Cloud Computing #6 - Virtualization
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1 Cloud Computing #6 - Virtualization Main source: Smith & Nair, Virtual Machines, Morgan Kaufmann, 2005
2 Today What do we mean by virtualization? Why is it important to cloud? What is the penalty? Current trends
3 Virtualization CPU virtualization Memory virtualization Storage virtualization Device virtualization
4 Cloud Motives Server Consolidation Improve utilisation (possible to overcommit) Significant cost savings (equipment, space, power) Simplified Management Datacenter provisioning and monitoring Dynamic load balancing Migration (dead or alive) Improved Availability Checkpointing Fault tolerance Disaster recovery Replication Security Isolation Convenient for users
5 Cloud Resource Management
6 Cloud Resource Management
7 Cloud Resource Management
8 Yesterday s News Classical VMM IBM S/360, IBM VM/370 Co-designed proprietary hardware, OS, VMM Trap and emulate model Applications Timeshare several single-user OS instances on expensive hardware Compatibility From IBM VM/370 product announcement, ca. 1972
9 Original Motives 65 Multiprogramming Multiple single application VMs Multiple secure environments Managed application environments Mixed OS environments Legacy applications New systems transitions Software development OS training Help desk support Operating system instrumentation Event monitoring Check pointing
10 System VM vs Process VM
11 Virtualization Interfaces OS ISA Instruction Set Architecture Compiler ABI Application Binary Interface User ISA + ABI Application API Application Programming Interface User ISA + API
12 VM Taxonomy
13 VM Taxonomy App App App App Guest OS Guest OS VMM/Hypervisor Hardware Virtual Machine Monitor Type-1: bare metal VMM = Hypervisor OS/370 (CP), VMWare ESXi Type-2: hosted KVM, VirtualBox App App App App Guest OS Guest OS VMM Host OS Hardware
14 Where is the PaaS & IaaS?
15 Popek & Goldberg 74 Popek & Goldberg 74
16 guest host state mapping instruction sequence existence of map & instruction sequences such that: Popek & Goldberg 74
17 Essential Properties of a VMM Equivalence: Running on VMM = Running directly on HW Performance: Performance on VMM Performance on HW Resource control: The VMM must have complete control of the virtualized resources Popek & Goldberg 74
18 When is it possible to fulfil these requirements? Popek & Goldberg 74
19 A Few Definitions Privileged instructions (PI): must generate trap when executed in any but the most privileged level Execute in privileged mode, trap in user mode Privileged state: determines resource allocation Privilege mode, addressing context, exception vectors,... Sensitive instructions (SI): instructions whose behavior depends on the current privilege level Control sensitive: change privileged state Behavior sensitive: exposes privileged state Popek & Goldberg 74
20 Virtualizable ISA If: Theorem 1: A VMM may be constructed if the set of SI s is a subset of the set of PI s Popek & Goldberg 74
21 Virtualization Approaches Trap-and-emulate Binary translation Paravirtualization Hardware-assisted Virtualization
22 Trap & Emulate privileged instruction GuestOS De-privileging Run guest OS in trap resource emulate change unprivileged mode Privileged instructions trap, and VMM emulates change vmm resource Execute guest instructions on real CPU when possible
23 Binary Translation Interpret the binary code Replace privileged instructions Dynamic or static Use cache to speed up Hosted VM Popularised by VMWare on x86
24 Paravirtualization Less of a duplicate for better performance OS or system devices are virtualization aware Recompile the OS Guest applications unaffected Popularised by XEN for x86
25 Virtualization Timeline
26 Next Hardware virtualization (Robert Marklund) Containers & Docker (Linus)
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