Renewable Energy in Germany

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1 Energy Renewable Energy in Germany Solar thermal energy in Germany: market, technologies, perspectives Gerhard Stryi-Hipp Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Mexico, 20 September 2011

2 Solar Thermal Energy: Underestimated Source of Power Source: IEA-SHC Solar Heat Worldwide, Edition 2011,

3 Solar Thermal World Market 2009 New Installed Collector Capacity Quelle: IEA SHC-Programm, Solar Heat Worldwide, Edition 2011

4 Development of the German Solar Thermal Market

5 Flat Plate Collector - Construction Typical high efficient aluminium framed flat plate collector Absorber from Copper or Aluminium, selective coated: high absorption of sunlight low emission of infrared-radiation Low iron solar glass = improved transparency Sometimes AR anti reflective coated Copper tubes ultrasonic or laser welded Adapter plate Aluminium profile Insulation Aluminium back board Insulation Aluminium frame Connection tube Source: GreenOneTec

6 Flat Plate Collector - Construction Typical high efficient wooden framed flat plate collector Connection tube Aluminium profile Glass sealing Selective coated absorber Solar glass Adapter plate Insulation Wood frame Wooden back board Collecting pipe Source: GreenOneTec

7 Solar Domestic Hot Water System - Basics Solar radiation Glazed solar collector Flat plate collector or Evacuated tube collector Pumped solar circuit - Anti freeze heat transfer fluid - Controller - Pump - Safety (pressure) valves Solar heat store with two heat exchangers Hot drinking water outlet Cold drinking water inlet Auxiliary heating via natural gas, oil, wood, district heating, electricity, Principles of a SDHW System Collector is converting radiation into heat Output (efficiency) depends on collector efficiency and inlet temperature, radiation intensity and heat transfer fluid flow rate The lower the heat transfer fluid flow rate the higher the outlet temperature! The lower the absorber temperature the higher the collector efficiency! Heat must be stored since solar supply and DHW demand patterns usually do not match

8 Thermosiphon Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems are mainly used in southern countries Typical system for Southern Europe: Thermosiphon system 2-4 m² collector area liter storage tank Natural circulation By natural convection: The added solar heat expands the heat transfer fluid, becomes lighter and rises to the storage tank above. Source: Schueco

9 Typical Solar Thermal Combi-System for domestic hot water and space heating Combi-store Main store contains heating water (buffer) Smaller Tank-in-Tank contains drinking water Space heating circuit (water system)

10 Typical Large Solar Thermal Systems Collector Loop freeze protected Solar Heat Store buffer water Domestic Hot Water supply Collector inlet temperature must be as low as possible (store stratification!) -> high collector efficiency Charge and discharge devices and strategy must lead to a good temperature stratification Cold water supply must cool down the bottom of the buffer store via heat exchanger for a high solar collector efficiency

11 Large Solar Thermal Systems For multi family homes, hotels, hospitals, nursing homes Crucial: management of the different heat sources Image: Solvis Image: Wagner & Co

12 Source: Viessmann Source: Fraunhofer ISE Promising Technology Solar Assisted Cooling (Solar) thermally driven cooling machines Cooling demand and solar supply patterns match well There are already more than 400 pilot systems installed in Europe Small systems are under development Adsorption cooling machine Building: Governmental Press Office Berlin Building: IHK Freiburg

13 Solites Solites Promising Application Solar District Heating - will play a big role in the future Semi-detached houses in Neckarsulm, Germany Solar District Heating, Marstal, Denmark collector area 17,000 m² Arcon 12,000 m³ seasonal storage, Friedrichshafen, Germany

14 Innovative Tools for Technology Development in Germany and Europe: Solar Thermal Technology Platforms Concept to Accelerate Technological Development Researcher Politicians Solar Thermal Vision 2030 Which role will solar thermal energy play in the year 2030 and which technologies will be used? Industry R&D agenda Which R&D steps are necessary to let the vision become reality? Solar Thermal Research Agenda published in Dec 2008: Realization Stimulation of new R&D programs, political advice, lobbying,...

15 Solar Thermal Vision 2030 of the Solar Thermal Technology Panel of the European Technology Platform on RHC New buildings: Active Solar House - 100% solar heated buildings will be the building standard Existing building stock: Solar Refurbishment - Solar refurbished buildings > 50% solar heated, will be the most cost effective way to refurbish the building stock Commercial + Agricultural Solar Applications - Solar thermal systems will cover process heating and cooling demands Solar district heating and cooling networks - will be widely solar assisted Overall goal: ca. 50% of the low temperature needs (up to 250 C) will be provided by solar thermal

16 From SDHW only.. to 100% Solar Heated Houses SDHW solar domestic hot water heating 10%-20% SDHW + space heating support 20%-30% Solar Active House mainly heated by solar SDHW + space heating support (large share) 50% % 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Share of solar thermal energy in the heat demand of a building

17 Concept of Solar Heated Building Solar Thermal Collectors 30m² - 60m² Seasonal Heat Storage (Water) 6 10 m³ Solar Fraction (share of the overall heat demand): 60% - 70%

18 Conclusions Solar thermal technology is a well established technology in Germany Solar thermal energy can cover up to 50% of the overall energy demand for heating and cooling in Germany Solar thermal technology has still a great potential for technological development, R&D activities are increasing German companies do have a huge experience in system technology and offering high quality components and products for solar thermal systems

19 Thank you for your attention! Contact Gerhard Stryi-Hipp