Unit 3: Progressive Era Interactive Vocab Word Definition Analysis 1. The Grange (Farmers Alliance 142)

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1 Name: Period: Unit 3: Progressive Era Interactive Vocab Word Definition Analysis 1. The Grange (Farmers Alliance 142) Founded in 1867 to serve as a social club for farmers to help them overcome rural isolation and to spread information about the new farming techniques Grew into farmers encouraging economic and political reforms, such as establishing machinery and storage cooperatives, and campaigned for increased government regulation of the railroads. 2. Interstate Commerce Act (77, 142) Required railroads to charge fair rates to their customers and make those rates public. Created the Interstate US Gov Commerce Commission (ICC) to investigate complaints and enforce the act. What industry was taking advantage of farmers? Why did the government have to become involved in shipping? Private Business Rail Road 3. Populist Party (143) The Populists, or People's Party, (1890s) tried to secure political and economic reforms benefitting farmers, industrial workers, miners, or the common man, to battle banking and railroad interests. Wanted government to take a larger role, ending oppression, injustice and poverty. Coinage of silver to increase money supply 4. William Jennings Bryan A leading American politician from the 1890s until his death. He was a dominant force in the populist wing of the Democratic Party, standing three times as its candidate for President of the United States (1896, 1900 and 1908) How does this act affect Laissez Faire economics? What De Tocqueville Value does this political party value? Why would anyone want to run three times for President and never win?

2 5. Cross of Gold Speech (145) Speech by the presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan in Demanded to end the gold standard to increase the money supply. Wanted to include silver Praised farmers and denounced or spoke against bankers for crucifying mankind on a cross of gold. 6. Populist Party (143) The Populists, or People's Party, (1890s) tried to secure political and economic reforms benefitting farmers, industrial workers, miners, or the common man, to battle banking and railroad interests. Wanted government to take a larger role, ending oppression, injustice and poverty. Coinage of silver to increase money supply 7. Progressivism ( ) The movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms Era/people that tried to fix the problems created by the corruption and growth of the Gilded Age 8. Social Gospel ( ) the idea that churches should address social issues the church should be the group that helped those in need not the federal government Why would he want to increase the money supply? What De Tocqueville Value does this political party value? Read through your vocab List two people who would be considered progressives: Do you agree with the social gospel or do you think the government should be responsible for helping the poor? Why or why not? 9. Robert M. Lafollette (167) U.S. leader of the Progressive Movement governor of Wisconsin ( ) and U.S. senator ( ) was noted for his support of reform legislation such as the initiative, referendum, and the recall What branch of government did Lafollette help reform? (he also supported the 17 th amendment)

3 10. Initiative (166) Process by which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot to be voted on Who does the initiative give power to the government or the people? 11. Referendum (166) If 5-15% of all voters sign a petition requesting it, a recently passed law must be placed on the ballot so that voters can either approve or veto it The scale with one person is labeled citizen what does this say about who holds the power to add a referendum? 12. Recall (166) The right that enables voters to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from office Voters have the power to vote an elected official out of office before his or her term ends 13. Pendleton Act reduced political appointments had job candidates pass a civil service examination to prove their qualification Google Give an example of when recall has been used? What system does this act end? 14. Jane Addams (164) Established settlement houses, helped poor residents/immigrants. (known for Hull House) Did Jane Addams actions show a belief in Social Gospel or in Social Darwinism? 15. Settlement House (164) Institution located in a poor neighborhood that provided community services to the poor and incoming immigrants (for free) Such as English classes and work study The most famous was Jane Adams s Hull House Do these settlement houses earn profit (make money) from their community work or are they a community service?

4 16. Muckraker (162) Reporters and journalists who reported on corrupt politicians and other problems in society for example, Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle about the gruesome details of the meatpacking industry 17. Lincoln Steffens Muckraker who published articles in McClure s Magazine Articles became part of his work Shame of the Cities His reports exposed how corrupt politicians won elections by bribing and threatening voters, and revealed how political corruption affected all aspects of life in a city 18. Ida Tarbell She was a muckraker and publisher. She criticized Standard Oil Company in her book A History of the Standard Oil Company In today s society can you give an example of a Muckraker? (someone who exposes government corruption) What unit 2B vocab term was Steffens responsible for exposing? (What controlled the city governments during the Gilded Age?) Whose company was Ida Tarbell exposing in her book? (who owned Standard Oil) 19. Upton Sinclair (163) socialist muckraker shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, How is Sinclair a Muckraker? 20. The Jungle (163) This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act Which president would read this book and become inspired to pass the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and the Pure Food and Drug Act? 21. Jacob Riis (163) Muckraker wrote HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES which showed the world how the lower classes lived (showed the suffering of the poor) How is Riis a muckraker?

5 22. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (165) A fire in New York's Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911 killed 146 people, mostly women. They died because the doors were locked and the windows were too high for them to get to the ground. Showed the world the poor working conditions and let to federal regulations to protect workers 23. Ida B. Wells (170) Wells was characterized as a militant and uncompromising leader for her efforts to abolish lynching and establish racial equality What do you think Should the owners of the factory face any criminal charges for the deaths of their employees? What is lynching? 24. Trustbuster (182) Someone who breaks up a trust into smaller companies Using the political cartoon can you give an example of a trust buster? (or use Google) 25. Theodore Roosevelt ( ) 26th president known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, and his "Square Deal" Was a trustbuster however he believed in good and bad trusts 26. Square Deal (181) Theodore Roosevelt's promise of fair and equal treatment for all domestic program formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection What was his political campaign called? What three areas did the square deal focus on?

6 27. Meat Inspection Act (183) Roosevelt urged congress to pass this act which required meat that was to be sold across state lines to be inspected by federal agents Also allowed inspection of meat processing plants 28. Pure Food and Drug Act (183) the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs Ads like the one in the example were very common during this time period 29. Conservationist Someone who is in involved with environmental protection What book might have inspired Roosevelt to want this act passed? This add (from before 1913) claims that he has the cure to cancer this was a false statement what act now prevents lies like this from making it to the public? Read through your vocab list two men who would be considered a conservationist: John Muir (183) He campaigned for preservation of wildlife. The Birth of the Conservation Movement began in the 1870s because of his efforts What other vocab person might John Muir agree with when it comes to the environment? 31. Gifford Pinchot (184) U.S. forestry and conservation pioneer. Helped plan the U.S. system of forest reserves (later national forests). He established the nation's forest-service system 32. William H. Taft ( ) Began by following TR s policies then switched to his own which included more government involvement in business He approved the Payne-Aldrich Act (1909) and he pushed Congress to pass the Mann- Elkins Act (1910), which gave the government control over telephone and telegraph rates He dropped Roosevelt's distinction between good trusts and bad trusts. What did Pinchot create? According to his description does Taft fully support Laissez Faire economics? WHY?

7 33. New Nationalism (186) Roosevelt's progressive political policy in 1912 election that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice What political party did TR form to use this platform in 1912? 34. Bull Moose Party Nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of TR split from the Republicans when they refused to nominate him again in 1912 What party did TR split due to the Bull Moose Party s creation? 35. Woodrow Wilson ( ) 28th president created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, and women's suffrage (reluctantly) 36. New Freedom Similar to T.R s New Nationalism This was Wilson s plan for the 1912 election place strict government controls on corporations Is Wilson a progressive president? In a speech on the New Freedom, Wilson outlined his aim to provide more freedom for small businesses. Does this idea fit with the policy of laissez faire economics? th Amendment (187) gave Congress the power to pass an income tax How do we pay income tax?

8 38. 17th amendment (167) Direct election of senators If the 17 th amendment gave the people the power to vote for senators --then how were senators chosen before? 39. Clayton Anti-trust Act 1914 (188) Law passed in 1914 (under Wilson) to strengthen federal antitrust enforcement by spelling out business activities that were forbidden Passed to give more strength to the enforcers than the previous Sherman Anti-trust Act Why was this act passed? 40. Federal Trade Commission (188) an independent agency of the United States federal government Their job is to maintain fair and free competition. established in 1914 under President Wilson Why would an agency need to ensure fair competition? (what do you call a company that has no competition) 41. Federal Reserve System (188) a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks gave government the power to control the money supply The federal reserve system gave who the power to control the money supply? 42. Temperance ( ) Movement founded by the WCTU (women s Christian temperance union) seeking legislation designed to limit alcohol consumption Why would women (or Christians) want to restrict the availability of alcohol?

9 43. 18th Amendment Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages What previous vocab term was applied to a group who was seeking legislation designed to limit alcohol consumption? 44. Francis Willard (170) Was an American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist. Her influence was instrumental in the passage of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution How is Willard a reformer? (what does she want to reform) 45. Suffragist ( ) A person who campaigned for women's right to vote such as: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Alice Paul What amendment would have the suffragists supported? 46. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B Anthony (170) social reformers who campaigned for women s rights, for temperance, and abolition They helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association They were suffragists which means they supported what? th Amendment (173) In August of 1920 this gave women the right to vote Suffrage means to vote Read through your vocab list two people who would have supported this amendment: 1. 2.