Chapter 5 and 6 Study Guide
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1 Chapter 5 and 6 Study Guide Matching a. not an answer b. political party c. major parties d. not an answer e. split-ticket voting f. precinct g. pluralistic society 1. the smallest unit of election administration 2. a group of people joined together on the basis of common principles, who seek to control government and public policy 3. consisting of several distinct cultures and groups 4. the dominant political parties in the United States 5. casting ballots for candidates from different parties for different offices in the same election a. ward b. electorate c. minor party d. plurality e. political party f. split-ticket voting g. splinter parties h. major parties i. bipartisan 6. a unit into which cities are divided for the election of city council members 7. parties that have broken off from one of the major parties 8. the greatest number of votes cast for a single office 9. the people eligible to vote in any given election 10. a group that seeks to control government by winning elections and holding public office 11. the two major parties acting together and cooperating when making decisions
2 a. economic protest parties b. consensus c. two-party system d. splinter party e. one-party system f. minor party 12. Because the United States has a, the only candidates who have a reasonable chance of winning an election are either Republicans or Democrats. 13. Any party that has less support than one of the major political parties in the United States is a(n). 14. Parties that want to express their discontent with the major parties and current economy are known as. 15. In dictatorships, the could more realistically be called a "no-party" system. a. precinct b. splinter parties c. single-issue parties d. partisanship e. coalition 16. Congress and the State legislatures are often organized on party lines and conduct much of their business based on. 17. seek to cause a change on one public policy matter. 18. A is a union of many people of diverse interests who have joined together. a. electorate b. poll tax c. literacy d. preclearance e. political efficacy f. independent g. gerrymandering h. split-ticket voting 19., a person's ability to read or write, is no longer used to qualify voters. 20. Dividing electoral districts to limit the voting strength of a particular group is known as. 21. is the term regularly used to describe those people who have no specific major party affiliation. 22. People who do not believe their actions can affect politics have no sense of. 23. In the United States, the, or the potential voting population, is made up of nearly 200 million people. a. party identification b. straight-ticket voting c. franchise d. preclearance
3 e. literacy f. transients g. split-ticket voting h. political socialization 24. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 declared that no new election laws could be enacted in any State without from the Department of Justice. 25. is the practice of voting for candidates of more than one party in any one election. 26. People who are strongly loyal to a given party have strong. 27. Persons living in a State for a short period of time are sometimes called. 28. The right to vote is known as suffrage, or. Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. MAIN IDEAS 29. Parties that hold a particular set of beliefs and have often supported Marxist thinking are known as a. ideological parties. b. splinter parties. 30. The two-party system developed in the United States mainly because a. conflicts about the Constitution created opposing viewpoints. b. the Constitution established a democratic government. 31. In the past, some States limited voting rights by a. passing political socialization laws. b. charging a poll tax. 32. The expansion of suffrage in the United States a. was outlined in the text of the Constitution. b. has been moved forward by amendments and civil rights acts. 33. A person who votes in the presidential election but does not vote for a congressional candidate in the same election is known as a. a "nonvoting voter." b. an independent voter. 34. The single most significant predictor of a person's partisan voting behavior is his or her a. political efficacy. b. party identification. 35. Gerrymandering is unfair because a. it increases the voting power of minority groups. b. it sets district boundaries to decrease one group's voting strength. 36. Which party was in power during the period of ? a. Southern Democratic b. Democratic
4 Short Answer INTERPRETING GRAPHS Use the graph to answer the following questions. 37. What percentage of voters turned out for the presidential election in 1964? In 1988? 38. Which year shows the greatest difference between voter turnout for presidential elections versus nonpresidential elections? 39. What percentage of voters turned out for the presidential election and the non-presidential election in 1976? 40. How much did voter turnout for presidential elections decrease during the period ? 41. In which year was voter turnout for the presidential election highest? In which year was it lowest? 42. Which year shows the least difference in turnout between the presidential election and the non-presidential election? Essay CRITICAL THINKING 43. Identifying Assumptions The text states, "America has a two-party system because America has a two-party system." Give evidence to explain and support the meaning of this statement.
5 44. Determining Relevance In what ways does the existence of minor parties also work to strengthen the United States' two-party system? 45. Identifying Central Issues Why is the issue of voter rights so important in the United States? 46. How has did the populus party change the issues discussed by the Republicans and the Democrats; and what specific symbols from the Wizard of Oz represent the important 3rd party issues of the populist economic protest movement? Other Use each key term below in a sentence that shows the meaning of the term. 47. injunction 48. straight-ticket voting 49. off-year election 50. political socialization 51. registration 52. poll tax 53. gender gap 54. suffrage 55. poll book 56. purge
6 Chapter 5 and 6 Study Guide Answer Section MATCHING 1. ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: 140 OBJ: TOP: Precinct 2. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 116 OBJ: TOP: Political Party 3. ANS: G DIF: Easy REF: 120 OBJ: TOP: Plurality 4. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 116 OBJ: TOP: Major Parties 5. ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 141 OBJ: TOP: Split-Ticket Voting 6. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 140 OBJ: TOP: Ward 7. ANS: G DIF: Easy REF: 133 OBJ: TOP: Splinter Parties 8. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 120 OBJ: TOP: Plurality 9. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 129 OBJ: TOP: Electorate 10. ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 116 OBJ: TOP: Political Party 11. ANS: I DIF: Easy REF: 120 OBJ: TOP: Bipartisanship 12. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 119 OBJ: TOP: Two-Party System 13. ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: 132 OBJ: TOP: Minor Parties 14. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 133 OBJ: TOP: Economic Protest Parties 15. ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 123 OBJ: TOP: One-Party System 16. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 117 OBJ: TOP: Partisanship 17. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 132 OBJ: TOP: Single-Issue Parties 18. ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 122 OBJ: TOP: Multi-Party System 19. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 156 OBJ: TOP: Literacy 20. ANS: G DIF: Easy REF: 159 OBJ: 6.4.3
7 TOP: Gerrymandering 21. ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: 171 OBJ: TOP: Independent 22. ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 171 OBJ: TOP: Political Efficacy 23. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 148 OBJ: TOP: Electorate 24. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 162 OBJ: TOP: Preclearance 25. ANS: G DIF: Easy REF: 171 OBJ: TOP: Split-Ticket Voting 26. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 171 OBJ: TOP: Party Identification 27. ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: 153 OBJ: TOP: Transients 28. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 148 OBJ: TOP: Franchise MULTIPLE CHOICE 29. ANS: A DIF: Average REF: 132 OBJ: TOP: Ideological Parties 30. ANS: A DIF: Average REF: 119 OBJ: TOP: Two-Party System 31. ANS: B DIF: Average REF: 157 OBJ: 6.1.2, TOP: Poll Tax 32. ANS: B DIF: Average REF: 148 OBJ: TOP: Suffrage 33. ANS: A DIF: Average REF: 165 OBJ: TOP: Nonvoting 34. ANS: B DIF: Average REF: 171 OBJ: TOP: Party Identification 35. ANS: B DIF: Average REF: 159 OBJ: TOP: Gerrymandering 36. ANS: B DIF: Average REF: 126 OBJ: TOP: Major Parties in American History SHORT ANSWER 37. ANS: 61.9 percent, 50.1 percent DIF: Challenging REF: 168 OBJ: TOP: Voter Behavior 38. ANS: 1984 DIF: Challenging REF: 168 OBJ: TOP: Voter Behavior
8 39. ANS: presidential, 53.5 percent; non-presidential, 34.9 percent DIF: Challenging REF: 168 OBJ: TOP: Voter Behavior 40. ANS: from 61.9 percent to 41.6 percent, a drop of 13.1 percentage points DIF: Challenging REF: 168 OBJ: TOP: Voter Behavior 41. ANS: highest was in 1964; lowest in 1996 DIF: Challenging REF: 168 OBJ: TOP: Voter Behavior 42. ANS: 1992 DIF: Challenging REF: 168 OBJ: TOP: Voter Behavior ESSAY 43. ANS: Sample answer: The main point of this statement is that the two-party system is based on tradition. A firmly established tradition tends to perpetuate itself. Thus the two-party system began in the earliest days of the republic when two factions differed on how to interpret the new Constitution. The Federalists favored a liberal interpretation which gave the Federal Government greater power, while the Anti-Federalists favored a stricter interpretation that would give more power to the States. While party labels have changed over the years, this division of opinion over the interpretation of the Constitution still exists. DIF: Challenging REF: 119 OBJ: TOP: Two-Party System 44. ANS: Sample answer: Minor parties bring up issues sometimes avoided by the major parties, as was the case with the Socialist Party under Norman Thomas. When the major parties see that these issues are important to voters, they strengthen their platforms and policies by adopting them. Minor parties can also bring about an election victory for a major party by splitting votes, thereby strengthening that major party's position, as happened in the election of 1912, when Wilson defeated William Howard Taft because Theodore Roosevelt's Bull Moose Progressives split the Republican vote. DIF: Challenging REF: 119, 132 OBJ: TOP: Two-Party System, Minor Parties 45. ANS: If the United States is to remain a true democracy, the voting rights of all people must be secured and guaranteed. Otherwise, certain groups will not find representation in government and will not be able to take part by holding public office. Because the Constitution did not establish voter rights for all groups, subsequent government actions had to be taken to do so. DIF: Challenging REF: 148 OBJ: TOP: Suffrage 46. ANS: fcvd OTHER
9 47. ANS: Possible sentence: Court ordered injunctions can be used to protect voter rights. DIF: Easy REF: 161 OBJ: TOP: Injunction 48. ANS: Possible sentence: A strong supporter of the Democratic party may exhibit straight-ticket voting. DIF: Easy REF: 171 OBJ: TOP: Straight-Ticket Voting 49. ANS: Possible sentence: Congressional elections held in even-numbered years between presidential elections are known as off-year elections. DIF: Easy REF: 164 OBJ: TOP: Off-Year Election 50. ANS: Possible sentence: Many different experiences contribute to an individual's political socialization. DIF: Easy REF: 168 OBJ: TOP: Political Socialization 51. ANS: Possible sentence: All but one State require voter registration. DIF: Easy REF: 154 OBJ: TOP: Registration 52. ANS: Possible sentence: Poor people could not afford to pay a poll tax in order to vote. DIF: Easy REF: 157 OBJ: TOP: Poll Tax 53. ANS: Possible sentence: The difference between the partisan affiliations of men and women is known as the gender gap. DIF: Easy REF: 169 OBJ: TOP: Gender Gap 54. ANS: Possible sentence: In a democracy, limiting suffrage affects election results. DIF: Easy REF: 148 OBJ: TOP: Suffrage 55. ANS: Possible sentence: Poll books are the lists of registered voters in each voting precinct. DIF: Easy REF: 155 OBJ: TOP: Poll Book 56. ANS: Possible sentence: State law requires local election officials to review the lists of registered voters in their district and purge from the list those who are no longer eligible to vote. DIF: Easy REF: 155 OBJ: TOP: Purge
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