STEEL STRUCTURES Study Book 3

Transcription

1 STEEL STRUCTURES Study Book 3 Structural Engineering II Ohjaaja: Olli Ilveskoski Structual Engineering II Rakennetekniikka II 1 Course Description - Opintojaksokuvaus This bilingual course aims at providing students with solid background on the principles of structural engineering design. Students will be exposed to the theories and concepts of steel design and analyses both at the element and system levels. Recommended background: Structural Engineering I Study Methods - Opiskelumenetelmät Hands-on design experience and skills will be gained and learned through problem sets and a comprehensive design project. An understanding of real world open-ended design issues will be developed. The student is a member of the distance learning group and attends the contact sessions, seminars and excursions. Schedule - Aikataulu The Virtual Course is synchronized with other Structural Steel Design programmes running in the Polytechnics. The start is usually the 1st of September and the finnish is the 30rd of April. Planning and Design Process 1. Introduction 2. Steel Processing and Metallurgy 3. Fabrication and Erection 4. Protection: Corrosion, Fire 5. Stability 7. Element Design 8. Plates and Shells

2 9. Thin Walled Construction 10.Composite Construction 11. Connection Design 12. Fatigue 13. Tubular Structures 14. Structural Systems Study Instructions - Opiskeluohjeet The student will attend in the virtual environment weekly lectures, recitations and project discussions. Hands-on design experience and skills will be gained and learned through problem sets and comprehensive design projects with the help of web-cameras and -phones. Besides the virtual studies the course includes contact sessions and excursions. Textbooks - Opiskelumateriaali ACCESS ESDEP SSEDTA McCormac,J.C.Nelson,J.K.Jr.,Structural Steel Design 3rd edition Prentice Hall, N.J., 2003 oppikirja 210 Teräsrakenne-romppu Saarinen Eero, Teräsrakenteiden Suunnitelu, EuroCode Ilveskoski Olli, Structural Steel Design Study Books 2 Assignments - Tehtävät Problem sets and a comprehensive design project such as portal frames. The design is made with the help of tables and more advanced methods are used in the following courses. The assignments are made in 3 student's workgroups and presented in the Final Seminar with A1- tables consisting the portfolio and final designs. Completion Requirements - Arviointi Final grades will be calculated as follows: Activity: 20 % Assignments 50% Final Exam 30%

3 3 TERÄSRAKENTEIDEN PERUSTEET oille.pdf Luentoaineisto: Materiaalia täydennetään ja varustetaan opettajan äänitiedostolla/kieliversioilla. Kirjallisuus: - TERÄSRAKENNE-romppu - SFS EN ,1-2,1-8 ja Saarinen, Eero. Teräsrakenteiden suunnittelu, Eurocode. Sähköinen versio. Teräsrakenneyhdistys r.y Julkaisematon. Oheismateriaali: - TERÄSRAKENNE-rompun kirjallisuuslähteet ESDEP oppimisympäristö - ACCESS oppimisympäristö - SSEDTA - oppimisympäristö Tehtävät Opiskelija ottaa osaa teräskohteiden valmistukseen ja suunnitteluun. Lähtömateriaalina on mallinnetut rakennuskohteet.

4 4 INTRODUCTION JOHDANTO TERÄSRAKENTAMISEEN html.stx Kuva: TRY ry / Risto Lilja Opiskelija perehtyy teräsrakentamisen historiaan ja arkkitehtuuriin, ks ESDEP oppimisympäristö: suomenkielinen versio

5 ESDEP Course 5 WG 1A : STEEL CONSTRUCTION: ECONOMIC & COMMERCIAL FACTORS WG 1B : STEEL CONSTRUCTION: INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN WG 2 : APPLIED METALLURGY WG 3 : FABRICATION AND ERECTION WG 4A : PROTECTION: CORROSION WG 4B : PROTECTION: FIRE WG 5 : COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE WG 6 : APPLIED STABILITY WG 7 : ELEMENTS WG 8 : PLATES AND SHELLS WG 9 : THIN-WALLED CONSTRUCTION WG 10 : COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION WG 11 : CONNECTION DESIGN: STATIC LOADING WG 12 : FATIGUE WG 13 : TUBULAR STRUCTURES WG 14 : STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS: BUILDINGS WG 15A : STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS: OFFSHORE WG 15B : STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS: BRIDGES WG 15C : STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS: MISCELLANEOUS WG 16 : STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS: REFURBISHMENT

6 6 ESDEP Workgroup Contents Lecture 1A.1 : Introduction to Steel's Role in Construction in Europe Top 1. INTRODUCTION 2. DEVELOPMENTS IN PRODUCTION AND DESIGN 2.1 Steel Production 2.2 Range of Steels 2.3 Design 2.4 Fabrication 3. ADVANTAGES OF STEEL 3.1 Speed of Execution 3.2 Lightness, Stiffness and Strength 3.3 Adaptability of Usage of Steel Frames for Refurbishment 3.4 Quality 4. THE FUTURE FOR STEEL: FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS 5. THE FUTURE FOR STEEL: TRAINING AND ESDEP 6. CONCLUDING SUMMARY 7. REFERENCES

7 Previous Next Contents ESDEP WG 1A STEEL CONSTRUCTION: ECONOMIC & COMMERCIAL FACTORS Lecture 1A.1: Introduction to Steel's Role in Construction in Europe OBJECTIVE/SCOPE: To inspire students with an enthusiasm for steel construction. To identify the advantages of steel for construction in Europe, emphasising its future potential and the rewarding challenge it offers to able students. To introduce ESDEP as a response to this potential. PREREQUISITES None RELATED LECTURES Lecture 1A.2: Steelmaking and Steel Products Lecture 1A.3: Introduction to Structural Steel Costs Lecture 1A.4: The European Building Market SUMMARY Steel has been produced for about 100 years. It is a modern material with an exciting future. The advantages of steel are described together with recent developments which have enhanced them, i.e. improvements in manufacture, enhanced range of properties, improvements in fabrication and speed of construction, adaptability, consistent quality, lightness, stiffness and strength. The future development of uses of steel, the associated training needs and the role of ESDEP in meeting those needs are discussed. 7

8 8 1. INTRODUCTION Steel was first produced in the Middle Ages, but it was not until just over a century ago that it was used for structural engineering. Today, many remarkable structures demonstrate the possibilities of this well developed material in their clear and transparent appearance, Slides 1-5. More information in the address: Slide 1 : Centre Pompidou, Paris, France 6. CONCLUDING SUMMARY Steel is a modern material, produced in large quantity with high and reliable quality. Steel is available in a wide range of hot and cold rolled products, as plates and profiles. Steel is easily manufactured into end products. Most of this manufacture takes place in quality controlled workshops. Site connections can easily be made and can carry load immediately. Given good corrosion protection and maintenance, steel has an indefinite life. Erection on site can take place quickly with little risk of delay. Steel structures are light and strong and only require simple foundations.

9 Existing steel structures can easily be adapted to new demands. Quality Control and Quality Assurance will give a further guarantee of the economic application of steel structures. 7. REFERENCES [1] Eurocode 1: "Basis of Design and Actions on Structures", CEN (in preparation) [2] Eurocode 3: "Design of Steel Structures": ENV : Part 1.1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings, CEN Brussels, [3] Eurocode 4: "Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures": ENV : Part 1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings, CEN (in press). [4] Eurocode 8: "Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures" CEN (in preparation) 9

10 10 Abreviation of the Workgroup Contents Lecture 1B.4.1 : Historical Development of Iron and Steel in Structures Top 1. PROPERTIES OF THE THREE FERROUS METALS: CAST IRON, WROUGHT IRON AND STEEL 2. EVOLUTION OF FERROUS METALS 2.1 Blacksmith's Wrought Iron 2.2 Molten or Cast Iron 2.3 Industrialised Wrought Iron 2.4 Steel 3. ACHIEVEMENTS WITH STRUCTURAL IRON & STEEL 4. THE PERIOD OF CAST IRON ( ) 4.1 Cast Iron Arched Bridges 4.2 Cast Iron in Buildings 4.3 Composite Cast and Wrought Iron in Building 4.4 Suspension Bridges 5 THE WROUGHT IRON PERIOD ( ) 5.1 Wrought Iron in Bridges 5.2 Wrought Iron in Buildings 6 THE STEEL PERIOD (1880-PRESENT DAY) 7. PRESENT TECHNIQUES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS 8. CONCLUDING SUMMARY

11 Previous Next Contents ESDEP WG 1B STEEL CONSTRUCTION: INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN Lecture 1B.4.1: Historical Development of Iron and Steel in Structures OBJECTIVE/SCOPE To appreciate how steel became the dominant structural material that it is today, it is essential to understand how it relates to cast iron and to wrought iron, both in its properties and in the way that all three materials evolved. PREREQUISITES None. RELATED LECTURES Lecture 1A.2: Steelmaking and Steel Products SUMMARY The properties of the three ferrous metals, cast iron, wrought iron, and steel, are described and the evolution of their production is summarized. The evolution of their structural use is also given and the prospects for further development introduced. 11

12 12 Slide 1 Slide 2

13 13 Slide 4

14 CONCLUDING SUMMARY Up to the late 18th Century, structures were designed essentially on the basis of proportion. Intuition gave way to calculation for all materials and theory took over to an increasing extent in the 19th century. Much of the present practice in steel design derived originally from timber in the 19th century. At that time the understanding of cast iron and wrought iron grew largely on the basis of component testing and proof loading. Rigorous definitions of stress, strain, working stress, proof loading and factor of safety appeared in the mid 19th century and gradually ordinary engineers learnt to calculate simple structural forms on the basis of assumed elastic behaviour and believe in the calculations without testing. In the 20th century, the greatest advances in the theoretical understanding of structures were associated with the airship and aircraft industries. The introduction of welding in he 1930s and the development of the theory of plasticity led to major changes in design thinking. For the future, the wider use of computers offers the possibility of achieving greater efficiencies in structures by considering 'whole structure' behaviour including the effects of cladding and partitions.