A Transformer May Look Like This
|
|
- Randell Stewart
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Transformer Basics
2 A Transformer May Look Like This
3
4
5
6
7 Any transformer consists of the following three basic parts in it. Primary coil Secondary coil Transformer (Magnetic) core
8 1. Primary coil The primary coil is the coil to which the source is connected. It may be the high voltage side or low voltage side of the transformer. An alternating flux is produced in the primary coil. 2. Secondary coil The output is taken from the secondary coil. The alternating flux produced in the primary coil passes through the core and links with there coil and hence emf is induced in this coil. 3. Magnetic core The flux produced in the primary passes through this magnetic core. It is made up of laminated soft iron core. It provides support to the coil and also provides a low reluctance path for the flux.
9 Construction of Power and Distribution Transformers Construction Core Type High voltage Shell Type Less leakage flux Type of Cooling Ventilated Dry-Type Transformers They are cooled by natural air convection. Gas-Filled Dry-Type Transformers Cooled with nitrogen or other gases Liquid-Immersed Transformers Hermetically sealed tanks with insulated liquid (mineral oil, silicone oil)
10 Transformer Types In a step-down transformer, the secondary voltage is less than the primary voltage and Nsec < Npri In a step-up transformer, the secondary voltage is greater than the primary voltage and Nsec > Npri Step Up Transformer In an isolation transformer, the secondary voltage is equal to the primary voltage and Nsec = Npri
11 Faraday s Law Principle of Transformer Action d e N e N dt d dt The same flux (mutual flux) exists in both coils. Flux is generated by i 1 (right-hand rule). The induced emf e 1 and e 2 are generated to oppose the buildup of flux in its window. i 2 is generated by the induced emf e 2. In DC, the induced emfs are transients, in steady state: AC Assuming: Core permeability constant No leakage flux p p max s s d 0 e 1 e 2 0 dt E 4.44N f E 4.44N f E E p s N N p s max
12 Transformer V P V S N P N S - is the Primary Voltage - is the Secondary Voltage - is the Number of Primary Windings - is the Number of Secondary Windings Φ (phi) - is the Flux Linkage
13 Example A ideal transformer having 90 turns on the primary and 2250 turns on the secondary is connected to a 120 V, 60Hz source. What is the effective voltage across the secondary terminals? Solution: N 2 N1 = E 2 E = E = E E 2 = = 3000 V
14 Example An ideal transformer having 90 turns on the primary and 2250 turns on the secondary is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz source. The load across the secondary draws a current of 2 A. What is the effective value of the primary current? Solution: N 2 N1 = I 1 I = I = I 1 2 I 1 = 25 2 = 50 A
15 Single Phase Transformer information: HV 115 kv LV 7200 V Capacity 16,670 KVA Primary amps 16,670, ,000 = 145 amps primary Secondary amps 16,670,000 7,200 = 2315 amps secondary Turns Ratio 115, = 15.97/1 Current ratio Check = 15.97/1 Calculating single phase transformer MVA Voltage X Current 115,000 X 145 amps = 16,675,000= 16.67MVA 7,200 X 2315 amps = 16,668,000 = MVA
16 Transformer efficiency The efficiency of a transformer is the ratio of power delivered to the load (P out ) to the power delivered to the primary (P in ). That is ƞ = P out P in 100% P out = V S 2 R = = 2.25 P in = V p I = = 2.4 ƞ = P out P in 100% = % = 93.75% 94%
17 In-Rush current When connecting an AC source to a transformer circuit the current called the transient component or in-rush current Although the in-rush component to a transformer decays rapidly, dropping to the normal no-load current within 5 to 10 cycles, it may exceed 25 times the full-load rating during the first halfcycle. This high in-rush must be taken into consideration when selecting fuses and/or circuit breakers. The magnitude of the in-rush depends on the magnitude and phase angle of the voltage wave at the instant the switch is closed.
18 Transformer Polarity Transform polarity refers to the relative phase relationship of transformer leads On power transformers the terminals are designated by the symbols H1, and H2 for the high-voltage (HV) winding and by X1, and X2 for the low-voltage (LV) winding. By convention, H1 and X1 have the same polarity. The transformer has either additive or subtractive polarity. A transformer is said to have additive polarity when terminal H1 is diagonally opposite terminal X1 A transformer has subtractive polarity when terminal H1 is adjacent to terminal X1
19
20 Three-Phase Systems Three-phase power is preferred over single-phase power for several important reasons: Three-phase motors, generators, and transformers are simpler, cheaper, and more efficient Three-phase transmission lines can deliver more power for a given weight and cost The voltage regulation of 3-phase transmission lines is inherently better
21 Three Phase Transformers A three-phase transformer can be built by constructing a threephase transformer on a common magnetic structure or can be built by suitably connecting a bank of similar three singlephase transformers Three-phase transformers use much less material than three single-phase transformers for the same three-phase power and voltage ratings. Three-phase transformers have all three phases wound on a single magnetic core or in shell-type and core-type construction. The principal disadvantage of a three-phase transformer, compared with its three-transformer counterpart, is that failure of one phase puts the entire transformer out of service
22 Balanced Three-Phase System Three-phase transformers are required to step up or step down voltages in the various stages of power transmission. The primary and secondary windings may be connected in either wye (Y) or delta (Δ) configurations. There are therefore four possible connections for a three-phase transformer:» Y -Δ» Δ -Y» Δ - Δ» Y-Y
23 Three Phase connections of three Single Phase Transformers
24 Connections Wye connected windings: Have a common connection point Have two voltages available L-L & L-N Has only one current : Line current
25 Connections Delta connected windings: Have no common connection point Have only one voltage available L-L Delta can be closed connected in more than one way Has two currents Line current Phase or winding current
26 Three-phase Voltage and Current Connection Phase Voltage Line Voltage Phase Current Line Current Star V P = V L 3 V L = 3 V P I P = I L I L = I P Delta V P = V L V L = V P I P = I L 3 I L = 3 I P P = 3I L V L or P = 3I PH V PH turn ratio = V PH primary/v PH secondary
27 HS Line 230 kv LS Line 23 kv Transformer 3 Ø 230/13280/23000 Gnd. Wye 25 MVA 230 kv A B C H1 H2 H3 W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 N X1 X2 X3 23 kv a b c
28 HS Line 115 kv LS Line 12 kv Transformer: 3 Ø 115/12000/6928 Gnd. Wye 40MVA Voltage on HS 115 kv. Only one voltage because it is delta Voltage on LS 12,000 & 6,928 because it is wye connected A B C H1 H2 H3 16.6/1 W1 W2 W3 Transformer Ratio 16.6/1 N W4 W5 W6 X1 X2 X3 a b c
29 Transformer Solutions Information: Δ-Υ 230/23kV 25 MVA transformer What is the voltage on High voltage line? What is the voltage on low voltage line? What is the voltage on low voltage phase? What is the voltage across W1, W2, W3? 230 kv (Given) 23 kv (Given) 13,280 kv ( V L L 3) 230 kv (Same as the line for Δ winding) What is the voltage across W4, W5, W6? What is the current in line A, B, C? What is the current in W1, W2, W3? What is the current in W4, W5, W6? 13,280 kv ( L-N voltage) 25 MVA 230,000 3 = MVA 230, = MVA / 23 kv / 3 = amps
30 Transformer Solutions What is the current in line a, b, c? Same as winding W4, W5, W6= amps On the delta side of the transformer The line current 3 = Winding Current ; = Calculating three phase transformer MVA Voltage X Current X three windings 230,000 X 36.3 amps = 8,349,000 x 3 (windings)= 25,047,000 = 25 MVA 13,280 X amps = 8,334,129 X 3 (windings)= 25,002, 388 = 25MVA
31 Transformer Ratio 3 Phase 230/23 kv 25 MVA Transformer is 230/ 23 kv Ratio is NOT this ratio but is the ratio of the voltages across the windings. W1 230 kv, W4 13,280 Ratio is 230,000 / 13,280 = 17.32/1 A B C H1 H2 H3 W 1 W2 W3 Note: W4 current/ W1 current = /36.3 = amps X 13,280 volts = 8.3 MVA 36.3 amps X 230,000 volts = 8.3 MVA 8.3 MVA X 3 (windings) =25 MVA N W4 W5 W6 X1 X2 X3 a b c
32 How Are They Connected? H H H H primary primary H primary H H secondary H H secondary H H secondary H
33 A B C H1 H2 H3 W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 N X1 X2 X3 a b c
34 Both transformers are Δ-Υ but notice the Δ windings are not closed the same A B C H1 H2 H3 W 1 W 2 W 3 N W 4 W 5 W 6 X1 X2 X3 A B C H1 H2 H3 a b c W 1 W 2 W 3 N W 4 W 5 W 6 X1 X2 X3 a b c
35 Transformer Information For Practice Calculations 3Ø, Δ-Υ 115/12 kv 25MVA 3Ø, Δ-Υ 115/23 kv 40 MVA 3Ø, Δ- Δ 23/ 13.8 kv 5 MVA 3Ø Υ- Υ 4160/ MVA 3Ø, Δ- Δ 115/ 13.8 kv 10 MVA 1Ø Υ- Δ 230/22 kv 350 MVA Delta and Wye 3-phase circuits : Electronics Worksheet
THE PER-UNIT SYSTEM. (2) The per-unit values for various components lie within a narrow range regardless of the equipment rating.
THE PER-UNIT SYSTEM An interconnected power system typically consists of many different voltage levels given a system containing several transformers and/or rotating machines. The per-unit system simplifies
More informationHPS Universal. Single and Three Phase Potted. Buck-Boost Transformers. Buck-Boost Applications & Standard Specification... 80
Buck-Boost Transformers Single and Three Phase Potted Buck-Boost Transformers Buck-Boost Applications & Standard Specification... 80 Selecting Buck-Boost Transformers... 81 Single Phase Selection Tables...
More informationUnit 33 Three-Phase Motors
Unit 33 Three-Phase Motors Objectives: Discuss the operation of wound rotor motors. Discuss the operation of selsyn motors. Discuss the operation of synchronous motors. Determine the direction of rotation
More informationTRANSFORMER: THREE PHASE
CONTENTS Transformer : Three Phase 1211 C H A P T E R 33 Learning Objectives Three-phase Transformers Three-phase Transformer Connections Star/Star or Y/Y Connection Delta-Delta or Connection Wye/Delta
More informationTransformer Calculations
Transformer Calculations Transformers Transformers are one of the most basic yet practical devices used today. No matter where you are there is always a transformer nearby. They are used throughout alternating-current
More informationHow To Understand And Understand The Electrical Power System
DOE-HDBK-1011/4-92 JUNE 1992 DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK ELECTRICAL SCIENCE Volume 4 of 4 U.S. Department of Energy Washington, D.C. 20585 FSC-6910 Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release;
More informationTransformers: Basics, Maintenance, and Diagnostics
Basics, Maintenance, and Diagnostics U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation April 2005 Basics, Maintenance, and Diagnostics U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Technical
More informationCoupled Inductors. Introducing Coupled Inductors
Coupled Inductors From power distribution across large distances to radio transmissions, coupled inductors are used extensively in electrical applications. Their properties allow for increasing or decreasing
More informationEE 221 Circuits II. Chapter 13 Magnetically Coupled Circuits
EE Circuits II Chapter 3 Magnetically Coupled Circuits Magnetically Coupled Circuits 3. What is a transformer? 3. Mutual Inductance 3.3 Energy in a Coupled Circuit 3.4 inear Transformers 3.5 Ideal Transformers
More informationJEFFERSON ELECTRIC, INC. Buck-Boost Transformer Application Manual
JEFFERSON ELECTRIC, INC. Buck-Boost Transformer Application Manual Revised on February 15, 2012 Table of Contents I. Introduction... 2 II. Choosing the Proper Transformer... 2 III. Rapid Selector Charts...
More informationDIMENSIONING OF CURRENT TRANSFORMERS FOR PROTECTON APPLICATION
ÿþ üûúùø öõöôùóùõò CT Dimensioning DIMENSIONING OF CURRENT TRANSFORMERS FOR PROTECTON APPLICATION Application note GER3973 1 CT Dimensioning ÿþ üûúùø öõöôùóùõò GER-3973 Application note ÿþ üûúùø öõöôùóùõò
More informationDIRECT CURRENT GENERATORS
DIRECT CURRENT GENERATORS Revision 12:50 14 Nov 05 INTRODUCTION A generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by using the principle of magnetic induction. This principle
More informationDC GENERATOR THEORY. LIST the three conditions necessary to induce a voltage into a conductor.
DC Generators DC generators are widely used to produce a DC voltage. The amount of voltage produced depends on a variety of factors. EO 1.5 LIST the three conditions necessary to induce a voltage into
More informationTransformer circuit calculations
Transformer circuit calculations This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
More informationDrive circuit basics + V. τ e. Industrial Circuits Application Note. Winding resistance and inductance
ndustrial Circuits Application Note Drive circuit basics For a given size of a stepper motor, a limited space is available for the windings. n the process of optimizing a stepper motor drive system, an
More informationCircuits with inductors and alternating currents. Chapter 20 #45, 46, 47, 49
Circuits with inductors and alternating currents Chapter 20 #45, 46, 47, 49 RL circuits Ch. 20 (last section) Symbol for inductor looks like a spring. An inductor is a circuit element that has a large
More informationThree-phase AC circuits
Three-phase AC circuits This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
More informationLine Reactors and AC Drives
Line Reactors and AC Drives Rockwell Automation Mequon Wisconsin Quite often, line and load reactors are installed on AC drives without a solid understanding of why or what the positive and negative consequences
More informationOpen Phase Conditions in Transformers Analysis and Protection Algorithm
Open Phase Conditions in Transformers Analysis and Protection Algorithm Amir Norouzi GE Digital Energy Markham, ON amir.norouzi@ge.com Abstract This paper first provides an in-depth analysis of open phase
More informationAC Generators. Basic Generator
AC Generators Basic Generator A basic generator consists of a magnetic field, an armature, slip rings, brushes and a resistive load. The magnetic field is usually an electromagnet. An armature is any number
More informationSECTION 4 ELECTRIC MOTORS UNIT 17: TYPES OF ELECTRIC MOTORS
SECTION 4 ELECTRIC MOTORS UNIT 17: TYPES OF ELECTRIC MOTORS UNIT OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, the reader should be able to Describe the different types of open single-phase motors used to drive
More informationBasics of Electricity
Basics of Electricity Generator Theory PJM State & Member Training Dept. PJM 2014 8/6/2013 Objectives The student will be able to: Describe the process of electromagnetic induction Identify the major components
More informationTransformer protection
8 Transformer protection 8.1 Introduction The inherent characteristics of power transformers introduce a number of unique problems that are not present in the protection of transmission lines, generators,
More informationINDUCTION REGULATOR. Objective:
INDUCTION REGULATOR Objective: Using a wound rotor induction motor an Induction Regulator, study the effect of rotor position on the output voltage of the regulator. Also study its behaviour under load
More informationACCURACY OF POTENTIALTRANSFORMERS
8 VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS Two types of voltage transformer are used for protective-relaying purposes, as follows: (1) the "instrument potential transformer," hereafter to be called simply "potential transformer,"
More informationPrinciples and Working of DC and AC machines
BITS Pilani Dubai Campus Principles and Working of DC and AC machines Dr Jagadish Nayak Constructional features BITS Pilani Dubai Campus DC Generator A generator consists of a stationary portion called
More informationPower Technology Issue 104. Modeling of Two-Winding Voltage Regulating Transformers for Positive Sequence Load Flow Analysis in PSS E
SIEMENS Siemens Energy, Inc. Power Technology Issue 104 Modeling of TwoWinding Voltage Regulating Transformers for Positive Sequence Load Flow Analysis in PSS E Carlos GrandeMoran, Ph.D. Principal Consultant
More informationDigital Energy ITI. Instrument Transformer Basic Technical Information and Application
g Digital Energy ITI Instrument Transformer Basic Technical Information and Application Table of Contents DEFINITIONS AND FUNCTIONS CONSTRUCTION FEATURES MAGNETIC CIRCUITS RATING AND RATIO CURRENT TRANSFORMER
More information3) What is the difference between "Insulating", "Isolating", and "Shielded Winding" transformers?
Tyco Electronics Corporation Crompton Instruments 1610 Cobb International Parkway, Unit #4 Kennesaw, GA 30152 Tel. 770-425-8903 Fax. 770-423-7194 1) What is a transformer and how does it work? A transformer
More informationFundamentals of Modern Electrical Substations Part 1: Mission of Electrical Substations and their Main Components
Fundamentals of Modern Electrical Substations Part 1: Mission of Electrical Substations and their Main Components Course No: E02-010 Credit: 2 PDH Boris Shvartsberg, Ph.D., P.E., P.M.P. Continuing Education
More information2. A conductor of length 2m moves at 4m/s at 30 to a uniform magnetic field of 0.1T. Which one of the following gives the e.m.f. generated?
Extra Questions - 2 1. A straight length of wire moves through a uniform magnetic field. The e.m.f. produced across the ends of the wire will be maximum if it moves: a) along the lines of magnetic flux
More informationHow To Understand And Understand The Theory Of Electricity
DIRECT CURRENT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT SYSTEMS N. Rajkumar, Research Fellow, Energy Systems Group, City University Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK Keywords: Electrical energy, direct current, alternating
More informationTransformer Design & Design Parameters
Transformer Design & Design Parameters - Ronnie Minhaz, P.Eng. Power Transmission + Distribution GENERATION TRANSMISSION SUB-TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTED POWER 115/10 or 20 kv 500/230 230/13.8
More informationEEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 4
1. Determine the voltage at the generating station and the efficiency of the following system (Figure 1): Both transformers have ratio of 2kV/11kV. The resistance on LV side of both Figure 1: transformers
More information13 ELECTRIC MOTORS. 13.1 Basic Relations
13 ELECTRIC MOTORS Modern underwater vehicles and surface vessels are making increased use of electrical actuators, for all range of tasks including weaponry, control surfaces, and main propulsion. This
More informationSingle and Three Phase Transformer Testing Using Static Motor Circuit Analysis Techniques
Single and Three Phase Transformer Testing Using Static Motor Circuit Analysis Techniques Howard W. Penrose, Ph.D On behalf of ALL-TEST Pro, LLC Old Saybrook, CT Introduction Field and shop testing of
More information3-Phase AC Calculations Revisited
AN110 Dataforth Corporation Page 1 of 6 DID YOU KNOW? Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) came to the United States in 1884 from Yugosiavia. He arrived during the battle of the currents between Thomas Edison, who
More informationANCILLARY EQUIPMENT AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Power Supply Systems and Electrical Equipment for Desalination Plants - Y.M. Hamud and A.H.
POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR DESALINATION PLANTS Y.M. Hamud and A.H. Anwar Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority, Abu Dhabi, UAE Keywords : Electrical System, Network for Desalination,
More informationLast time : energy storage elements capacitor.
Last time : energy storage elements capacitor. Charge on plates Energy stored in the form of electric field Passive sign convention Vlt Voltage drop across real capacitor can not change abruptly because
More informationThe purposes of this experiment are to test Faraday's Law qualitatively and to test Lenz's Law.
260 17-1 I. THEORY EXPERIMENT 17 QUALITATIVE STUDY OF INDUCED EMF Along the extended central axis of a bar magnet, the magnetic field vector B r, on the side nearer the North pole, points away from this
More informationCurrent Transformers. Bonneville Power Administration. Steve Laslo For the Hands On Relay School (3-12) Revision 1.1. February 21, 2012 1
Current Transformers Bonneville Power Administration Steve Laslo For the Hands On Relay School (3-12) Revision 1.1 February 21, 2012 1 Basic Theory: CT as a Voltage Transformer February 21, 2012 2 CT as
More informationSecondary Unit Substations
14 SWITCHGEAR Secondary Unit Substations Overview Siemens offers a wide variety of unit substation designs to meet customer requirements. A unit substation consists of one or more transformers mechanically
More informationWINDING RESISTANCE TESTING
WINDING RESISTANCE TESTING WINDING RESISTANCE TEST SET, MODEL WRT-100 ADWEL INTERNATIONAL LTD. 60 Ironside Crescent, Unit 9 Scarborough, Ontario, Canada M1X 1G4 Telephone: (416) 321-1988 Fax: (416) 321-1991
More informationPower Technology Issue 106. Modeling of Three-Winding Voltage Regulating Transformers for Positive Sequence Load Flow Analysis in PSS E
SIEMENS Siemens Energy, Inc. Power Technology Issue 106 Modeling of Three-Winding Voltage Regulating Transformers for Positive Sequence Load Flow Analysis in PSS E Carlos Grande-Moran, Ph.D. Principal
More informationTable of Contents. TransformerIQ FAQs 1
[12/12] FAQs Table of Contents FAQ 1. What size transformer will TransformerIQ monitor?... 2 FAQ 2. Are there different TransformerIQ versions?... 2 FAQ 3. How are the units powered?... 2 FAQ 4. What is
More informationGenerator Stator Protection, under/over voltage, under /over frequency and unbalanced loading. Ramandeep Kaur Aujla S.NO 250447392
1 Generator Stator Protection, under/over voltage, under /over frequency and unbalanced loading By Ramandeep Kaur Aujla S.NO 250447392 ES 586b: Theory and applications of protective relays Department of
More informationThe Importance of the X/R Ratio in Low-Voltage Short Circuit Studies
The Importance of the X/R Ratio in Low-Voltage Short Circuit Studies DATE: November 17, 1999 REVISION: AUTHOR: John Merrell Introduction In some short circuit studies, the X/R ratio is ignored when comparing
More informationRule 5.500 Fast Track Analysis for National Life Insurance Co.
Rule 5.500 Fast Track Analysis for National Life Insurance Co. For a 500 kw Solar array to be located at 155 Northfield Street in Montpelier, Vermont Green Mountain Power Pam Allen Date: 5/31/13 SECTION
More informationDHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING EE2302 - ELECTRICAL MACHINES II UNIT-I SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
1 DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Constructional details Types of rotors EE2302 - ELECTRICAL MACHINES II UNIT-I SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR PART A 1.
More informationInduction Motor Theory
PDHonline Course E176 (3 PDH) Induction Motor Theory Instructor: Jerry R. Bednarczyk, P.E. 2012 PDH Online PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Phone & Fax: 703-988-0088 www.pdhonline.org
More informationINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 60076-11 First edition 2004-05 Power transformers Part 11: Dry-type transformers This English-language version is derived from the original bilingual publication by leaving out
More informationEE301 Lesson 14 Reading: 10.1-10.4, 10.11-10.12, 11.1-11.4 and 11.11-11.13
CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS Learning Objectives EE301 Lesson 14 a. Define capacitance and state its symbol and unit of measurement. b. Predict the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor. c. Analyze how
More informationUnderstanding the Alternator
http://www.autoshop101.com THIS AUTOMOTIVE SERIES ON ALTERNATORS HAS BEEN DEVELOPED BY KEVIN R. SULLIVAN PROFESSOR OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY AT SKYLINE COLLEGE SAN BRUNO, CALIFORNIA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
More informationChapter 11. Inductors ISU EE. C.Y. Lee
Chapter 11 Inductors Objectives Describe the basic structure and characteristics of an inductor Discuss various types of inductors Analyze series inductors Analyze parallel inductors Analyze inductive
More information1. The diagram below represents magnetic lines of force within a region of space.
1. The diagram below represents magnetic lines of force within a region of space. 4. In which diagram below is the magnetic flux density at point P greatest? (1) (3) (2) (4) The magnetic field is strongest
More informationDiode Applications. by Kenneth A. Kuhn Sept. 1, 2008. This note illustrates some common applications of diodes.
by Kenneth A. Kuhn Sept. 1, 2008 This note illustrates some common applications of diodes. Power supply applications A common application for diodes is converting AC to DC. Although half-wave rectification
More informationCurrent Transformers Ratio / Polarity / Types
CT1 Current Ratio / Polarity / Types Application Current (CT s) are instrument transformers that are used to supply a reduced value of current to meters, protective relays, and other instruments. CT s
More informationPresentation of the France Transfo factories
Presentation of the France Transfo factories France Transfo's internationally recognised and highly esteemed expertise is today exported to more than 80 countries throughout the world. Over the past 15
More informationGUIDE FOR TESTING POWER TRANSFORMERS
GUIDE FOR TESTING POWER TRANSFORMERS Routine test 11/11/02 Pagina 1 di 10 INDEX Introduction... 3 1 Dielectric tests Separate-source voltage withstand test... 4 2 Induced voltage test... 5 3 Voltage ratio
More informationTechnical Information Requirement for MV transformers and transformer for internal power supplies for SUNNY CENTRAL
Technical Information Requirement for MV transformers and transformer for internal power supplies for SUNNY CENTRAL SC_Trafo-TI-en-62 Version 6.2 ENGLISH Table of Contents SMA Solar Technology Table of
More informationOutline. Systems and Signals 214 / 244 & Energy Systems 244 / 344. Ideal Inductor. Ideal Inductor (cont... )
Outline Systems and Signals 214 / 244 & Energy Systems 244 / 344 Inductance, Leakage Inductance, Mutual Inductance & Transformers 1 Inductor revision Ideal Inductor Non-Ideal Inductor Dr. P.J. Randewijk
More informationHow To Wire A Three Phase, Single Phase, Wye Transformer
Three-Phase Transformers When more power is needed - three transformers can be tied together. This is called three-phase. Here s a simple way of comparing single-phase to threephase power. Single-Phase
More informationPower transformers. Special transformers Railway
Power transformers Special transformers Railway A leader in railway systems Our compact and low-weight transformers fully comply with the customer s specifications. The products are developed together
More informationDirection of Induced Current
Direction of Induced Current Bar magnet moves through coil Current induced in coil A S N v Reverse pole Induced current changes sign B N S v v Coil moves past fixed bar magnet Current induced in coil as
More informationInductance. Motors. Generators
Inductance Motors Generators Self-inductance Self-inductance occurs when the changing flux through a circuit arises from the circuit itself. As the current increases, the magnetic flux through a loop due
More informationAC Generators and Motors
AC Generators and Motors Course No: E03-008 Credit: 3 PDH A. Bhatia Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 9 Greyridge Farm Court Stony Point, NY 10980 P: (877) 322-5800 F: (877) 322-4774 info@cedengineering.com
More informationChapter 16. Current Transformer Design. Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 16 Current Transformer Design Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Analysis of the Input Current Component 3. Unique to a Current Transformer 4. Current Transformer Circuit Applications 5. Current
More informationELECTRODYNAMICS 05 AUGUST 2014
ELECTRODYNAMICS 05 AUGUST 2014 In this lesson we: Lesson Description Discuss the motor effect Discuss how generators and motors work. Summary The Motor Effect In order to realise the motor effect, the
More informationAC generator theory. Resources and methods for learning about these subjects (list a few here, in preparation for your research):
AC generator theory This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
More informationSYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES The geometry of a synchronous machine is quite similar to that of the induction machine. The stator core and windings of a three-phase synchronous machine are practically identical
More informationDistribution transformers. Green distribution transformer program Partnership for a sustainable environment
Distribution transformers Green distribution transformer program Partnership for a sustainable environment Introduction Did you know ABB s line of distribution transformers can reduce operating costs,
More informationHigh voltage power supply (1 to 20 KV)
High voltage power supply ( to 0 KV) Ammar Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Wasif, Muhammad Sabieh Anwar This documentation is divided into two parts, the first part provides a brief overview about the key features
More informationPower Supplies. 1.0 Power Supply Basics. www.learnabout-electronics.org. Module
Module 1 www.learnabout-electronics.org Power Supplies 1.0 Power Supply Basics What you ll learn in Module 1 Section 1.0 Power Supply Basics. Basic functions of a power supply. Safety aspects of working
More informationLow Voltage Transformer Through-Fault Protection: A System Approach
Data Bulletin 7400DB1001 Nashville, TN USA Low Voltage Transformer Through-Fault Protection: A System Approach Introduction Low Voltage Transformer Protection Criteria NEC Article 450 Transformers and
More informationThree phase circuits
Three phase circuits THREE PHASE CIRCUITS THREE-PHASE ADVANTAGES 1. The horsepower rating of three-phase motors and the kva rating of three-phase transformers are 150% greater than single-phase motors
More informationPowerformer chosen for Swedish combined heat and power plant
Powerformer chosen for Swedish combined heat and power plant Powerformer, a radically new type of generator developed by ABB, has been chosen for a combined heat and power plant in Eskilstuna, Sweden.
More informationLab 8: DC generators: shunt, series, and compounded.
Lab 8: DC generators: shunt, series, and compounded. Objective: to study the properties of DC generators under no-load and full-load conditions; to learn how to connect these generators; to obtain their
More information6. Synchronous machine dynamics
1 6. Synchronous machine dynamics In the middle of eighties, the present Type 59 synchronous machine model program was implemented and put into practical use in EMTP. In the first half of nineties, also
More informationMedium-voltage Transformers
Technical Information Medium-voltage Transformers Important requirements for medium-voltage transformers for SUNNY BOY, SUNNY MINI CENTRAL and SUNNY TRIPOWER Contents This document describes the requirements
More informationDC-DC Converter Basics
Page 1 of 16 Free Downloads / Design Tips / Java Calculators / App. Notes / Tutorials / Newsletter / Discussion / Components Database / Library / Power Links / Software / Technical Articles / On-Line Textbook
More information45. The peak value of an alternating current in a 1500-W device is 5.4 A. What is the rms voltage across?
PHYS Practice Problems hapters 8- hapter 8. 45. The peak value of an alternating current in a 5-W device is 5.4 A. What is the rms voltage across? The power and current can be used to find the peak voltage,
More informationAjay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad CLASS NOTES. Subject Name: ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION-I Subject Code: NEE 301
Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad CLASS NOTES Subject Name: ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION-I Subject Code: NEE 301 Course: B. Tech. nd Year Branch: Electrical & Electronics Engineering
More informationSimple Methods for Calculating Short Circuit Current Without a Computer By Dennis McKeown, PE GE Senior System Application Engineer
Simple Methods for Calculating Short Circuit Current Without a Computer By Dennis McKeown, PE GE Senior System Application Engineer A Short Circuit analysis is used to determine the magnitude of short
More informationPower Transformers. Principles and Applications. John J. Winders, Jr. PPL Electric Utilities Allentown, Pennsylvania. Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Power Transformers Principles and Applications John J. Winders, Jr. PPL Electric Utilities Allentown, Pennsylvania Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York Basel TM ISBN: 0-8247-0766-4 This book is printed on acid-free
More informationCapacitor Voltage Transformer. Answers for energy.
Capacitor Voltage Transformer Answers for energy. Capacitor Voltage Transformer Siemens Capacitor Voltage Transformers are based on technology from Trench, a recognized world leader in the design and manufacture
More informationAMSC s Superconductor Cable Technologies for Electric Utilities
International Workshop 2014 AMSC s Superconductor Cable Technologies for Electric Utilities Michael Ross, P.E. Managing Director of Superconductor Power Systems AMSC Corporate Facts Headquartered in MA,
More informationUnit 6 Transformers. Lead-in. Basic principles. Task 1. Task 2. What applications of transformers do you know?
Unit 6 Transformers Lead-in What applications of transformers do you know? Basic principles Task 1 Match the words and phrases with the translations. 1. magnetic field 2. induced voltage 3. conductors
More informationMagnetic Field of a Circular Coil Lab 12
HB 11-26-07 Magnetic Field of a Circular Coil Lab 12 1 Magnetic Field of a Circular Coil Lab 12 Equipment- coil apparatus, BK Precision 2120B oscilloscope, Fluke multimeter, Wavetek FG3C function generator,
More informationShort Circuit Current Calculations
Introduction Several sections of the National Electrical Code relate to proper overcurrent protection. Safe and reliable application of overcurrent protective devices based on these sections mandate that
More informationHarmonics in your electrical system
Harmonics in your electrical system What they are, how they can be harmful, and what to do about them Abstract Harmonic currents, generated by non-linear electronic loads, increase power system heat losses
More informationSemiconductor Diode. It has already been discussed in the previous chapter that a pn junction conducts current easily. Principles of Electronics
76 6 Principles of Electronics Semiconductor Diode 6.1 Semiconductor Diode 6.3 Resistance of Crystal Diode 6.5 Crystal Diode Equivalent Circuits 6.7 Crystal Diode Rectifiers 6.9 Output Frequency of Half-Wave
More informationObjectives. Capacitors 262 CHAPTER 5 ENERGY
Objectives Describe a capacitor. Explain how a capacitor stores energy. Define capacitance. Calculate the electrical energy stored in a capacitor. Describe an inductor. Explain how an inductor stores energy.
More informationUNIT 3 AUTOMOBILE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
UNIT 3 AUTOMOBILE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS Automobile Electrical Structure 3.1 Introduction Objectives 3.2 Ignition System 3.3 Requirement of an Ignition System 3.4 Types of Ignition 3.4.1 Battery or Coil Ignition
More information7CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
7CURRENT TRANSFORMERS Protective relays of the a-c type are actuated by current and voltage supplied by current and voltage transformers. These transformers provide insulation against the high voltage
More informationUCI274C - Technical Data Sheet
- Technical Data Sheet SPECIFICATIONS & OPTIONS STANDARDS Newage Stamford industrial generators meet the requirements of BS EN 60034 and the relevant section of other international standards such as BS000,
More informationThree-Phase Electric Power Distribution for Computer Data Centers
Three-hase Electric ower Distribution for Computer Data Centers WHITE AER E901 Geist January 008 Summary This paper will describe the characteristics of three-phase power and outline the advantages of
More informationUCI274H - Technical Data Sheet
- Technical Data Sheet SPECIFICATIONS & OPTIONS STANDARDS Newage Stamford industrial generators meet the requirements of BS EN 60034 and the relevant section of other international standards such as BS000,
More informationTRANSFORMERS. Unit 14 OBJECTIVES
Unit 14 TRANSFORMERS OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, the student will be able to state the purpose of a transformer. explain the principle of mutual induction. determine the output voltage of a transformer
More informationUSE OF ARNO CONVERTER AND MOTOR-GENERATOR SET TO CONVERT A SINGLE-PHASE AC SUPPLY TO A THREE-PHASE AC FOR CONTROLLING THE SPEED OF A THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR BY USING A THREE-PHASE TO THREE-PHASE CYCLOCONVERTER
International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET) Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April, 2016, pp.19-28, Article ID: IJEET_07_02_003 Available online at http:// http://www.iaeme.com/ijeet/issues.asp?jtype=ijeet&vtype=7&itype=2
More informationPower supplies. EE328 Power Electronics Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mutlu BOZTEPE Ege University, Dept. of E&E
Power supplies EE328 Power Electronics Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mutlu BOZTEPE Ege University, Dept. of E&E EE328 POWER ELECTRONICS Outline of lecture Introduction to power supplies Modelling a power transformer
More information