TERENO conference, Bonn, 29 th Sept 2 nd Oct 2014

Transcription

1 TERENO conference, Bonn, 29 th Sept 2 nd Oct 2014 The European landscape of biodiversity and ecosystem research infrastructures: status, perspectives and TERENO s role as best practice example for terrestrial RIs. Michael Mirtl Environment Agency Austria 1

2 THE VISION: Overview Background, mission & technicalities BD&ES RIs = Biodiversity & Ecosystem Research Research Infrastructures Based on: ENVRI 1/ ERIS: Environmental Research Infrastructures 2030 strategy paper Summary report: WS Biodiversity and ecosystem Research Infrastructures in Europe, Brussels, March 2013 ExpeER: integrating experimental and observational research: WP on creating a sustainable network (AnaEE & LTER-Europe) ALTER-Net Infrastructure Task Group ESFRI meetings 22nd May, Paris (Env SWG); 25th Sept, Triest (Roadmap 2016 launch) 2

3 HYDROLOGY CLIMATOLOGY TERENO, Germany BIOLOGY GROUND, AIR & SPACEBORNE OBSERVING SYSTEMS PEDOLOGY Multiple use: ICOS LTER LTSER SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS Critical Zone 3

4 Landscape Water Balance Schäfertal Catchment lysimeters wireless soil water content monitoring network geophysical monitoring campaigns cosmic ray probes point scale airborne & spaceborne remote sensing Multi-scale approach for monitoring soil water content (& snow) Page 4 Courtesy of S. Zacharias (UFZ) small catchment scale 4

5 The European landscape of BD&ES RIs Life Watch IS-ENES LTER Europe ANAEE ICOS INTER- ACT SIOS INCREASE EMSO EMBRC MARS MESOA QUA SYN- THESYS CETAF/B iocase Species 2000 GBIF PESI WORMS EUDAT SeadataN et BioFresh MIRRI ELIXIR 5

6 The grand challenges for environmental research Pollution Eutrophocation 6

7 ...and the answer? Life Watch IS-ENES LTER Europe ANAEE ICOS INTER- ACT SIOS INCREASE EMSO EMBRC MARS MESOA QUA SYN- THESYS CETAF/B iocase Species 2000 GBIF PESI WORMS EUDAT SeadataN et BioFresh MIRRI ELIXIR 7

8 In a nutshell: How are ecosystems/biodiversity adapting in order to buffer external (global-change) stress? What are determinants of ecosystem resilience securing buffering functions? What are treshold interactions resulting in system shifts? 8

9 PPD Framework for anchoring research qeustions tackled at a site Collins et al

10 Better organizing domain interactions (ENVRI/ ERIS) Integration platform ENVRI/ Asmi et al Climate change Loss of biodiversity & ES integrity Pollution Eutrophication 10

11 In-situ/ in-natura Roles of RIs Life Watch Modeling IS-ENES ICOS Observation & monitoring data EMSO INTER- ACT LTER Europe SIOS EMBRC Experimental INCREASE data MARS ANAEE MESOA QUA SYN- THESYS CETAF/B iocase Species 2000 Reference data, (taxonomies, SeadataN genes, sequences) et Data portals, Collections, Supporting e-infrastructures GBIF PESI WORMS EUDAT BioFresh MIRRI ELIXIR ESFRI landscape discussion 11

12 Summary of the state (BD&ES RIs WS, March 2013) The European environmental research landscape has been severely modified by construction of RIs and by long-term committments of national governments. The RIs are envisioned as the long-term actors in the Earth System sciences. Most of the current RIs are originally based on bottom-up processes some in individual disciplines and Earth System domains others related to one or more of the Grand Challenges. Cross-disciplinary and cross-ri coordination is seen as important by the RIs. Computational challenges are common to all RIs. Data usage barriers are significant. Problems related to data discovery, access and understanding remain to be solved. Diversity of the RIs brings great potential for observation of the Earth System, but often also makes it difficult to integrate knowledge. Many of the environmental and societal challenges are strongly connected to several Earth System domains and require integrated multidisciplinary understanding. 12

13 Why operating long-term RIs (ENVRI/ ERIS) Environmental RIs are designed as long-term entities in order to meet the requirements of continuous environmental observation. This longevity makes the environmental research infrastructures ideal structures to support longterm development in environmental sciences. (Asmi et al., 2014) Specifically, in cultural landscapes the ecological and socio-ecological profile of sites can only be judged on the basis of long-term trend data PLUS good knowledge of the environmental history. 13

14 Challenges of in-situ BD&ES infrastructures: the site and individual RIs network level Scale (plot up to regional research on ESS/e.g. LTSER) Vertical integration as fostered by CZ Horizontal integration (landscape level) and answers relevant for management and local decision making Disciplinary integration: interdisciplinary approaches across domains Integration of observation, experimentation and modelling Heterogeneity Linkage with large scale monitoring schemes (high quality baseline monitoring data not necessarily generated at distributed research sites; differing purposes, partly difficult access) Coverage and representativity Organization from sites to networks and relations between related RIs 14

15 Methodological approaches and designs need to consider appropriate spatial scales 10 6 m 10 2 m 10 0 m 10 5 m 10-1 m 10-4 m M. Gerzabek, BOKU Vienna; ammended 10-9 m 15

16 Biodiversity research across scales Ecosystems Species Time and evolution Habitats DNA, proteins and genes 16

17 Vertical integration Carbon cycle N balance Energy fluxes Soil formation Weathering Courtesy of J. Gaillardet (Critical Zone Research) 17

18 Horizontal integration o o o Green infrastructures / connectivity Land use change & ecosystem services trade offs in cultural landscapes Integrated regional effects of protected areas (e.g. Natura2000) Questions: What are adequate (multiple) spatial and temporal scales and resolutions for studying ecosystem processes/biodiversity at research sites? What frequency and granularity of measurements is required, depending on the research question? Where to add targeted experimentation? Protected areas Forest Necessary Aquatic organizational site Grassland structure to Urban provide site the platform for interdisciplinary teams site (ESS ): use case areas for socio-ecological research 18

19 Physical infrastructure Facilities for monitoring (species and functional) diversity Mesocosms and other experimental facilities Building blocks: Interconnected collections New generations of (wireless) sensors (DNA sequence based, etc) General & conservative components: Basic physical infrastructure at highly instrumented sites (atmospheric towers...) Specific & dynamic components: Connected remote Domain specific sensors (e.g. nano sensors for sequencing, experimental sensing services equipment) Interaction with RS Technical maintanence by individual sites often Empower a data human quality observers bottleneck with their interpretations 19

20 Landscape of RI for Biodiversity and Ecosystems Society Biodiversity loss Pollution Eutrification Persistence of ecosystem services Climate change Land use change Food security Water quality Modeling Data services Questions, Demands RESEARCH LifeWatch, IS-ENES GBIF, AgINFRA,, BioFRESH, SYNTHESYS/ CETAF/BioCASE Species2000/ PESI Information, knowledge Env. RIs ICOS AnaEE, Measured Data LTER Zone specific, regional & local observatories (SIOS, INCREASE, Danube, Interact ) Systems approach MESOAQUA, Ecosystem type specific or partly experimental (INCREASE, LTER) Experimental approach ESFRI E urope an S trate gy F orum o n Research

21 European scale BD&ES RIs, Grand Challenges and Scale Scale (m) Greenhouse gases/ Climate change Loss of Biodiversity Pollution Eutrophication ICOS Lifewatch & e-infrastructures?? LTER Reg./local RIs (INTERACT ANAEE 10 1 Greenhouse gases/ Loss of Climate change Biodiversity Pollution Eutrification ESFRI landscape discussion 21

22 Social and Cultural Innovation ( 5 ) Health and Food ( 13 ) today: ESFRI Roadmap 2010 Environmental Sciences ( 9 ) Energy ( 7 ) Analytical Facilities ( 6 ) Physics Science and Engineering ( 10 ) e-infrastructures (1) SHARE BBMRI ELIXIR ICOS EURO- ARGO ECCSEL Euro-FEL ELI TIARA* PRACE European Social Survey ECRIN INFRA FRONTIE R LIFEWATCH IAGOS Windscanner EMFL SPIRAL2 CTA CESSDA INSTRUCT EATRIS EMSO EPOS EU- SOLARIS European XFEL E-ELT** SKA CLARIN EU-OPEN- SCREEN EMBRC SIOS EISCAT_3D JHR ESRF Upgrade KM3NeT FAIR DARIAH Euro Bio- Imaging ERINHA COPAL IFMIF NEUTRON ESS SLHC-PP* ILC- HIGRADE* ISBE MIRRI HiPER ILL20/20 Upgrade ANAEE MYRRHA Distributed research infrastructures Single sited research infrastructures ESFRI E urope an S trate gy F orum o n Research ENV RIs: Red: 2006 Roadmap, Black: 2008 Roadmap

23 Scientific and other user Communities, e.g. ALTER-Net, BioDiversa, GEOSS, COPERNICUS LIFEWATCH e- Infrastructure IS-ENES Modelling Data input Analysis, synthesis and modeling Required parameters Understanding Prediction Decision-support Large scale monitoring ICOS Observation/ Monitoring Complementarity Interoperability? Co-location Natural and socio-ecologcal systems research (trends & interactions) Experimentation AnaEE Experiments INCREASE Experiments In-situ Ecosystem Research Infrastructures LTER System research IINTERACT SIOS Generic supporting e-infrastructures (e.g. EUDAT) and reference data (e.g. Species2000) 23

24 A modular landscape Atmosphere Hydrology Experiments Integrated Ecosystem Research & Monitoring 24

25 To achieve this: Building blocks for integration and interoperability Technology o capacity to measure, observe, compute o analytical and modelling platforms (cooperation with e-infrastructures, virutal labs) o technologies for machine-machine interaction Enhanced data provision and usage culture o workflows, metadata & data annotation o open data acces o documentation of data o licences, IPR and citation agreements Human capital o citizen science o mobility o recognition of a wide range of roles in the modular/distributed research process o appropriate incentives o working culture Networking and integration platform(s) o conceptualize RI integration/interoperability o organization of integration process: cooperation and communication methods and platforms for RIs within and across countries o strategic and lobbying work o multidirectional communication with stakeholders, research, individual RIs targeted at modular implementation in the long-term (nationally) MULTIPLE-USE 25

26 Multiple use: step 1 what s out there? Requirements Covered research topics and monitoring components Design Equipment Data legacy 26

27 Source: LTER-Europe 27

28 Topical LTER Site clusters from MCA Source: LTER-Europe

29 Cluster 2 Biodiversity Biogeochemical cycles System ecology Biological Conservation 1 Species composition plot without link to explicit catchment 40.00% 20.00% plot within catchment beyond catchment 0.00% Climate Species biology 0.5 sub-catchment within catchment entire catchment Ecosystem services Resilience of social and ecological systems Ecosystem structure Impact of extreme events Land use and Sustainability Landscape ecology Management Pedology Molecular Ecology 0 Bioregion Public attitudes Steppic Pannonian Mediterranean Production Continental Boreonemoral Boreal Population dynamics Atlantic / Mediterranean Atlantic Pollution effects Alpine LTER Germany LTER Israel LTER national networks LTER Norway LTER Belgium LTER Finland LTER Ukraine LTER Czech Republic LTER Hungary LTER Slovakia LTER Poland LTER Estonia LTER Romania LTER UK LTER Latvia LTER Sweden LTER Spain LTER Italy LTER Austria Source: LTER-Europe 29

30 Cluster 5 Biodiversity Biogeochemical cycles System ecology Biological Conservation 1 Species composition plot within catchment plot without link to explicit catchment 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% beyond catchment Climate Species biology 0.5 sub-catchment within catchment entire catchment Ecosystem services Resilience of social and ecological systems Bioregion Ecosystem structure 0 Public attitudes Steppic Pannonian Impact of extreme events Production Mediterranean Continental Land use and Sustainability Population dynamics Boreonemoral Boreal Landscape ecology Management Pedology Molecular Ecology Pollution effects Black Sea Atlantic Alpine LTER national networks LTER Bulgaria LTER France LTER Czech Republic LTER Spain LTER Romania LTER Serbia LTER Hungary LTER Finland LTER Poland LTER Italy LTER Sweden LTER UK LTER Germany LTER Austria LTER Israel Source: LTER-Europe 30

31 Step 2: gap analysis (example) Economic Density (Euro / km2) > 10 million 100% 200% 1 10 million 100% 200% million 200% 200% < 0.1 million 100% 200% 200% 200% 200% ALN BOR NEM ATN ALS CON ATC PAN LUS ANA MDM MDN MDS under represented over represented Source: LTER-Europe 31

32 Step 3: top down Necessary ammendments design equipment Network gap closures 32

33 Key challenges for the European scale Organisational differences across countries Interaction between RI catagories (ESFRI, non- ESFRI, national, European, global) Opportunistic behaviour of sites/projects/institutions added value? 33

34 HYDROLOGY CLIMATOLOGY TERENO, Germany BIOLOGY GROUND, AIR & SPACEBORNE OBSERVING SYSTEMS SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS PEDOLOGY Thanks! Multiple use: ICOS LTER LTSER Critical Zone 34