Families of the Periodic Table
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1 Families of the Periodic Table Families of the Periodic Table: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Name each region of the Periodic Table 2. Name each family of the Periodic Table 3. List at least 3 characteristics of each family of the Periodic Table 1
2 Hydrogen Gas: Hydrogen Hydrogen (cont.) Low density Low melting point Non-metal qualities: brittle, non-conductor, dull 1 valence electron Ox. State = +1 Reacts w/ halogens to form acids Reacts w/ oxygen to form water 2
3 Group 1A: Alkali Metals Reaction of potassium + H 2 O Cutting sodium metal Alkali Metals Solids: Lithium Potassium Sodium Rubidium Cesium Francium 3
4 Alkali Metals (cont.) Soft Dull silver color Low density Low melting point Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Reactive only found in compounds in nature Reacts w/ halogens to form salts Reacts w/ water to form strong alkaline hydroxides 1 valence electron +1 oxidation state Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals Magnesium Magnesium oxide 4
5 Alkaline Earth Metals Solids Beryllium Magnesium Calcium Strontium Barium Radium Alkaline Earth Metals (cont.) Soft Shiny silver color Low density Found naturally as a compound Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Glow different colors Reacts w/ halogens to form ionic salts 2 valence electrons + 2 oxidation state 5
6 Transition Lanthanides and Actinides (Inner Transitions) Iron in air gives iron(iii) oxide Transition Metals Solids All D-block elements Atomic numbers , ,
7 Transition Metals (cont.) High density High melting / boiling point Good catalysts Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Hard, tough & strong Silvery blue at room temperature Multiple oxidation states Valence electrons vary Post-Transition Metals Solids Aluminum Gallium Indium Tin Thallium Lead Bismuth 7
8 Post Transition Metals (cont.) Relatively high density Salts Solids Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Not as reactive Opaque color Malleable Oxidation numbers +3, +4, +5 Metalloids Solids Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium Polonium 8
9 Metalloids (cont.) Some shiny Some dull Some malleable, some not Some ductile, some not Has properties of both metals and nonmetals Various oxidation numbers Various valence electrons Other Non-Metals Nitrogen Oxygen Gases Solids Phosphorus Sulfur Selenium Carbon 9
10 Other Non-Metals (cont.) Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, nonconductor, etc. High ionization energy High electronegativity Gain electrons easily Various oxidation numbers Various valence electrons Group 7A: The Halogens (salt makers) F, Cl, Br, I, At 10
11 Halogens Iodine Astatine Solids Fluorine Chlorine Gases Bromine Liquids Halogens (cont.) Only group in all 3 states of matter Highly reactive w/ alkali metals & alkaline earth metals High electronegativity Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc. 7 valence electrons -1 oxidation state 11
12 Noble (inert) Gases Group #8 atoms P shell full Very non-reactive VERY happy Noble Gases Gases Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon 12
13 Group 8A: The Noble (Inert) Gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Lighter than air balloons Neon signs Very Unreactive because they have full electron levels 2 or 8 valence electrons Oxidation state = 0 XeOF 4 Noble Gases (cont.) Non-reactive Odorless Tasteless Colorless Nonflammable Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, nonconductor, etc. 13
14 Inner Transition Metals Solids All F-block elements Atomic numbers Inner Transition Metals (cont.) Most are manmade High melting points Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile 3 valence electrons + 3 oxidation state Reactivity varies Usually bonded to non-metals AKA: lanthanides & actinides 14
15 New Atomic numbers 113 and on New All are manmade Some will have metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Some will have nonmetal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc. Some will have qualities of both 15
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