Contents. Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition. Mobility Management 48
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1 MOBILE COMPUTING SECOND EDITION RAJ KAMAL Senior Professor and Faculty School ofcomputer Sciences andelectronics Devi Ahilya University, Indore OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
2 Contents Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Abbreviations and Acronyms v Vlll xvu CHAPTER 1 MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS: AN OVERVIEW Mobile Communication 1 Guided Transmission 3; Unguided Transmission (Wireless Transmission) 3; Modulation Methods and Standards for Voiceoriented Data Communication Standards 25; Modulation Methods and Standards for Data and Voice Communication 27; Super 3G and Pre4G: 3GPP LTE and WiMax e Standards 30; Features of 4G: LTE Advanced and Advanced WiMax m 30; Wireless Personal Area Network 32; Wireless Local Area Network and Internet Access 33; Nearfield Communication Mobile Computing 35 Novel Applications 36; Limitations ofmobile Computing Mobile Computing Architecture 39 Programming Languages 39; Functions of Operating Systems 40; Functions of Middleware for Mobile Systems 40; Mobile Computing Architectural Layers 41; Protocols 42; Layers Mobile Devices 42 Handheld Mobile Smartphones with Multimedia Functionalities 42; Smartcards 43; Smart Sensors Mobile System Networks 43 Cellular Network 43; WLAN Network and Mobile IP 43; Adhoc Networks Data Dissemination 45 Synchronization Mobility Management Security 48 Cryptography Algorithms 49; Digital Signatures and Digital Certificates 50 CHAPTER 2 MOBILE DEVICES AND SYSTEMS Cellular Networks and Frequency Reuse Cellular Networks for Mobile Smartphones 55; Frequency Reuse in Networks 57; Capacity Enhancement in Networks Mobile Smartphones, Smart Mobiles, and Systems Smartphone Features 59; Digital Music Players 61; Bluetooth and WiFi 63; GPS 63; Gyroscope and Accelerometer 64; Digital Compass and Magnetometer 64; Camera 64; 2D and 3D Graphics and HDMI 65
3 Contents xi 2.3 Handheld Pocket Computers Handheld Devices 65 Windows CE Based Devices 66; Mac OS 4 Based Devices 67; Symbian OS Based Devices 69; Linux Based Mobile Devices 70; ebook Reader Smart Systems 71 Smartcards 71; Smart Labels 73; RFID 74; Smart Tokens 75; Sensors 75; Actuators 76; Sensors and Actuators for Robotic Systems 77; Smart Appliances 78; Settop Boxes Limitations of Mobile Devices 80 Quality and Security of Service 81; Hardware Limitations Automotive Systems 84 Speech Recognition System 84; Messaging System 85; GPS Based Navigation System 85; Automobile Start and Malfunction Logins 86; Sensor and Actuator Programming 86; Entertainment Systems 86; Realtime Application Programming 86 CHAPTER 3 GSM AND OTHER 2G ARCHITECTURES GSM Services and System Architecture 90 Services 90; Subsystems ofgsm Architecture 99; GSM Architecture Radio Interfaces of GSM 106 Space Division Multiple Access 108; Time Division Multiple Access 108; Frequency Division Multiple Access 110; Format of a Data Burst 112; Traffic and Control Data Channels 116; Control data channels Protocols of GSM 119 Mobile StationBase Transceiver Signalling Protocols 119; Base Transceiver Base Station Controller Signalling Protocols 122; Base Station ControllerMobile Services Switching Centre Signalling Protocols Localization Call Handling 125 Mobile»PSTN Calls 126; MobileMobile Calls 126; PSTN>Mobile Calls 127; Message Exchanges between Mobile Station >Base Transceiver Handover 128 Types of Handover 128; Handover in GSM Security 131 Authentication 131; TMSI 132; Encryption New Data Services General Packet Radio Service 133 GPRS System Architecture 134; GPRS Protocol Layers Highspeed Circuit Switched Data DECT 139 Frequencies and Functioning 139; Architecture, Services, and Protocols 141; WLL Application 142
4 Spread Contents CHAPTER 4 COMMUNICATION WIRELESS MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL, CDMA, 3G AND 4G Modulation Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) 149; Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) 149; Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Multiplexing 4.3 Controlling the Medium Access I54 ALOHA 154; CSMA 155; Medium Access Control in Exposed Terminals 156; Medium Access Control in Hidden Terminals 157; Medium Access Control in Near and Far Terminals 157; Power Control for the Medium Access Spread Spectrum Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Concept 159; Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Method 161; Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Factor 164; Despreading 166; DSSS Transmitter and receiver 167; Advantages of Spread Spectrum Based Wireless System Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) FHSS Concept 170; Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum 172; Fast FHSS 173; Slow FHSS 175; FHSS Transmitter and Receiver Coding Methods Autocorrelation Codes 177; Orthogonal Codes Code Division Multiple Access 188 IS95 cdmaone System IMT2000 3G Wireless Communication Standards WCDMA3G Communication Standards CDMA20003G Communication Standards Imode OFDM 205 Channel Carriers 206; Applications of OFDMA 207; Techniques in OFDM High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) 3G Network 208 HSPA 208; HSPA+ 210; MIMO 2x2 Application in HSPA Longterm Evolution WiMax Rel 1.0 IEEE e Broadband Wireless Access G Networks 215 4G Networks Requirements and Design 215; Modulation and Multiplexing Techniques for 4G Networks 215; High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA) Super 3G 218; LTE Advanced 218; WiMax Advanced (802.16m) Mobile Satellite Communication Networks 220 Basic Parameters 220; Configurations 223; Capacity Allocation 227; Integration of GEO, LEO, and MEO Satellites and Terrestrial Mobile Systems 227; Personal Satellite Communication Programs 230; Inmarsat, Iridium, MSAT, VSAT, DBS, and Orbcumm Satellite Services 230
5 Contents m CHAPTER 5 MOBILE IP NETWORK LAYER IP and Mobile IP Network Layers 236 OSI Layer Functions, TCP/IP, and Internet Protocol 236; Mobile Internet Protocol Packet Delivery and Handover Management Location Management 248 Agent Discovery Registration TUnnelling and Encapsulation 252 Encapsulation by Additional IP Header of an IP Packet 253; an IP Packet 254; Generic Routing Encapsulation by IP Header to IP Packet 254 Minimum Encapsulation by IP Header to 5.6 Route Optimization 256 Mobility Binding 256; Reverse Tunnelling Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol VoIP IPsec 263 Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) 265; IPsec Protocol Field Specifications 266 CHAPTER 6 MOBILE TRANSPORT LAYER Conventional TCP/IP Transport Layer Protocols 271 User Datagram Protocol 272; Conventional Transport Control Protocol 272; TCP Data Delivery 275; TCP Data Flow Control 277; Congestion Control 279; Methods for Wireless and Mobile Networks Indirect TCP Snooping TCP Mobile TCP Other Methods of Mobile TCPlayer Transmission 291 Fast Retransmit/Fast Recovery Transmission 293; Selective Retransmission 298; Transactionoriented TCP 299; Explicit Notification TCP over 2.5G/3G Mobile Networks 300 CHAPTER 7 DATABASES AND MOBILE COMPUTING Data Organization 306 Database 308; Relational Database 314; Database Management Sys,em 315; Business Logic Implicit and Explicit 316; Connectivity Protocol Database Transactional Models ACID Rules 319 ADO.NET Transaction Model Query Processing Data Recovery Process Database Hoarding Techniques 328 Database Hoarding 328
6 Contents 7.6 Data Caching 330 Caching Invalidation Mechanisms 331; Data Cache Maintenance in Mobile Environments 333; Web Cache Maintenance in Mobile Environments ClientServer Computing for Mobile Computing and Adaptation 335 ClientServer Computing Adaptation Software for Mobile Computing Poweraware Mobile Computing Contextaware Mobile Computing 342 Context 343; Contextaware Computing 345 CHAPTER 8 DATA DISSEMINATION AND SYSTEMS FOR BROADCASTING Communication Asymmetry Classification of Datadelivery Mechanisms 353 Pushbased Mechanisms 354; Pullbased Mechanisms 356; Hybrid Mechanisms Data Dissemination Broadcast Models 360 Cyclic Repetition and Broadcasting Disk Model 361; Broadcast Disk Modelling for Special Cases Selective Tuning and Indexing Techniques 369 Indexbased Method using Offsets 371; Indexbased Method using Offset, Type, and Flag 372; (I, m) Index Method 373; Distributed Indexbased Method 375; Flexible Indexing Method 376; Directory Method 377; Hashbased Method 379; Alternative Methods Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) 380 Digital Audio Broadcast System 380; DAB Objects and Object Transfer Protocol Digital Video Broadcasting 384 DVB System 385; Mobile TV DVBH 386; DVB for Highspeed Convergence of Broadcasting and Mobile Communication 389 Internet Access 388; CHAPTER 9 DATA SYNCHRONIZATION IN MOBILE COMPUTING SYSTEMS Synchronization 395 Synchronization in Mobile Computing Systems 396; Usage Models for Synchronization in Mobile Application 400; Domaindependent Specific Rules for Data Synchronization 403; Personal Information Manager 405; Synchronization and Conflict Resolution Strategies 406; Synchronizer Synchronization Software for Mobile Devices HotSync 410; ActiveSync 410; IntelliSync Synchronization Protocols Bluetooth 414; IrDA 415; WAP2.0 Architecture, Gateway, and Application Environment SyncML Synchronization Language for Mobile Computing 415 Synchronization Client and Server Framework 416; SyncML Protocol 423; Setup and Synchronization Phases Sync4J (Funambol) Synchronized Multimedia Markup Language (SMIL) 430
7 Example Contents xv CHAPTER 10 MOBILE DEVICES: APPLICATION SERVERS AND MANAGEMENT Mobile Agent 437 Mobile Agent Design 440; Aglets Application Framework Application Server 441 Sun Java System Web Server 6 443; IBM WebSphere MQe 444; Oracle Application Portals 447 Server 446; 10.4 Gateways 448 Protocol Conversion Gateway 448; Transcoding Gateway or Proxy 450; Residential Gateway Service Discovery Device Management 455 Device Support Infrastructure 455; User, Device, and Network Profiles 456; Directory Service 457; Open Mobile Alliance Device Management (OMA DM) Mobile FUe Systems 459 CODA File System Disconnected Operations 461; CODA File System Deficiencies Security 462 CHAPTER 11 MOBILE ADHOC AND WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Introduction to Mobile Adhoc Network 468 Fixed Infrastructure Architecture 469; MANET Infrastructure Architecture MANET 471 Properties 472; Spectrum 473; Applications Routing and Routing Algorithms 476 Dynamic Source Routing Protocol 477; Adhoc Ondemand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) Protocol 479; Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) 481; Clusterhead Gateway Switch Routing 482; Flat Routing Table Driven Protocol 483; Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Security in Adhoc Network Wireless Sensor Networks 485 Data Dissemination Sensor Network Applications Distributed Network and Characteristics 488 Clustering ofnodes 489; Coordination ofnodes 489; Wireless Senso; NetworkExample 489; Distributed Networks 490; Protocol 491; Software 492; Router TinyOS 492 CHAPTER 12 MOBILE WIRELESS SHORTRANGE NETWORKS AND MOBILE INTERNET Wireless LAN, Architecture, and Protocol Layers 497 Wireless Networking and Wireless LAN 497; WLAN Architecture 500; IEEE Protocol Layers 504; Physical Layer lz 507
8 xvi Contents 12.2 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) 511 WAP 1.1 Architecture 512; Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) 514; Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) 515; Wireless Transaction and Session Layers 515; Wireless Application Environment Wireless Application ProtocolWAP WAP 2.0 Architecture 526; WAP PushProxy Gateway 526; XHTMLMP (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language Mobile Profile) Bluetoothenabled Devices Network 529 Bluetooth Networks Piconet and Scatternet 530; WPAN Synchronization Layers in Bluetooth Protocol 534 Physical Layer 534; MAC Layer 538; Bluetooth 3.0 and Security in Bluetooth Protocol IrDA Protocols ZigBee 542 CHAPTER 13 MOBILE APPLICATION LANGUAGES XML AND JAVA Mobile Application Development 550 Application Development Workflow 550; Techniques for Composing Applications XML 552 Document Type Definitions of XML Documents 554; Parsing Models of an XML Document and Parsing 555 of XML Documents 554; 13.3 JAVA 561 Characteristic Features 563; Classes and Beans 563; Java 2 Enterprise Edition Java 2 Micro Edition 565 Profiles 566; Configurations 568; Java Program Examples for Mobile Computing JavaCard 579 CHAPTER 14 MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT PLATFORMS Operating System Windows Mobile and CE Windows CE 591; Memory and File Management 595; Communication, Network, Device, and Peripheral Drivers 596; Application Development 597; 589 Application Development Programming in.net Compact Framework Windows Phone Android 14.5 Symbian Solutions to Objective Type Questions Bibliography Index ^ j 620
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