Chapter 1. Chapter 2. Chapter 2. Metals Nonmetals Metalloids. Ions cations: Na +, Ca 2+, Al 3+, Fe 3+ anions: Cl, O 2, N 3
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1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Metals Nonmetals Metalloids Ions cations: Na +, Ca 2+, Al 3+, Fe 3+ anions: Cl, O 2, N 3 Compounds ionic: formula contains metal and a nonmetal element covalent: formula contains nonmetal elements Chapter 2 Compounds ionic compounds have formulas that contains a metal and a nonmetal element covalent compounds have formulas that contain nonmetal elements 1
2 Chapter 2 Compounds ionic compounds have formulas that contains a metal and a nonmetal element covalent compounds have formulas that contain nonmetal elements What kind of compound? NaBr, PCl 3, Ca(NO 3 ) 2,AgC 2 H 3 O 2, C 6 H 12 O 6 Chapter 2 Compounds ionic compounds are composed of ions: a cation (positively charged) and an anion (negatively charged) covalent compounds are not composed ions. Ions cations: Na +, Ca 2+, Al 3+, Fe 3+ anions: Cl, O 2, N 3 polyatomic anions: NO 3, CO 3 2, PO 4 3-, ClO 3 polyatomic cation: NH 4 + Chapter 2 Writing formulas for ionic compounds: EVERY ionic compound contain ions cations (positively charged) and anions (negatively charged) Determining the formula consists of balancing the positive and negative charged ions so the formula of the compound is neutral. Memorize ions?.some yes, others we can determine from the periodic table. 2
3 Chapter 2 Memorize ions?.some yes, others we can determine from the periodic table. Looking at Group VIIIA the noble gases, Group VII is to the left. How many electrons would have to be added to fluorine so it has as many electrons as neon? Looking at Group IA how many electrons must be removed from sodium to have as many electrons as neon? Metals are always positively charged, nonmetals are negatively charged. Chapter 2 What is the formula of a compound containing potassium and oxygen? The formula contains the symbol for potassium (K) and the symbol for oxygen (O). Potassium is a metal and oxygen is nonmetal so the compound is ionic. Since potassium is a metal it will be a cation in the ionic compound, oxygen is a nonmetal and it will be an anion in the compound. Chapter 2 Since potassium is a metal it will be a cation in the ionic compound, oxygen is a nonmetal and it will be an anion in the compound. Potassium is in Group IA so K + Oxygen is in Group VIA so O 2- The formula must be neutral so I need two K + ions and one O 2- ion. So the formula must be K 2 O 3
4 Chapter 2 What is the formula of a compound containing barium and phosphate. Barium is a metal and phosphate (I memorized) is PO 4 3- So this compound contains a metal and a polyatomic anion IONIC! Barium is in Group IIA so Ba 2+ phosphate is PO 4 3- The formula must be neutral so I need three Ba 2+ ions and two PO 4 3- ions. So the formula must be Ba 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Binary compounds containing metals and nonmetal elements Symbol Element Stem Name B Boron Bor Boride Br Bromine Brom Bromide Cl Chlorine Chlor Chloride F Fluorine Fluor Fluoride H Hydrogen Hydr Hydride I Iodine Iod Iodide N Nitrogen Nitr Nitride O Oxygen Ox Oxide P Phosphorus Phosph Phosphide S Sulfur Sulf Sulfide Binary compounds containing metals and nonmetal elements The correct chemical name is composed of the name of the element followed by the name of the nonmetal which has been modified to the identifying stem plus an ide ending. NaCl 4
5 Binary compounds containing metals and nonmetal elements The correct chemical name is composed of the name of the element followed by the name of the nonmetal which has been modified to the identifying stem plus an ide ending. NaCl sodium chloride Binary compounds containing metals and nonmetal elements The correct chemical name is composed of the name of the element followed by the name of the nonmetal which has been modified to the identifying stem plus an ide ending. PbI 2 Binary compounds containing metals and nonmetal elements The correct chemical name is composed of the name of the element followed by the name of the nonmetal which has been modified to the identifying stem plus an ide ending. PbI 2 lead iodide 5
6 Binary compounds containing metals and nonmetal elements The correct chemical name is composed of the name of the element followed by the name of the nonmetal which has been modified to the identifying stem plus an ide ending. Al 2 O 3 Binary compounds containing metals and nonmetal elements The correct chemical name is composed of the name of the element followed by the name of the nonmetal which has been modified to the identifying stem plus an ide ending. Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide Binary compounds containing metals and nonmetal elements The correct chemical name is composed of the name of the element followed by the name of the nonmetal which has been modified to the identifying stem plus an ide ending. BaS 6
7 Binary compounds containing metals and nonmetal elements The correct chemical name is composed of the name of the element followed by the name of the nonmetal which has been modified to the identifying stem plus an ide ending. BaS barium sulfide The element written first is named first and the second element retains the modified binary ending of ide. In addition a Latin or Greek prefix is associated with the name of each element to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the periodic table. For example, 1 mono 6 hexa 2 di 7 hepta 3 tri 8 octa 4 tetra 9 nona 5 penta 10 deca CO 2 CO 7
8 CO 2 carbon dioxide CO carbon monoxide N 2 O NO NO 2 N 2 O 4 N 2 O dinitrogen oxide NO nitrogen monoxide NO 2 nitrogen dioxide N 2 O 4 dinitrogen tetroxide 8
9 CCl 4 CCl 4 carbon tetrachloride P 2 O 5 9
10 P 2 O 5 diphosphorus pentoxide Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 C 4 H 10 C 5 H 12 C 6 H 14 C 7 H 16 C 8 H 18 C 9 H 20 C 10 H 22 Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen CH 4 methane C 2 H 6 ethane C 3 H 8 propane C 4 H 10 butane C 5 H 12 pentane C 6 H 14 C 7 H 16 C 8 H 18 C 9 H 20 C 10 H 22 10
11 Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen CH 4 methane C 2 H 6 ethane C 3 H 8 propane C 4 H 10 butane C 5 H 12 pentane C 6 H 14 hexane C 7 H 16 heptane C 8 H 18 octane C 9 H 20 nonane C 10 H 22 decane Ternary compounds Formula H 2 SO 4 (aq) H 2 SO 3 (aq) HNO 3 (aq) HNO 2 (aq) H 2 CO 3 (aq) H 3 PO 4 (aq) HClO 4 (aq) HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) Name Sulfuric acid Sulfurous acid Nitric acid Nitrous acid Carbonic acid Phosphoric acid Perchloric acid Acetic acid Polyatomic ions Formula SO 2-4 SO 2-3 NO - 3 NO - 2 CO 2-3 PO 3-4 ClO - 4 C 2 H 3 O - 2 Name sulfate sulfite nitrate nitrite carbonate phosphate Perchlorate acetate 11
12 Naming compounds with polyatomic ions Na 2 SO 4 potassium perchlorate NaNO 2 sodium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate. Mg(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 Na 3 PO 4 Naming compounds with polyatomic ions Na 2 SO 4 is sodium sulfate potassium perchlorate NaNO 2 sodium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate. Mg(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 Na 3 PO 4 Naming compounds with polyatomic ions Na 2 SO 4 is sodium sulfate KClO 4 is potassium perchlorate NaNO 2 sodium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate. Mg(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 Na 3 PO 4 12
13 Naming compounds with polyatomic ions Na 2 SO 4 is sodium sulfate KClO 4 is potassium perchlorate NaNO 2 is sodium nitrite sodium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate. Mg(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 Na 3 PO 4 Naming compounds with polyatomic ions Na 2 SO 4 is sodium sulfate KClO 4 is potassium perchlorate NaNO 2 is sodium nitrite NaHCO 3 is sodium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate. Mg(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 Na 3 PO 4 Naming compounds with polyatomic ions Na 2 SO 4 is sodium sulfate KClO 4 is potassium perchlorate NaNO 2 is sodium nitrite NaHCO 3 is sodium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate. magnesium acetate is Mg(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 Na 3 PO 4 13
14 Naming compounds with polyatomic ions Na 2 SO 4 is sodium sulfate KClO 4 is potassium perchlorate NaNO 2 is sodium nitrite NaHCO 3 is sodium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate. magnesium acetate is Mg(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 sodium phosphate is Na 3 PO 4 Binary Covalent compounds Formula HCl HF HBr HI H 2 S HCN Name Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen iodide Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen cyanide Binary Covalent compounds Formula HCl(aq) HF (aq) HBr (aq) HI (aq) H 2 S (aq) HCN (aq) Name Hydrochloric acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydrobromic acid Hydroiodic acid Hydrosulfuric acid Hydrocyanic acid 14
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