Picture of Maize out of the husk. It is known today as Indian corn, and comes in many different colors.

Transcription

1 Maize(corn) field. Maize was grown by Native Americans of the Great Plains, Southwest, and Southeast. It was the main staple crop for the Native Americans of the Northeast region. Picture of Maize out of the husk. It is known today as Indian corn, and comes in many different colors.

2 Peas, Carrots, and potatoes were grown by Native American tribes along the Great Plains and in the Midwest. Peppers need to grow in a very long and hot summer season. Therefore, they were primarily grown by Native Americans in the Southwest and Southeast. Squash, pumpkins and beans were grown by every Native American tribe, but pumpkins were grown more in the Northeast, and beans more in the Southeast and Southwest.

3 3C Native Americans in the Northeast used the Great Lakes as a main source of food. In it, they caught a wide variety of fish. Whales and sea lions were a main source of food for Northwest Indians. They would normally have to travel way off shore to hunt them. Lobsters and Oysters were a main source of food for the Southeast Indians. Both could easily be collected right from shore.

4 Apples were normally grown by Native Americans in the Northeast but many Native Americans in the Southeast, Northwest, and even the Great Plains grew apples. 3D Some form or type of berry and nut was grown and consumed by all regions of Native American settlement.

5 Tobacco was the main staple crop of Native Americans in the Southeast, and also, the hottest commodity that the Indians had for the Europeans. Tobacco was one of the most desired items of the Europeans. First, the Native Americans grew the tobacco. 3E Then they dried it and traded it to the Europeans. Who then rolled it and smoked it (which is bad).

6 Buffalo were the main source of living for Native Americans of the Great Plains. Buffalo provided food, clothing, tools, and fuel. 3F Deer were one of the main animals used for food by all Native Americans. They were hunted in every region of North America. Rabbits were hunted all over North America but were most common in the Southwest region. Wild turkeys were hunted all along the east coast, but also in the Midwest and the Great Plains. Black bears were hunted by Native Americans in the Northeast and the Northwest.

7 1C These dwellings were known as adobe houses and were made from a mixture of clay similar to cement. This was the typical housing of Native Americans in the Southwest.

8 1A Besides the infamous teepee, Native Americans along the Great Plains also lived in wigwams. These consisted of small tree limbs and branches bent to form a dome. These were used by Native Americans along the Great Plains who were primarily farmers.

9 1F This is also an example of a wigwam, but this type was used primarily by Native Americans in the Northeast. These wigwams were much larger, and were constructed of more sticks, branches, and tree limbs than the wigwams of the Great Plains.

10 1B The most common form of housing for the nomadic Native Americans along the Great Plains is known as a Teepee. These houses consisted of animal skins wrapped around vertical standing tree beams.

11 1E This type of housing was used primarily by Native Americans in the Southwest, Southeast, and the Great Plains and is known as a Hogan. Native Americans would use massive amounts of earth to build an igloo style house. Native Americans who lived in very arid regions typically used this style housing. It was very unhealthy and facilitated many bugs and diseases.

12 1D Southwest Native Americans who lived in adobe house typically built their villages on top of a mountain of plateau (above), or dug it out from the side of a mountain in a cave (below).

13 1G These houses known as long houses were the common housing of Native Americans, specifically the Iroquois, in the Northeast region. These houses were built by long tree limbs thatched together, and were covered by animal skins. They had a very long and narrow shape to them, but had quite a lot of room, and often housed as many as 20 families.

14 1H This was the most common housing of Southeast Native Americans. Branches and vines known as wattle, were tied over wooden frameworks, and then covered with a mixture of mud plaster known as daub.

15 1I The rectangular houses of Northwest Native Americans were made mainly from giant cedar timbers. For the walls, they would lash splint planks together for frame work running horizontally and vertically. They would then erect totem poles and paint them and their houses with the images of animal spirits. These Indian practices have been around longer than any other region.

16 1J This wigwam is covered by cloth and animal skins. This type of animal skin covered house was practiced mainly in the Northeast region, and the northern Great Plains.

17 2F Canoes were one of the most popular tools used by Native Americans. Canoes were used by every region, but mostly the regions on ocean and the great lakes. Canoes are made by taking a large tree trunk, cutting it in half, then carving or burning out the inside.

18 2G An actual Native American canoe made by an Indian tribe along the Grand Strand. It is now on display at the Horry County Museum.

19 2K Haida Fish Hook: Primarily used by Native Americans in the Northwest. It is created by taking to carved sticks and lacing them together to form a V. The lacing a sharp bone piece facing inward, on the end of one of the sticks. Many Northwestern tribes carved designs and pictures into their fishhooks.

20 Pottery was one of the most widely created and most widely recognized Native American tool. Pottery was used by Native Americans in almost every function of life including cooking, cleaning, and drinking. The many different regions also created their own unique style of pottery.

21 2B Bow and arrows were also widely used for hunting by Native Americans in all regions of North America. Bows consisted of long carved sticks, with tendons, or hair strands tied to each end. Arrows were made of long sticks with carved pointed rocks attached to the ends. Native Americans of all regions were incredibly accurate with their bow and arrow.

22 2H Blowguns: Mostly used by Native Americans in the Southeast, blowguns were made from hollowed out cornstalks or pieces of wood. Native Americans then used feather-darts for their ammo, and could hit targets from 60 ft away.

23 2C Medicine Bundle: Used widely by the Native Americans of the Great Plains. It is composed of a skin pouch from animals or bundles of cloths. Used to hold pipes, medicine, or sacred objects.

24 2J Wooden Hook: Common tool used by Native Americans in all regions. Had many practical purposes such as lifting things, cutting open hides, and even as a defense weapon. Lacrosse stick with deer skin ball: First used and introduced by the Native Americans of the Southeast region. Very similar to the modern day lacrosse equipment. The net was constructed from animal tendons, and the ball consisted of earth wrapped in deerskin.

25 2M Native American Knifes: After the introduction of metals from the Europeans, many Native American tribes replaced their sharp rock and bone carving instruments, with more long last and durable metal tools. This greatly benefited the Native American regions in numerous ways.

26 2I Above: A closer look at the different types of spear points, arrowheads, and cutting utensils used and created by Native Americans in North America. Below: A closer look at a Native American war club, and arrow spear. It also shows how they attached their points to sticks using animal tendons.

27 2A Travois: Most commonly used by Native Americans along the Great Plains. Consisted of two poles tied together to form a V. It was pulled on the backs of dogs and eventually horses. Many Native American tribes attached an animal hide leather bag known as Parflech to the Travois or the saddle of horses.

28 2L Tsimshian Soul-catcher: Used by many Northwest Native American Indian tribes. It was said to contain the soul of a dead shaman(witch doctor). The tool is placed in a sick person s mouth in which the shaman s spirit is believed to enter and expel the bad spirit causing the person s illness.

29 Spiked War Club: An alternate version of the stone war club. Consists of a long flat piece of wood with a handle, and a sharp bone attached perpendicular. After the introduction of metal, the bone was replaced by a metal spike. 2D Colville War Club: Used primarily by Native Americans in the Northeast. Consisted of a long wooden stick with a large blunt stone fastened to the end. Different versions also existed among Native American tribes throughout North America.

30 5D

31 5E

32 5B

33 5A

34 Artwork of animal spirits from Native American tribes along the Northwest.

35 2E Apache Fiddle: A painted sound box crafted from a yucca stalk. Had a single string of sinew (animal tendon) attached to pegs, and was played by a bowed stick with sinew attached to it. Similar to a modern day violin.

36 5C