UNIT 07 Practice Exam: Vitamins

Transcription

1 Pierce College Putman/NUTR& 101 UNIT 07 Practice Exam: Vitamins 1. Vitamins are a. high in calories. b. not essential in the diet. c. needed in the diet in very small amounts only. d. All the above! 2. Needed to maintain health of macula (eye) and for color vision; an important antioxidant that inhibits damage to DNA. a. Vitamin C b. -carotene c. Folic acid d. Vitamin D 3. Which group has the highest rate of children with rickets because of vitamin D deficiency? a. Irish-Americans b. Norwegian-Americans c. African-Americans and Hispanics d. Japanese-Americans 4. Which is not true about rickets? a. Prevented by breast feeding infants. b. Seen most often in African-American children. c. May occur if a child has enough calcium in her diet. d. Not uncommon in vegan kids. 5. Which is not a general characteristic of vitamins? a. Activate enzymes b. May be consumed in large amounts to cure diseases such as cancer c. Inhibit oxidation in other molecules d. May be ingested as provitamins and converted as needed 6. Taking a long time for your vision to recover from a bright flash may suggest a deficiency of a. Vitamin D b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin A d. Vitamin B The upper limit of vitamin D, obtained only through supplements: a. 500 IU b IU c IU Putman/Pierce College Nut&101 07px practice exam/ /page 1

2 d IU 8. Which vitamin is water soluble? a. Retinol b. Thymin c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin K 9. Which is not a good source of vitamin E? a. Almonds and sunflower seeds b. Salmon and other fatty fish c. Peanut butter d. Canola and olive oil 10. All of the following are excellent sources of dietary vitamin K. Which is the best source? a. 1 cup steamed spinach b. 1 cup raw kale c. 1 cup steamed broccoli d. 1 cup Cheerios 11. Which is not a symptom of scurvy? a. Loose teeth and bleeding gums b. Wounds don t heal well c. Abnormal bone development d. Anemia; red blotches on skin 12. Vitamin K deficiency is most often seen in a. Vegans b. Neonates c. Alcoholics d. Individuals with PEM 13. Vitamin C supplementation, over and above the DRI, has been shown to prevent/inhibit/cure a. Some cancers and heart disease b. The common cold c. All the above d. None of the above 14. Which vitamin is not stored in fat tissue? a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin K c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin A 15. Which is not made by gut bacteria? a. Vitamin K Putman/Pierce College Nut&101 07px practice exam/ /page 2

3 b. Biotin c. Riboflavin d. Pantothenic acid 16. A very important vitamin to energy metabolism, a deficiency of which causes beriberi. a. Pantothenic acid b. Riboflavin c. Niacin d. Thiamin 17. A diet rich in whole grains (such as corn) but lacking complementary amino acids may produce all of the following symptoms except for which? a. Nausea, bright red or black tongue b. Impaired collagen synthesis; weak teeth and bones c. Impaired memory and cognitive function; confusion d. Flaky skin 18. Causes blindness in ½ million kids per year through keratinization of the cornea. a. Vitamin E deficiency b. Vitamin A deficiency c. Vitamin C deficiency d. Niacin deficiency 19. Liver disease can cause a deficiency of this vitamin because bile is needed to absorb it. a. Vitamin E b. Vitamin C c. Folate d. Vitamin B Best sources of -carotene. a. Fish, chicken, pork b. Whole grains, legumes and dairy c. Carrots, pumpkin, cantaloupe, broccoli, sweet potatoes d. Liver, steak 21. A function of vitamin C. a. Collagen synthesis b. Helps to recharge vitamin E c. Promotes iron and chromium absorption d. All the above 22. Absorbed into and carried by the lymphatic system. a. Vitamin D b. Vitamin E c. Vitamins K and A d. All the above! Putman/Pierce College Nut&101 07px practice exam/ /page 3

4 23. Form of vitamin A necessary for vision; is used up when vision is being used, so must be replaced by diet. a. Thiamin b. Retinal c. Retinoic acid d. Niacin 24. Which is not a characteristic of vitamin E? a. Supplements above DRI reduce risk of stroke and various cancers b. Inhibits heart disease c. DRI levels inhibit oxidation of fatty acids and cholesterol d. Inhibits inflammation and blood clotting 25. Taking high (toxic) levels of niacin over time may produce all of the following symptoms except for which? a. Red prickling of the skin b. Sweating c. Reduced blood sugar d. Blindness 26. Found in fatty and oily foods. a. Vitamins D, E, K and A b. Folic acid c. Vitamins B 6 and B 12 d. All the above! 27. Made by skin from cholesterol as stimulated by uv light. a. Vitamin K b. Niacin c. Riboflavin d. Vitamin D 28. Not a good dietary source of thiamin: a. White rice b. Baked sweet potato c. Dry-roasted peanuts or macadamia nuts d. Black beans; pork chops 29. Very dangerous to take high-level supplements of these vitamins: a. Folic acid and riboflavin b. Vitamins A and D c. Vitamins C and thiamin d. Biotin and pantothenic acid Putman/Pierce College Nut&101 07px practice exam/ /page 4

5 30. Toxic in high doses a. Niacin b. Vitamin B 12 c. Biotin d. Pantothenic acid 31. Deficiency of this vitamin can cause xerosis of the skin and linings of the digestive tract, as well as blindness. a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin A c. Niacin d. Riboflavin 32. Vitamin E supplements decrease the risk of Alzheimer s disease as well as increase cognitive abilities. 33. Non-toxic form of vitamin A. a. Retinoic acid b. Pantothenic acid c. -carotene d. Retinol 34. Which is not a characteristic of dry beriberi? a. Impaired memory and cognitive abilities b. Impaired motor control and coordination; tingling in hands and feet c. Can be cured simply by feeding whole foods such as whole grains to patients d. Patients usually die of congestive heart failure 35. Stored in liver tissue a. -carotene b. Retinoic acid c. Retinol d. Retinal 36. Helps maintain normal homocysteine levels, thus inhibits heart disease and stroke. a. Niacin b. Thiamin c. Vitamin C d. Folate 37. You ingest too much of this non-toxic vitamin, you turn yellow! a. Thiamin b. -carotene c. Pantothenic acid Putman/Pierce College Nut&101 07px practice exam/ /page 5

6 d. Vitamin E 38. Has highest amounts of active vitamin A per serving. a. Hard cheese b. Eggs c. Liver d. Carrots 39. Osteomalacia a. Caused by vitamin D and/or calcium deficiency in adults. b. Symptom: Bones hurt when stressed. c. Can be prevented by getting enough outdoor exercise with a nutritious diet. d. All the above! 40. Pregnant women, or women thinking becoming pregnant, should take prenatal vitamins containing folic acid. 41. On sunny days, light-skinned people need about how much exposure to the sun for adequate vitamin D synthesis? a. 5 minutes b. 15 minutes c. 30 minutes d. 1 hour 42. There are four forms of vitamin E, all interconvertable from -tocopherol. 43. Eating a bowl of Cheerios can help prevent spina bifida. 44. Too much of this toxic vitamin can cause blurred vision, headaches, nausea, weakened bones and teeth, stunted growth, hair loss, and birth defects in babies. a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin A (retinol) c. Folic acid d. Pantothenic acid 45. The UL for folic acid is 400 mcg. Putman/Pierce College Nut&101 07px practice exam/ /page 6

7 46. Dark-skinned people may need up to 3 hours of sunlight exposure to synthesize enough of this vitamin. a. B 12 b. B 6 c. D d. K 47. High folic acid supplementation may mask the effects of a. Biotin b. Pantothenic acid c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin B Niacin flush may be inhibited by taking a. Aspirin about ½ hour before taking niacin b. Folic acid at the same time as the niacin c. Calcium at the same time as the niacin d. B 6 about ½ hour before taking niacin 49. Maintains blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium absorption from food and inhibiting calcium loss from urine. a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin D c. Biotin d. Vitamin A 50. Low levels of niacin supplementation may lower the risk of mouth, throat and esophagus cancer. c. True, but only in women 51. Needed for normal development, especially of the spinal cord and nervous system, both in adults and in embryos/fetuses. a. Niacin b. Folic acid c. Riboflavin d. Thiamin 52. Which is not true about riboflavin? a. Easily destroyed by uv light, so should not store milk in glass bottles b. Deficiency may produce a painful, purplish tongue; needed for normal light sensitivity of eyes c. Needed for normal immune system d. Good dietary sources include nuts, eggs, legumes, meats and veggies! Putman/Pierce College Nut&101 07px practice exam/ /page 7

8 53. Niacin deficiency impairs your memory; niacin supplementation, over and above the DRI, improves your memory. 54. Which is not true about vitamin D? a. Needed for healthy bone growth and maintenance b. Inhibits depression c. Inhibits inflammation d. Increases hypertension 55. Which is not true about folate? a. Aspirin interferes with the absorption of folate from food. b. Alcohol increases folate excretion from the body. c. Cardiologists recommend heart patients avoid taking folic acid supplements. d. Pregnant women, or women who may become pregnant, should take folate supplements. 56. Which vitamin is stored in your body for up to six years, so you don t have to include it in your daily diet? a. B 12 b. Niacin c. Biotin d. B Taking too many vitamin D supplements may result in which? a. Increased urination and calcium deposits in arteries and the kidneys b. Pain, chills and nausea c. Too much calcium in the blood d. All the above! 58. Which would not result from giving an infant too much vitamin K at birth? a. Impaired blood clotting b. Hemolysis of red blood cells c. Jaundice d. Brain damage 59. All of the following are good dietary sources of vitamin D. Which is the best (highest)? a. 1 cup of fortified milk b. 3 oz salmon c. 3 oz tuna d. 1 cup of fortified orange juice 60. Although bacteria make about half of our vitamin K, we do need to get the rest of our vitamin K from food. Putman/Pierce College Nut&101 07px practice exam/ /page 8

9 61. Vitamin E supplements may reduce the risk of bladder cancer. 62. High levels of vitamin E supplementation inhibit the action of vitamin K, thus increasing the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. 63. General symptoms of B vitamin deficiencies include all of the following except which? a. Exhaustion; anemia; impaired thinking ability and memory b. Impaired calcification of bones; weak, brittle bones c. Inability to walk properly; loss of motor control d. Cracking skin and rashes 64. Vitamin E deficiency is common among Americans. 65. Vitamin K deficiency symptoms: a. Internal blood clotting b. Red spots on skin c. Brittle bones d. Loose teeth 66. Chronic alcohol abuse interferes with the absorption of a. Thiamin b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin A d. Niacin 67. The body can turn the amino acid tryptophan into niacin, so tryptophan-rich proteins help to lower blood cholesterol levels. 68. It is virtually impossible to ingest toxic levels of vitamin E from whole foods. 69. Vitamin K deficiency would impair a. Blood clotting b. Bone formation and repair c. a and b d. None of the above Putman/Pierce College Nut&101 07px practice exam/ /page 9

10 70. Supplements of this vitamin may help with migraine headaches. a. Niacin b. Riboflavin c. Thiamin d. Vitamin C 71. Good niacin sources include foods containing tryptophan. Which of the following do not contain niacin? a. Tuna, salmon, sardines b. Beef, pork, chicken c. Fresh corn; wheat, barley, oats d. FRINT-fortified whole wheat and other grains 72. To facilitate normal blood clotting, neonates are given, right after birth a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin K c. Vitamin E d. Biotin 73. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of a. Vitamin E b. Biotin c. Thiamin d. Vitamin C 74. The following foods all provide vitamin C. Which provide all of the vitamin C you need daily? a. ½ of a guava or 1 large kiwi fruit b. ½ cup of orange juice c. ½ cup broccoli d. ½ cup strawberries 75. Which is not a general function of B vitamins: a. Release energy from carbs, fats and proteins b. Synthesize hormones c. Promote iron and calcium absorption d. Maintain immune system 76. Brain degeneration, withering of heart and skeletal muscles, and neurological problems, including impaired motor and cognitive abilities, may result from thiamin deficiencies seen in alcoholism. 77. Anemia can be caused by a. High vitamin D supplementation Putman/Pierce College Nut&101 07px practice exam/ /page 10

11 b. Insufficient folic acid and/or insufficient B 12 in the diet c. Insufficient vitamin C in the diet d. All the above! 78. Riboflavin deficiency may be diagnosed by a. Eyes sensitive to light, cracks at corners of mouth + purplish, smooth tongue b. Brittle bones, exhaustion + black tongue c. Rashes, cracks at corners of mouth, exhaustion d. Brittle bones, red tongue 79. Discovered by Drs. Takaki Kanehiro and Christiann Eijkmann by comparing sailors and prisoners fed white rice with those fed whole-grain rice. a. Vitamin C b. Thiamin c. Riboflavin d. Niacin 80. Which is not a characteristic of wet beriberi? a. Shortness of breath b. Wasting of muscles, including diaphragm and heart c. Patients usually recover simply by administering a proper diet d. Patients may die of heart failure 81. Which is not a function of riboflavin? a. Normal vision b. Healthy skin c. Part of energy metabolism d. All the above are functions of riboflavin! 82. Niacin deficiency is associated with which pathology? a. Rickets b. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome c. Pellagra d. Anemia 83. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, seen in alcoholics, is caused by alcohol inhibiting the absorption of niacin. 84. A dietary source of thiamin is cold cereal such as Cheerios and breads. 85. Although niacin helps to synthesis sterols from cholesterol, thus lowering blood cholesterol levels, niacin supplements also elevate blood sugar levels, so are not good for diabetics. Putman/Pierce College Nut&101 07px practice exam/ /page 11

12 86. Folic acid (folate) was first extracted from a. Beef liver b. Legumes c. Beet greens d. Spinach 87. Deficiency in all of the following except for which may result in anemia? a. B 12, pantothenic acid b. Vitamin C c. Thiamin, biotin d. Folic acid, B Which is not true about pernicious anemia? a. Autoimmune disease b. Cells lining stomach don t make intrinsic factor c. Intrinsic factor needed for B 12 absorption d. Seen mostly in very young children 89. The rates of spina bifida and anencephaly in neonates have been dropping markedly due to government regulation of cereals and other grain products. 90. Which of the following does not contain any vitamin B 12? a. Legumes with whole grains (cooked with tomatoes) b. Clams and oysters c. Steak and chicken d. Milk, cheese and eggs 91. Vitamin B 12 is especially needed for a. Muscle development b. Blood cell formation and nervous system development/maintenance c. Health of the skin d. Collagen synthesis 92. Vitamin B 12 deficiency leads to a. Irreversible damage to nervous system and anemia b. Anemia only, which can be reversed through folate supplementation c. PEM which can be reversed through niacin supplementation d. Nervous system damage that can be reversed through B 12 supplementation 93. Folic acid supplementation is indicated for which group? a. Alcoholics Putman/Pierce College Nut&101 07px practice exam/ /page 12

13 b. Women who are pregnant or who may become pregnant c. Cardiac or vascular disease patients plus people who take an aspirin a day to help thin the blood d. All the above! 94. A diet that does not include any animal-sourced foods whatsoever may lead to irreversible nervous system damage. 95. Vitamin B6 deficiency is rare; which foods do not contain significant amounts of vitamin B 6? a. 3 oz beef liver or a cup of Cheerios b. A hamburger from McDonalds! c. Baked potato or a banana or a ½ cup of steamed spinach d. All the above contain significant amounts of B 6! 96. Alcoholics may suffer from both thiamin and folic acid deficiency. 97. All of the following foods contain folic acid. Which is highest? a. ½ cup lentils b. ½ cup steamed spinach c. ½ cup steamed broccoli d. 3 oz liver 98. Vegans are particularly susceptible to vitamin B 12 deficiency. 99. Which is not a symptom of vitamin B6 deficiency? a. Greasy, scaly skin; cracks, ulcers at corner of mouth b. Impaired immune system, thus frequent infections c. Increased risk of heart disease; neurological problems d. Red splotches on skin 100. Supplements of this vitamin can be used to significantly lower blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. a. Biotin b. Riboflavin c. Niacin d. Pantothene 101. Vegetarians can obtain vitamin B 12 by eating cold cereals and supplements. Putman/Pierce College Nut&101 07px practice exam/ /page 13

14 102. Vitamin B 6 is needed to convert tryptophan into niacin Which two vitamins help us convert amino acids into glucose? a. B 12 and folate b. Biotin and pantothenic acid c. Biotin and B 6 d. Vitamin C and biotin 104. Which is not a symptom of biotin deficiency? a. Hair loss b. Scaly, red rash on genitals and face c. Birth defects d. Loss of teeth; red blotches on the face 105. Most whole foods contain biotin, so biotin deficiency is rare Needed for synthesis of fatty acids (triglycerides) and cholesterol; also necessary for proper liver function. a. Biotin b. B 6 c. Riboflavin d. Pantothenic acid 107. All of the following are good sources of pantothenic acid. Which contains the most? a. 8 oz yogurt b. 3 oz chicken c. ½ avocado d. 1 egg Unit 07 Practice Exam KEY: 1c, 2b, 3c, 4a, 5b, 6c, 7d, 8b, 9b, 10a, 11c, 12b, 13d, 14a, 15c, 16d, 17b, 18b, 19a, 20c, 21d, 22d, 23b, 24c, 25c, 26a, 27d, 28a, 29b, 30a, 31b, 32b, 33c, 34d, 35c, 36d, 37b, 38c, 39d, 40a, 41b, 42a, 43a, 44b, 45b, 46c, 47d, 48a, 49b, 50a, 51b, 52c, 53b, 54d, 55c, 56a, 57d, 58a, 59b, 60a, 61a, 62a, 63b, 64b, 65c, 66a, 67a, 68a, 69c, 70b, 71c, 72b, 73d, 74a, 75c, 76a, 77d, 78a, 79b, 80c, 81d, 82c, 83b, 84a, 85a, 86d, 87c, 88d, 89a, 90a, 91b, 92a, 93d, 94a, 95d, 96a, 97d, 98a, 99d, 100d, 101a, 102a, 103c, 104d, 105a, 106d, 107a. Putman/Pierce College Nut&101 07px practice exam/ /page 14