e-navigation and Novel Maritime Communications

Transcription

1 e-navigation and Novel Maritime Communications User Requirements, Technological Opportunities and Challenges Fritz Bekkadal Maritim innovasjon 2007 Det Norske Veritas, Høvik november

2 e-navigation is the harmonized creation, collection, integration, exchange and presentation of maritime information on board and ashore by electronic means to enhance berth-to-berth navigation and related services, for safety and security at sea and protection of the marine environment. [IMO s NAV subcommittee] which is judged to be unachievable without an encompassing implementation of highly developed communication means! 2

3 Present maritime digital communication NAVTEX HF, MF 300 bps DSC VHF 1.2 kbps Loran-C Access via NMEA kbps AIS VHF 9.6 kbps GPS Access via NMEA kbps LRIT Short messages, Satellite 100 bits/hour EPIRB Short messages, Satellite 100 bits/hour SSAS Short messages, Satellite 100 bits/day SafetyNET NAVTEX over Inmarsat 100 messages /day Some ships have digital data links via Satellite 3

4 Possible novel (terrestrial) solutions WiMAX WiFi/WLAN GSM/EDGE/UMTS 3G/LTE Digital VHF (D-VHF, VDL ) CDMA 450 (ref. ICE) Reclaimed VHF/UHF TV-bands? VHF/UHF-WiMAX (?) Hybrid wireless solutions (with seamless handover and roaming) This requires rapid standardization, if it is going to be used in e-navigation! 4

5 The MarCom Project 5

6 The MarCom Consortium Project information: Duration: Budget: Total: 32 MNOK Financial support from the Norwegian Research Council s MAROFF program: 15 MNOK Project Administrator: Mobikom Project Manager: 28 partners 6

7 Application areas The High North Long-Range Safety, Surveillance, Aids to Navigation Environment Technical Operations, Reporting Short messaging Safety at Sea (SAR) Service Platform On-board LAN Communications vessel-land Broadband at Sea IO, Safety, SAR, Infortainment, Critical Operations SAAB Transpondertekonologi 7

8 Source: ACIA Mainland area: (58 N - 71 N, 5 E - 31 E): km² EEZ: km² Svalbard protection zone: km² Jan Mayen protection zone: km² 2 mill. km² Straight coast baseline: km Continental coastline: km Norway's large territory and economic zone makes radio technology crucial to the endurance of our environment, industry and business! 8

9 MarCom User Communities Commercial Shipping vessels, cruise ships, high-speed crafts, personal vessels, fishing vessels, offshore installations (incl. search and supply utilities), aquaculture installations (incl. transportation facilities ) Scientific Research vessels, unattended buoy platforms (w/sensors: weather, environment ), autonomous underwater utilities, unattended offshore and onshore observation sites Homeland Security Coast Guard cutters, deployable pursuit boats, possibly Navy and first responders near the coast 9

10 Norwegian coastal waters The major part of our coastal traffic takes place within 20 nm (< 40 km) User Platforms: Maritime/Marine Boats/ships ranging from small personal watercraft to cruise ship size for all user types: Shipping vessels, research vessels, yachts, fishing vessels, Coast Guard cutters etc. Offshore oil/gas production installations, searching rigs/vessels, supply vessels Aquaculture installations, supply and service vessels Buoys ranging from small (<1 m in diameter) to very large (up to 25 m in diameter), both freefloating and moored Land-based Shore-based observation towers and other facilities, Research centers, Surveillance facilities, First Responder Agency Headquarters, Users of personal communication equipment (laptops, PDAs etc.) near the coast 10

11 R&D Focus Areas A. Communication vessel land B. Generic scaleable service platform Supplemented by a Smart Router [ AMCA ( Agile MarCom Adapter )] C. Optimized maritime mobile LAN designs MarCom will all together address the emerging convergence between Communications, Surveillance and Navigation (ref. e-navigation and e-maritime) 11

12 R&D Arena Framework GNSS A B B C 12

13 Communication Challenges Extending coverage and range at sea for both in-use and novel terrestrial wireless systems/technologies, e.g.: WiMAX WiFi/WLAN GSM/EDGE/UMTS 3G/LTE Digital VHF (D-VHF, VDL ) CDMA 450 (ref. Ice) Reclaimed VHF/UHF TV-bands? Finding appropriate SatCom solutions to complement the terrestrial ones, mainly beyond their coverage, e.g.: BGAN (Inmarsat) VSAT; DVD-RCS(/S2) Molniya orbits (?) Obtaining seamless and continuous handover and roaming within and between the pertinent systems 13

14 Radio engineering challenges Radio propagation over sea Antennas and transceivers Interference; EMC/EMI Repeaters Mobile Multi-hop relay (MMR) Mesh Networking Multi-system switching Novel communication platforms! New/reclaimed frequency resources! 14

15 Mobile Multi-hop Relay (MMR)- e.g WiMAX A system enabling mobile stations to communicate with a base station through intermediate relay stations Relay: Dedicated carrier owned infrastructure Tree based topology One end of the path is the base station MMR-base station (MMR-BS): A base station compliant with amendment IEEE j to IEEE Standard e Relay station (RS) Type: Fixed relay station (FRS): RS permanently installed at a fixed location Nomadic relay station (NRS): RS operating from a location fixed for periods of time comparable to a user session Mobile relay station (MRS): RS operating while in motion 15

16 Mesh Networking Mesh: Routing by subscriber equipment Multiple connections Mesh topology A mixture of fixed and mobile nodes interconnected via wireless links to form a multihop ad-hoc network A wireless multi-hop ad hoc network amongst ships, marine beacons and buoys Static and dynamic nodes Connected to the terrestrial networks via land stations at shore A kind of VANET/MANET ( Vehicular/Mobile Ad Hoc Network ), with: mobility pattern unlike terrestrial VANET, and time-varying received signal quality and wave occlusions due to sea surface movements 16

17 The MarCom WiCAN Concept (Wireless Coastal Area Network) Internet 17

18 Pertinent SatCom Technologies BGAN (Inmarsat) VSAT; DVD-RCS(/S2) Molniya orbits (?) 18

19 Covering the High North Theoretical limit for GEO satellite (0 o elevation) 5 o elevation (El) with optimum satellite Practical problems with standard SatCom beyond 70 o N (< 8 o El.) 19

20 Satellite orbits + Apogeum Tundra HEO Molniya LEO MEO GEO Perigeum LEO: Low Elliptical Orbit (Height: km) MEO: Medium Elliptical Orbit (Height: GEO, normally: km) GEO: Geostationary Orbit (Height: km) HEO: High Elliptical Orbit (Height: km) 20

21 Wireless Broadband - Technical Challenges: Crowded radio spectrum 21

22 Released VHF/UHF TV-bands The spectral sirloin The frequencies below 1 GHz, and especially the range 200 MHz-1 GHz, is deemed the most valuable we possess St.meld. nr. 44 ( )-Om digitalt bakkenett for fjernsyn (National assembly white paper on Digital Terrestrial Television - DTT ) Memo from NPT dated to the Ministry of Transport and Communications: Future use of the frequency bands MHz and MHz Alternative to DTT for these frequency bands? A suggestion supported by some is to use these bands for radio access (Fixed Wireless Access), a technology so far being offered mostly to the professional market. Roughly speaking it is a point-tomultipoint system, where one transmitter is servicing several receivers, the actual frequency range being planned for bidirectional communications 22

23 Summing up e-navigation requires highly developed communication means Novel terrestrial technologies are well suited for coastal maritime communications, provided enhanced coverage and range is achieved Mobile Multi-hop Relay and Mesh Networking Reclaimed UHF TV-bands UHF/VHF WiMAX (?) Novel SatCom systems may be utilized to complement/supplement the terrestrial systems, e.g. to fill in coverage gaps and at deep sea Obtaining seamless and continuous handover and roaming represents a primary challenge The High North needs even more advanced and powerful solutions HEO-satellites (Molniya orbits) (?) Crowded frequency spectrum represents a crucial limitation Reclaiming UHF TV-bands within The spectral sirloin region (?) 23

24 Thank you! 24