Yogyakarta and Central Java Earthquake. Brief Overview of the Disaster. 200,000 to 650,000 people homeless

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1 No. 28 Disaster Disaster Type Yogyakarta and Central Java Earthquake Earthquake GLIDE No. Date of Occurrence Country Location Indonesia Semarang, Yogyakarta Brief Overview of the Disaster Background Displaced On 27 May 2006, an earthquake measuring 5.9 on the Richter scale struck Indonesia s Java island. The epicentre was located approximately 37 km south of the city of Yogyakarta. The earthquake impacted eight districts within Yogyakarta province and the neighbouring Central Java province, severely damaging housing and infrastructure. The two worst-affected districts were Bantul, in Yogyakarta, and Klaten in Central Java. Severe damage was also caused to water and sanitation infrastructure, 164,000 household wells need to be cleaned or repaired and 155,000 latrines need to be repaired or rebuilt. The earthquake has also had a devastating effect of livelihoods, both as consequence of loss of production as families tend to their immediate shelter and emergency, but also because many people earned their living through cottage industries, such as crafts and cooking. 200,000 to 650,000 people homeless Dead 5778 Missing Not specified Injured 58,790 Housing Destroyed/ Damaged Total Damage and Losses (in USD) 360, million Notes Total affected: 3,177,923 Main Source: 1. centraljava/sitrep%20indonesia%20jogja-central%20java% %20(7).pdf 2.

2 Case Studies of Lessons Learned on Post Disaster Recovery <IRP Kobe> Serial Number Cluster Cluster Subtopic(s) Key Lesson Area Project Title Lead Agency(s) IDN-S-001 Shelter/Housing Labour and implementation, Housing reconstruction Strategy Shelter rehabilitation Early Recovery Assistance (ERA) Programme For Yogyakarta and Central Java UNDP Type of Organization UN Agency Project Objectives 1. To support Government and UN coordination planning and monitoring of early recovery; 2. To provide immediate support to the earthquake affected people in rapidly restoring their livelihoods and laying the foundations of longer-term sustainable recovery; 3. To provide technical, information, coordination and additional capacity support to the Government recon-struction efforts, with a focus on housing and infrastructure, to ensure a smooth transition from immediate re-lief to longterm recovery; 4. To provide support to the Government in incorporating disaster risk reduction concerns in the recovery pro-gramme. Implementing Strategy ERA s strategy for supporting the early recovery efforts in the earthquake affected areas of both Yogyakarta and Central Java will have six main elements: 1. Support to and alignment with the Government s Action Plan; 2. Combination of quick impact activities and activities that lay the foundation of medium and long-term capacity building efforts; 3. A multi-hazard focus; 4. Regional balance; 5. Use of local institutions and resources wherever possible; 6. Support for gender mainstreaming Achievment ERA programme, building on the momentum of the post-disaster situation and the launch of the National Action Plan for DRR and the enactment of the Disaster Management Bill in 2007, works in this field both at the policy and local levels. Through the programme, support is provided to the provincial governments of Yogyakarta and Central Java as well as several district governments in the two provinces to formulate local action plans for DRR. The ultimate objective is to mainstream DRR into local governments development plans. At the district level, the programme implements several capacity building initiatives for local governments, the communities and other concerned stakeholders, with a view to ensuring resilience in the future.

3 Challenges 1. To make best use of limited resources from national, international and private sources and move as quickly as possible to permanent reconstruction phases; 2. The limited provision will not meet needs in the rainy season, there still exist poor quality emergency shelters and lack of space privacy, the potential for families to return to their livelihood activities are severely inhibited; 3. The current policies of both Provinces envisage the allocation and disbursement of grants to enable the construction of permanent houses using steel reinforced concrete on a supervised, self-build basis. There is insufficient time for housing using such material and techniques to be completed before the monsoon season begin; 4. While many affected families are capable of surviving the monsoon season in sub-standard shelter, many vulnerable groups are not; notably the young, the elderly, and those already in poor health. Moreover, given the scale of the disaster, there is no assurance that employing targeting policies with a limited housing resource will meet the shelter needs of all vulnerable groups in all districts or meet internationally-recognized minimum standards for humanitarian shelter assistance; 5. Recent shelter responses to natural disasters elsewhere in South-East Asia have reinforced the link between poor shelter and poor public health, notably the increased incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) which results from overcrowded and damp living conditions lasting over a period of months; 6. Evidence from recent disaster responses also indicates a link between poor shelter and a reduced capacity to return to livelihood activities. Lessons Learned 1. Implemented a small grants shelter project: this programme encouraged local communities to build their own self-initiated temporary shelters, meeting immediate needs while ensuring that minimum waste of materials in the immediate aftermath of the disaster. Some 2,190 households received transitional shelter or roof structures through this assistance. 2. One step reconstruction is the right approach where families are not displaced, and transitional shelter is part of that one step: The provision of immediate shelters using a method familiarly called "Roof-First" construction, where basic wood/bamboo foundations are complemented by tile roofing. By early April, over 2,100 t-shelters are to be constructed, providing 1,327 units in Yogyakarta and 863 units in Central Java, impacting beneficiaries living in 19 villages in Yogyakarta and 8 villages in Central Java. 3. All part of one reconstruction process: from the prespective of disaster victims, emergency shelter, transitional shelter and permanent housing are all part of one reconstruction process. 4. Concerned affected communities' settlement option: handing responsibil shelter recovery to affected communities ensures them greater choice and con concerning their settlement options, and more dignified and culturally appropria environments. Note Reference(s) Title Date of Published 1. EARLY RECOVERY ASSISTANCE (ERA) PROGRAMME BAPPENAS UNDP COLLABORATION 2. CALL FOR PROPOSALS FOR SMALL GRANTS FOR NGO/CSO SHELTER ACTIVITIES 3. Current Recovery Status Report 1. December November 2007

4 Compiler Source Contributor(s) nload&pathext=lowongan/kewilayahan%20ii/&view=tor%20core_st aff_pmu1.pdf 0Project%20Information.pdf UNDP Early Recovery Cluster Name Organization Date Gulzar. Keyim IRP Secretariat Kobe 22-Aug-08

5 Case Studies of Lessons Learned on Post Disaster Recovery <IRP Kobe> Serial Number Cluster IDN-L-001 Livelihood/Employment Cluster Subtopic(s) Livelihood recovery-small business Key Lesson Area Getting people back to work is central to the long term recovery Project Title Early Recovery Assistance (ERA) Programme For Yogyakarta and Central Java Lead Agency(s) UNDP Type of Organization UN Agency Project Objectives ERA programme is to support the restoration of livelihoods affected by the earthquake disaster. Some of the key livelihood systems that have been severely impacted and require urgent support include: small scale ceramic producing units; home based handicrafts and batik producing units; small-scale food producing units; small workshops and machine repair shops. Implementing Strategy 1. Micro-enterprises and home-based industries restarted: The ERA programme will provide support for quick replacement of these assets; These activities will particularly focus on the most vulnerable households, including women headed households that may have only a single source of income, in the most highly affected villages. The ERA programme support will include grant assistance for replacement of productive assets, as well as support for working capital through local microfinance institutions and other mechanisms. The special needs of women, especially women headed households, must be addressed through support to micro-enterprises. Funding for such activities will be supported through micro-credit activities noted above. 2. Construction-Related Livelihoods Opportunities: A number of building materials production units has been heavily damaged. In the coming months, there will be a huge demand for building materials and it will be important to restart these units. Additionally, most of the residential buildings in the affected area were built by house owners with the support of their communities. The quality of construction of these buildings, especially from a seismic safety perspective, has been extremely poor. In the aftermath of the earthquake, given the scale of the disaster it is unlikely that all reconstruction will be done by house owners without considerable skilled support. There will be a huge demand for building masons, carpenters etc. for the reconstruction programme.

6 Achievment Challenges The programme provides this support through micro-finance and capacity building projects. 1. Partners: 13 NGOs, 4 universities, 3 civil society organizations 2. Outreach: 2 provinces, 5 districts, 17 sub-districts, 29 villages 3. Total beneficiaries: 4,015 households, 1,224 female micro-entrepreneurs. 4. Businesses supported: Earthenware, ceramics, batik, furniture, traditional weaving, herbal medicine, agriculture, building materials, garments, handicrafts, and food processing. From 2006 to 2008, the ERA programme is providing targeted support to the recovery of 1,000 micro enterprises and assisting in the livelihoods recovery of 20,000 impacted households. The UNDP-ERA programme empowers vulnerable groups, especially women. Subsequent to the disaster-emergency period, UNDP and its ERA programme serves as a crucial link between various early and short term recovery efforts with long term development planning and activities. Lessons Learned 1. ERA centered on recovery and strengthening of small enterprises and home-based industries; Some of the key livelihood systems that have been severely impacted and require urgent support include; small scale ceramic producing units; home based handicrafts and batik producing units; small-scale food producing units; small workshops and machine repair shops. ERA has supported at least 4,015 earthquake-affected households in over 29 villages across 17 sub-districts. 2. ERA provides quik asset replacement for communities struggling to regain their economic footing. Support through micro-finance and capacity building projects. 3. Empowered vulnerable groups, specially women. 4. ERA distributing small grants to 20 organizations selected through a " call for proposal" mechanism. Note Reference(s) Title Date of Published Source 1. EARLY RECOVERY ASSISTANCE (ERA) PROGRAMME BAPPENAS UNDP COLLABORATION 2. CALL FOR PROPOSALS FOR SMALL GRANTS FOR NGO/CSO SHELTER ACTIVITIES 3. Current Recovery Status Report 1. December November ad&pathext=lowongan/kewilayahan%20ii/&view=tor%20core_staff_pm U1.pdf oject%20information.pdf Contributor(s) UNDP Early Recovery Cluster Name Organization Date Compiler Gulzar. Keyim IRP Secretariat Kobe 22-Aug-08