Unit 10 Lesson 5 China Reunifies -- the Tang and Song Achievements

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1 Unit 10 Lesson 5 China Reunifies -- the Tang and Song Achievements

2 Lesson 5 Read each sentence. Fill in the blank with the word in the word pair that best completes the sentence. 1. The was a time when China was split into several competing kingdoms that were ruled by military leaders. (Age of Buddhism/Period of Disunion) 2. After the Tang dynasty fell, China was divided into separate kingdoms competing for power in a period known as the. (Age of Buddhism/Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms) 3. the period from 400 to 845 can be called the due to the influence Buddhism had on Chinese culture. (Age of Buddhism/Period of Disunion) 4. In 960 China was reunified under the, which like the Tang dynasty was a period of great accomplishments. (Song dynasty/period of Disunion) 5. During the, Chinese power and influence reached all of east and Southeast Asia, as well as much of Central Asia. (Tang dynasty/period of Disunion)

3 Generalization: Big Idea The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties the Tang and Song dynasties were period of economic, cultural and technological accomplishments.

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5 Period of Disunion ( ) - collapse of Han Dynasty split China into several kingdoms - ruled by military leaders - cultural diffusion between Chinese and some nomadic peoples - blending of cultures between northern and southern China - resulted in a more widespread general Chinese culture - main ideas- how did Chinese culture change during the Period of Disunion? New types of art, music, food and clothing styles developed as a result of the mixing of cultures.

6 The Sui Dynasty - ended Period of Disunion Yang Jian unified China - restored order - began the Grand Canal

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9 The Tang Dynasty - began 618 (lasted 300 years) - government official overthrew the Sui - expanded China - considered a Golden Age Taizong - expanded lands - reformed the military - created law codes Xuanzong - -analyze- why is the Tang dynasty considered a golden age of Chinese civilization? Because many laws, reforms, poems and other cultural achievements during the dynasty led to the growth and prosperity of China

10 Empress Wu - only women to rule China

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12 Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ( ) - 53 year period of disorder - began with the fall of the Tang Dynasty - China broke into competing kingdoms

13 The Age of Buddhism ( ) - influenced many aspects of Chinese culture - arrived in China during the Han Dynasty but few followers - grew during the Period of Disunion - offered comfort in its teachings - wealthily had temples built - during Sui and Tang Dynasties, Buddhism spread - Japan, Korea and other Asian lands -explain- why did people turn to Buddhism during the Period of Disunion? People took comfort in the Buddhist teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace - explain- what influence did Buddhism have in China? It influenced architecture, art, and literature and even spread to Japan, Korea and other Asian lands

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15 Age ended when Tang Dynasty turned against the religion - burned Buddhist texts - confiscated land from Buddhists monks - destroyed temples - weakened Buddhist influenced - began to blend with other philosophies, especially Confucianism and Daoism - draw conclusions- why might the Tang emperor have wanted to end the age of Buddhism? He felt threatened by its power, did not agree with its teachings

16 Agriculture - northern China - wheat, barley and other grains - southern China - rice

17 Song Dynasty - dragon backbone pump - new irrigation techniques - allowed one person to do the work of many - increased amount of farmland - farms became more productive - new fast-ripening rice (multiple crops per year) - agricultural surplus - more taxes to government - abundance of food both rural and urban - increased population -draw conclusion- how were agricultural surpluses related to the growth of cities? the extra food grown in the country could feed more people in cities, which grew - cause and effect how did agriculture affect population growth? Due to agricultural advances, food became abundant, which led to population growth.

18 China divided between two empires in 1127

19 North - controlled by Manchurians - took the Sung emperor prisoner - capital Peking called the Chin Dynasty

20 South - controlled by Sung Dynasty - capital Hangchow - fell because of weak military and corrupt government officials - conquered by the Mongols in 1279

21 City Life - Chang an Tang s largest city (1 million) - mix of many cultures - religious and philosophical center Grand Canal - series of waterways that linked major cities Peasants under the Sung - lived in poverty - high taxes and forced labor in public works Women in the Sung - few rights and considered inferior to men - had to walk 10 paces behind their husbands - practice of foot binding -analyze- how were Chinese trade cities unique? They were a mix of people form many cultures and religious and were quite large in populations.

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23 International Trade - Tang Dynasty - mostly land routes - India and Southwest Asia - Korea and Japan - exported tea, rice, spices, jade and silk - Song Dynasty - maritime trade routes - Pacific ports open to foreign traders - developed and exported porcelain - Created a strong economy - first paper money system - merchants rose in social status -identify cause and effect- what result did China s trade with other lands have on Chinese society? It led to the rise of merchants in Chinese society. -evaluate- how important do you think trade was in China? Why? -reading check- how far did China s trade routes extend? As far as India and Southwest Asia, into Korea and Japan Very important; it brought great wealth to China from foreign lands and united different regions of the empire

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25 Inventions - Paper - wood block printing - Gunpowder - started as fireworks later used in weapons - Magnetic compass - Moveable type printing - Paper money

26 The Influence of Confucianism -elaborate- why do you think - Focus on ethics in individuals and government Neo-Confucianism appealed to - Conduct lives according to two basic principles - ren concern for others - li appropriate behavior many people? It included spiritual matters and ethics - Order was maintained when people knew their place and behaved appropriately Confucianism official philosophy during Han Dynasty, but later overshadowed by Buddhism Neo-Confucianism - still taught proper behavior, but also stressed spiritual matters -explain- why did Confucianism decline in popularity during the Period of Disunion? People turned to Buddhism for comfort in the troubled times of the Period of Disunion. -reading check- how did Neo-Confucianism differ from Confucianism? Neo-Confucianism emphasized both spiritual matters and proper behavior, whereas Confucianism focused on ethical behavior -make generalizations- why do you think the Song and later governments emphasized New- Confucianism? The emphasis on proper behavior would encourage people to obey their government; they saw problems in the government they hoped to eliminate by emphasizing Neo-Confucianism

27 Scholar-Officials - Song Dynasty developed a Civil Service Exam - way for people to join the bureaucracy - had to pass a series of written exams - based on Confucianism - only the best were given positions - became the elite of society - respect of the population - reduced penalties - often became wealthy -make inferences- why do you think the civil service examination system was created? To ensure that only the most qualified officials ran the government and to improve government efficiency - designed to make sure the most talented and intelligent people were in the best positions -make inferences- why did the civil service examination system help bring stability to the Song government? It ensured that government officials were intelligent and talented, which made the government better and more stable -elaborate- why were Chain s civil service examinations so difficult? The scholar-official was a very elite member of society, so they had to prove that they were worthy of the position. The exams filtered out people who may not have been suited for the position.

28 Difficult Exams - Students had to memorize entire Confucian texts - To pass the most difficult tests, students might study for more than 20 years - Some exams lasted up to 72 hours, and students were locked in private rooms while taking them - Some dishonest students cheated by copying Confucius s works on the inside of their clothes, paying bribes to the test graders or paying someone else to take the test for them - To prevent cheating, exam halls were often locked and guraded

29 1. The broken line on the map shows the extent of what empire? 2. What man-made structure formed part of the empire s northern border? 3. What Desert was north of the Han empire? 4. Name the mountains found west and south of the Tibetan plateau. 5. Name the two lakes shown on the map. 6. Which mountain range was north of the empire? 7. Was the Tarim Basin a part of the Han Empire?