BIOL Histology & Dissection of The Human Reproductive Systems

Transcription

1 BIOL 2402 Histology & Dissection of The Human Reproductive Systems Laboratory Objectives After completing this lab, you should be able to: 1. Identify sections of the testis and ovary microscopically. 2. To identify the major features and cells of the testis and ovary microscopically. 3. Locate and identify the main organs and structures of the male and female reproductive system by viewing a cadaver from your Anatomy & Physiology Revealed, Version 2.0 CD and to describe functions of each. Materials Compound microscope Prepared slides of the mammalian testis and ovary Color pencils Anatomy & Physiology Revealed, Version 2.0 CD Your A&P textbook INTRODUCTION The main function of the male and female reproductive system is sexual reproduction of offsprings. Fusion of the male and female gametes, or sex cells, is required for sexual reproduction. The male gamete, or sperm, and the female gamete, or ovum, are produced by the cellular reproduction called meiosis that occurs at the gonads (testes or ovaries). Meiosis produces gametes, each with 23 total chromosomes. When a sperm and an ovum unite, a cell called zygote, with 46 chromosomes, is formed. The zygote formed has a unique mixture of DNA coming from both parents. In this laboratory exercise, you will review the structures and functions of the male and female reproductive systems, both microscopically and anatomically. The anatomical structures of the human reproductive systems will be studied by viewing a cadaver from your Anatomy & Physiology Revealed, Version 2.0 CD. Male Reproductive System PART 1 Main Organs of The Male Reproductive System 1

2 A. Label the main organs of the male reproductive system (figure on next page) using the terms provided. Terms: Epididymis Scrotum Vas Deferens Testis Urethra Penis Bulbourethral Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicles Urinary Bladder Testis = singular Testes = plural Anus Large Intestine B. Label the male reproductive organs in this posterior view. Use the terms provided to do your labelings. Urinary Bladder Terms: Epididymis Vas Deferens Testis Urethra Penis Bulbourethral Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicles Seminiferous tubules 2

3 C. Label the figure of a sagittal section of the testis and cross section of the seminiferous tubule. Use the terms provided to do your labelings. Terms: Epididymis Ductus or Vas Deferens Testis Seminiferous tubules Sperms Interstitial cells Spermatogonia PART 2 Microscopic Structure of the Testis A. Obtained a prepared slide of the mammalian testis and examine it under the 10X objective lens. Locate the cells and structures in the slide using in the following micrograph of a human testis: Sperms Micrograph of the testis (100X). Seminiferous tubule Spermatogenic cells 3 Lumen Interstitial cells

4 B. Draw & label a sketch of a representative section of the testis. Use the previous figure as your guide to do your labelings. Use the 10X obj. lens to view the testis slide. Testis Your Sketch of the testis ( X ) Seminiferous Tubule Label in your diagram: Seminiferous tubules Sperms Spermatogenic cells Lumen of seminiferous tubule Interstitial cells C. View the interstitial cells using the 40X lens. Switch your objective lens from 10X to 40X lens (remember to use the revolving nosepiece to rotate the lens) and locate the interstitial cells in the spaces between adjacent seminiferous tubules. Draw and label your observation in the following space: Label in your diagram: Seminiferous tubules Sperms Interstitial cells 4

5 Dissection Of The Human Testis ( X Male Reproductive ) System PART 1 Animation: Male Reproductive System Overview From the Home Screen of Anatomy & Physiology / Revealed CD, click the down arrow on the SYSTEM button and choose the Reproductive System. You will then see the opening screen for the Reproductive System. A. To access the animation Male Reproductive System Overview, click at the ANIMATIONS icon located at the top center of the Reproductive System screen. B. From the ANIMATION LIST, click at the down arrow and select Male Reproductive System Overview. Click at this button to star the animation Click at this button to pause the animation To rewind or forward the animation, click and draw the round, red button. Answer the following questions after viewing the animation: 1. The primary male sex organs or are called 2. Trace the pathway of sperms from testes through the penis. 5

6 Use the figure below to label the structures and organs that sperms travel through until they arrive to the penis. 3. Where is the location of testes? 4. What is the scrotum? 5. What is the temperature within testes? WHY? 6. Describe the effects of cold temperature and warm temperature in testes. Include in your description what muscles are involved in regulating temperature at testes. Cold Temperature: Warm Temperature: 6

7 7. a) What is another name for sperm development? b) Where does spermatogenesis occur? c) What else is produced at testes? 8. Internally each testis is divided into about lobules. Each lobule contains 2-3 tubules called a) About how long is each seminiferous tubule? inches long. b) What occurs at seminiferous tubules? 9. The total length of seminiferous tubules of the two testes is equivalent to almost! 10. Describe the epithelium that lines the seminiferous tubules. 11. What do interstitial cells produce and release? 12. Where are interstitial cells located? Label in the diagram to the right: Interstitial cells Seminiferous tubule Sustentacular cells Germ cells Sperms 7

8 13. Choose One. The sperms produced at seminiferous tubules are mature/immature. 14. Where do sperms mature? 15. Where are sperms stored until ejaculation? 16. How many sperms are produced in testes each day? 17. The tail of the epididymis is continuous with the 18. The vas deferens joins to the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the 19. The ejaculatory duct passes through the to empty into the 20. The accessory glands secrete fluids that contribute to the formation of semen. List the percent of semen volume that each one secretes: Seminal vesicles secrete: % of the semen volume Prostate gland secretes: % of the semen volume Bulbourethral glands secrete: % of semen volume 21. List the two functions for the male penis. 22. List the three divisions of the penis: PART 2 Male Reproductive Organs Sagittal View A. After viewing the Male Reproductive System Overview animation, click at the DISSECTION icon 8

9 B. From the Select Topic, select Pelvis-Male and then from the Select view select Sagittal. Click then at the blinking green GO button. C. Click at LAYER 1 in the LAYER 13. CONTROLS window, and the following image appears: D. Mouse-over the pins on the screen and name only the labeled parts that you see in this figure. Label: Review Exercises 1. Label the following structures of human testis. A. C B. C. B A 9

10 2. Complete the table below: Male Reproductive Organs Scrotum Function/s Testis Epididymis Vas Deferens Penis Interstitial Cells Seminiferous Tubules Sustentacular Cells Spermatogenic Cells Female Reproductive System PART 1 Main Organs of The Female Reproductive System A. Label the main organs and structures of the female reproductive system using the terms provided. Terms: Uterus Cervix Body of uterus Uterine tubes or Fallopian tubes Ovary Vagina Cervical orifice Infundibulum 10

11 B. Label the organs and structures of the female reproductive system in this sagittal section. Use the provided terms to do your labelings. Terms: Uterus Cervix Uterine tubes or Fallopian tubes Ovary Vagina Vaginal orifice Urinary Bladder Sacrum Coccyx Urethra Rectum Anus PART 2 Microscopic Structure of the Ovaries A. Obtained a prepared slide of the mammalian ovary and examine it under the 10X objective lens. Locate the cells and structures in the slide using in the following micrograph of a human ovary: Primordial follicles Developing follicle Ovum: to be ovulated 11 Graafian follicle or mature follicle

12 B. Draw a labeled sketch of a representative section of the ovary. Use the above figure as your guide to do your labeling. Use the 10X obj. lens to view the ovary slide. Ovary ( X ) C. Draw a labeled sketch of a representation of the Graafian follicle under the microscope. Label the following Graafian follicle Ovum or secondary oocyte Granulosa cells Fluid-filled antrum Graafian Follicle ( X) 12

13 Dissection Of The Human Female Reproductive System PART 1 Animation: Female Reproductive System Overview From the Home Screen of Anatomy & Physiology / Revealed CD, click the down arrow on the SYSTEM button and choose the Reproductive System. You will then see the opening screen for the Reproductive System. A. To access the animation Female Reproductive System Overview, click at the ANIMATIONS icon located at the top center of the Reproductive System screen. B. From the ANIMATION LIST, click at the down arrow and select Female Reproductive System Overview. Click at this button to star the animation Click at this button to pause the animation To rewind or forward the animation, click and draw the round, red button. Answer the following questions after viewing the animation: 1. List the internal organs of the female reproductive system. 2. Name 2 other organs of the female reproductive system. 13

14 3. Ovaries attach to the uterus via the: and Label the ovarian ligament and suspensory ligament. 4. List the three structures found in each suspensory ligament. 5. Name the two regions of the ovary and label them in the figure below.? Which regions contains the ovarian follicles? 6. What does each follicle contain? 7. The remnant of the ruptured follicle is the, which Later degenerates into the 8. List the four parts of the uterine tube or fallopian tube. 9. What is the function of fimbriae? 10. In which part of the uterine tube does fertilization normally occurs? 14

15 11. Describe the three (3) functions of the uterus. 12. List and label the three regions of the uterus. 13. List the three layers of the uterus. 14. Which layer is shed off during menstruation? 15. List the three functions of the vagina. 16. Describe how bacteria at the vagina help inhibit the growth of pathogens at the vagina. PART 2 Female Reproductive Organs Sagittal View A. After viewing the Female Reproductive System Overview animation, click at the DISSECTION icon 15

16 B. From the Select Topic, select Pelvis-Female and then from the Select view select Sagittal. Click then at the blinking green GO button. 14. C. Click at LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS window, and the following image appears: D. Mouse-over the pins on the screen and name only the labeled parts that you see in this figure. Label: Review Exercises 1. Identify the structure to the left. 2. Label in the structure to the left: -granulosa cells -graafian follicle -Ovum (secondary oocyte) 16

17 3. Label the cortex and medulla of the ovary. 4. Label the organs of the female reproductive system using the terms provided. Terms: Uterus Cervix Body of uterus Uterine tubes or Fallopian tubes Ovary Ovarian ligament 17

18 5. Complete the following table. Female Reproductive Organs Uterus Body of Uterus Function/s Ovaries Fallopian Tubes (oviducts or uterine tubes) Cervix Vagina Granulosa Cells Graafian Follicle Oocyte Fimbriae Primordial Follicle Describe what it is: Corpus Luteum 18