REGULATIONS IN THE OIL REFINING INDUSTRY BP Chair on Energy and Sustainability June 24 th, Madrid

Transcription

1 AIR QUALITY REGULATIONS IN THE OIL REFINING INDUSTRY BP Chair on Energy and Sustainability June 24 th, Madrid

2 AIR POLLUTANTS EMISSION LEVELS AIR QUALITY 2

3 Oil refining sector, with power generation, are probably the largest emitters of air pollutants Unlike other sectors, there is a wide variety of pollutant sources : - Furnaces, boilers and turbines - Fluid Catalytic Cracking Regenerator - Sulphur Recovery units - Flare systems - Load/unload devices (absorbers/adsorbers) - Emissions in tank farms - Evaporation in WWP - Fugitive losses in singular elements (valves, flanges, etc) - Piles of bulk materials (as sulphur or coke) - etc. 3

4 SEVERAL DEFINITION OF POLLUTANTS, but in general terms (Ley 34/2007, de 15 de noviembre de calidad del aire y protección de la atmósfera) MATERIALS SUBSTANCES ENERGY THAT MAY IMPLY RISKS OR DAMAGES PEOPLE ENVIRONMENT GOODS We ve got all of them in Refineries! 4

5 Material Particulate Matter Heavy metal POLLU UTANT TS Substances acidifying gases eutrophicating gases tropospheric ozone (O3) precursors Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer SO 2, NO x, NH 3 NO x, NH 3 COVNM, NO x, CO, NH 3 HAP, PCBs... CFC, HCFC, Halons, CCL 4, CH 3 Br MAIN Energy Greenhouse Gases Heat Light Noise Radiaction Specific Legislation CO 2, N 2 O, CH 4, HFC, PFC, SF 6 ODOUR IEA No legislation 5

6 RD 102/2011, set air quality limits for: Sulphur dioxide Nitrogen oxides Particulate matter (PM 10, PM 2,5 ) Lead Benzene Carbon monoxide Ozone Cadmium Arsenic Nickel Benzo (a) pirene Don t forget that emission i control must be aimed to guarantee a good air quality Annual Averages Daily Averages Hourly Averages PERCENTILES 6

7 All pollutant sources are included and classified according to the content of RD 100/2011, through a combination of 8 codes (based in a SNAP classification, as European pollutant inventories DIFFERENT LEGISLATION SETTING DIFFERENT LIMITS!! 1. RD 815/2013. INDUSTRIAL EMISSION DIRECTIVE. JANUARY IPPC DIRECTIVE. BREF CONCEPT. BAT CONCLUSIONS 3. Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone (Gothenburg ). Limits different from EU Directives. Does it apply? 4. Territorial Air Quality Programs (as in SC Tenerife) 5. National emission reduction plan Excluded non conventional fuels 7

8 BREF Revision. Several Problems to solve: Insufficient and extremely flexible application of BAT Need to set more strict limits because IED cannot be harder than the BAT concept PERMITS must be based in BAT Exceptions due local characteristics (site or facility) must be justified and remitted to EU. 8

9 To solve problems seen before BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES CONCLUSION Published in Official Journal of the European Union BUT WHEN DO THE NEW LIMITS APPLY? FOUR YEAR AFTER THE PUBLICATION, THE FACILITIES MUST BE ADAPTED TO NEW LIMITS (AND THE IEA MUST BE PREVIOUSLY REVISED) 2018? BUT FOR EXISTING FACILITIES, LIMITS IN RD 815/2013 (IED) APPLIES IN JANUARY 2016 AND BREF, AND BAT CONCLUSIONS, WILL BE REVISED EVERY 8 YEARS 9

10 CONCLUSIONS Emission Limits for Oil Refineries are becoming harder and harder They are changing continuously: First IEA IED BAT Conclusion New limits as consequence of substancial modifications Medium Combustion Plants Directive It s needed to know what limits are going g to be set, because BAT CONCLUSIONS HAVE IN SEVERAL SITUATIONS, WIDE RANGES 10

11 AND.ART IED: For the following combustion plants, on the basis of the best available techniques, the Commission shall review the need to establish Union-wide emission limit values and to amend the emission limit values set out in Annex V: (a) the combustion plants referred to in paragraph 8; (b) combustion plants within refineries firing the distillation and conversion residues from the refining of crude-oil for own consumption, alone or with other fuels, taking into account the specificity of the energy systems stems of refineries; (c)combustion plants firing gases other than natural gas; (d) combustion plants in chemical installations using liquid production residues as non-commercial fuel for own consumption. 11

12 Pollutants TWO LARGEST SPANISH REFINERIES PETRONOR GIBRALTAR SAN ROQUE % % NO x /NO % % SO x /SO % % NMVOC % % E-PRTR, all data in kg 12

13 Air quality stations in surroundings of refineries Distance to the Number of Number of Refinery Region nearest station stations in a stations (km) radius of 3 km Tenerife Canarias 0, Petronor País Vasco 0, Puertollano Castilla La Mancha 3,5 4 0 La Coruña Galicia 2,5 5 2 Castellón Valencia 2,9 6 1 Tarragona Cataluña 1,4 7 1 Cartagena Murcia 1,7 4 1 Gibraltar- San Roque Andalucía 1, La Rábida Andalucía 0,

14 Distance Max hourly value SO REFINERY A 2 Max daily value SO from (µg/m AIR QUALITY STATIONS ) 2 (µg/m 3 ) refinery <3 km <3 km <3 km <3 km <3 km <3 km < 10 km < 10 km < 10 km < 10 km < 10 km < 10 km < 10 km < 10 km < 10 km AVERAGE Distance Max hourly value SO REFINERY B 2 Max daily value SO from (µg/m AIR QUALITY STATIONS ) 2 (µg/m 3 ) refinery <1 km <3 km < 10 km < 10 km < 10 km < 10 km <10km < 10 km <20 km <20 km <20 km <20 km AVERAGE

15 AIR QUALITY 1 The real need to control emissions should be aimed to keep air quality 2 Emissions rates have had a spectacular decreased 3 Air quality has improved and in practice there are not exceedance of limits Is it necessary go further in new limits? 15

16 SO 2: Emissions limits for combustion facilities FUEL BAT RD R.D. 815/2013 CONCLUSIONS Being discussed BREF In force Existing NEW Ref 5-20 mg/nm 5-35 mg/nm 3 GAS 3 35 mg/nm 3 35 mg/nm 3 FUEL OIL mg/nm mg/nm MW: 250 mg/nm mg/nm MW: 350 mg/nm mg/nm 3 > 300 MW: 200 mg/nm mg/nm 3 *low calorific gases from the gasification of refinery residues R.D. 815/2013 ANEX 3 PART 7 Average emission limit values for multi-fuel firing combustion plants within a refinery (MAY BE APPLIED): 1000 mg/nm 3 (before 2003) 600 mg/nm 3 (after 2003) IEA of Spanish Refineries Environmental permits set values between 933 and 1700 mg/nm 3 16

17 Bubble Limit Values in Spanish Refineries REFINERY mg/nm 3, 3% O 2, b.s. Santa Cruz de Tenerife (CEPSA) 800 Castellón (BP Oil) Gibraltar-San Roque (CEPSA) La Rábida (CEPSA) Cartagena (REPSOL) La Coruña (REPSOL) Puertollano (REPSOL) Tarragona (REPSOL) In BAT Conclusion it is accepted the bubble concept, but without values (the limit would be the result of applying the individual limits for every source affected by its flue gas ratio), and TAKING INTO ACCOUNT SRU AND FCC 17

18 NO x: Emissions limits for combustion facilities FUEL GAS BAT CONCLUSIONS BREF RD R.D. 815/2013 Being discussed In force Existing NEW Existing mg/nm mg/nm 3 GN 100mg/Nm 3 NEW mg/nm 3 mg/nm 3 200/300 mg/nm 3 Others MW: 450 mg/nm 3 300mg/Nm LÍQUID mg/nm 3 mg/nm /450 MW: 200 mg/nm mg/nm 3 > 300 MW: 150 mg/nm mg/nm 3 18

19 NO X Fluid Catalytic Cracking BAT CONCLUSIONS Being discussed BREF In force NEW mg/nm mg/nm mg/nm 3 EXISTING (FULL COMBUSTION) PM BAT CONCLUSIONS Being discussed BREF In force NEW mg/nm (50) mg/nm mg/nm 3 EXISTING (FULL COMBUSTION) SO 2 BAT CONCLUSIONS Being discussed BREF In force NEW 300 mg/nm EXISTING mg/nm mg/nm 3 (FULL COMBUSTION) COMBUSTION) CO BAT CONCLUSIONS Being discussed BREF In force 100mg/Nm mg/nm 3 19

20 Sulphur Recovery Units Refinery Recovery efficency BAT CONCLUSIONS Being discussed NEW> 99,5% EXISTING 98,5% BREF In Force 99,5 99,9% Santa Cruz de Tenerife 99% Castellón existing 98% new 98,5% Gibraltar-San Roque 98,5% La Rábida 99% Cartagena La Coruña existing- 98,5% new 99,5% PRA-1: 95,5% PRA-2: 96,6% PRA-3: 98,5% PRA-4: 98,5% U-661: 99,3% Puertollano U-639: 99% U-644: 98,8% Petronor 97,5% 20

21 Is it necessary go further in new limits? EVEN IF THE ANSWER IF YES, WHAT LIMITS WILL BE MANDATORY? DECISION CORRESPONS TO REGIONAL AUTHORITIES, AND IT WILL BE TAKEN CASE BY CASE BUT THE MARKET IS NATIONAL / INTERNATIONAL! 21

22 CHILE SANTIAGO DE CHILE General Flores 90, Providencia COLOMBIA BOGOTÁ Carrera 47ª Nº La Castellana PERÚ LIMA C/ Julio Verne Urbanización Bartolomé Herrera. San Miguel ESPAÑA SEVILLA Parque Tecnológico de la Cartuja C/Tomás Alba Edison, 2. Edificio INERCO Parque Tecnológico Aeroespacial de Andalucía Aerópolis C/ Juan Olivert, 10. CN-IV KM. 528 Ingeniería, TARRAGONA Avenida de Roma, 7 2ª planta MADRID C/Jorge Juan, 50. Bajo Izq. C/Ciudad de Frías, 19 nave 1. USA Tecnología y Consultoría 25 Northpointe Parkway, Suite 100 Amherst NY 14228