Biology Slide 1 of 51

Transcription

1 Biology 1 of 51

2 37 1 The Circulatory System 2 of 51

3 37 1 The Circulatory System (The circulatory system and respiratory system work together to supply cells with the nutrients and oxygen they need to stay alive.) 3 of 51

4 Functions of the Circulatory System 1.Closed Circulatory System: a. Humans and other vertebrates have b. blood is contained within a system of vessels. 4 of 51

5 Functions of the Circulatory System What are the structures of the circulatory system? 5 of 51

6 Functions of the Circulatory System 2. human circulatory system consists of: a. heart b. blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) c. blood 6 of 51

7 The Heart 3. The Heart a. pericardium: protective sac of tissue around heart b. myocardium: thick layer of muscle, make up walls of heart *when contracted, it pumps the blood 7 of 51

8 The Heart Structures of the Heart 8 of 51

9 The Heart Superior Vena Cava: Large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium Right Atrium 9 of 51

10 The Heart Left Atrium Pulmonary Veins: Bring oxygen-rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium 10 of 51

11 The Heart Pulmonary Valve: Prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has entered the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary Arteries Right Atrium 11 of 51

12 The Heart Right Atrium Tricuspid Valve: Prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium after it has entered the right ventricle 12 of 51

13 The Heart Right Atrium Inferior Vena Cava: Vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium. 13 of 51

14 The Heart Left Atrium Mitral Valve: Prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium after it has entered the left ventricle Left Ventricle 14 of 51

15 The Heart Aorta Left Atrium Aortic Valve: Prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has entered the aorta Left Ventricle 15 of 51

16 The Heart Pulmonary Arteries: Bring oxygenpoor blood to the right or left lung 16 of 51

17 The Heart Aorta: Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the body 17 of 51

18 The Heart 4. septum: divides the heart into rt and lt halves *prevents the mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood. 18 of 51

19 The Heart 5. four chambers two atria and two ventricles.. A. Atrium: 1. upper chamber 2. receives the blood b. Ventricle: 1. lower chamber 2. pumps blood out of the heart 19 of 51

20 The Heart (Circulation Through the Heart Blood enters the heart through the right and left atria. As the heart contracts, blood flows into the ventricles and then out from the ventricles to either the body or the lungs. 20 of 51

21 The Heart There are flaps of connective tissue called valves between the atria and the ventricles. When the ventricles contract, the valves close, which prevents blood from flowing back into the atria. 21 of 51

22 The Heart At the exits from the right and left ventricles, valves prevent blood that flows out of the heart from flowing back in. Blood leaves the left ventricle, and enters the aorta. The aorta is one of the blood vessels that carry the blood through the body and back to the heart.) 22 of 51

23 The Heart 6. Circulation Through the Body *The heart functions as two separate pumps. 23 of 51

24 The Heart A. Pulmonary Circulation 1. circulates blood between heart and lungs. 2. In the lungs, CO2 leaves the blood and O2 is absorbed 24 of 51

25 The Heart B. Systemic Circulation 1. circulates blood between the heart and the rest of the body. 2. O2 leaves the blood and CO2 is absorbed 25 of 51

26 Capillaries of head and arms The Heart Circulation of Blood through the Body Superior vena cava Aorta Pulmonary artery Capillaries of right lungs Pulmonary vein Capillaries of left lung Inferior vena cava Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs 26 of 51

27 The Heart 7. Heartbeat a. Each contraction begins in the (sinoatrial) SA node or the Pacemaker in the right atrium. 27 of 51

28 The Heart The impulse spreads from the pacemaker (SA node) to a network of fibers in the atria. Sinoatrial (SA) node Conducting fibers 28 of 51

29 The Heart b. impulse travels across the atrium to (atrioventricular) AV node and carried to the network of fibers in the ventricles. Conducting fibers Atrioventricular (AV) node 29 of 51

30 The Heart c. network in the atria contracts, blood in the atria flows into the ventricles. d. ventricles contract, blood flows out of the heart. 30 of 51

31 Blood Vessels Blood Vessels What are the three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system? 31 of 51

32 Blood Vessels 8. three types of blood vessels: A. arteries B. capillaries C. veins 32 of 51

33 Blood Vessels 9. Arteries: A. Large vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body *Except for the pulmonary arteries b. have thick walls. C. connective tissue, smooth muscle, and endothelium. 33 of 51

34 Blood Vessels 34 of 51

35 Blood Vessels 10. Capillaries A. smallest blood vessels b. walls are only one cell thick C. narrow. d. bring nutrients and oxygen to the tissues E. absorb CO2 and other waste products 35 of 51

36 Blood Vessels 36 of 51

37 Blood Vessels 11. Veins a. carry blood back to the heart b. thinner walls than arteries. c. connective tissue and smooth muscle. 37 of 51

38 Blood Vessels 38 of 51

39 Blood Vessels d. Large veins contain valves that keep blood moving toward the heart. e. Many veins located near and between skeletal muscles. Valve closed Valve open Valves closed 39 of 51

40 Blood Pressure 12. Blood Pressure a. force of the blood on the arteries walls. b. keeps blood flowing through the body. c. measured with a sphygmomanometer. d. typical blood pressure is 120/ of 51

41 Diseases of the Circulatory System 13. Diseases of the Circulatory System a. leading causes of death and disability in the U.S. b. Atherosclerosis is a condition in which fatty deposits (plaque) build up on the inner walls of the arteries. c. High blood pressure is defined as a sustained elevated blood pressure of 140/90 or higher. 41 of 51

42 Diseases of the Circulatory System D. Heart Attack 1. 1 or more coronary arteries becomes blocked, 2. part of the heart muscle may die from a lack of oxygen. 3. If enough heart muscle is damaged, a heart attack occurs. 42 of 51

43 Diseases of the Circulatory System e. Stroke: 1.If a blood clot gets stuck in a blood vessel leading to the brain 2. Brain cells die and brain function in that region may be lost. 43 of 51

44 Diseases of the Circulatory System 14. Circulatory System Health Ways of avoiding cardiovascular disease include: getting regular exercise. eating a balanced diet. avoiding smoking. 44 of 51

45 37 1 Continue to: - or - Click to Launch: 45 of 51

46 37 1 The layer of muscle in the heart that pumps blood through the circulatory system is called the a. myocardium. b. atrium. c. ventricle. d. vena cava. 46 of 51

47 37 1 Oxygen-poor blood from the body enters the heart through the a. left atrium. b. left ventricle. c. right atrium. d. right ventricle. 47 of 51

48 37 1 Atherosclerosis is a condition in which a. blood cells die from a lack of oxygen. b. plaque builds up along the walls of the arteries. c. blood pressure is too high. d. the heart stops pumping blood. 48 of 51

49 37 1 The inner wall of all blood vessels is lined with a. endothelium. b. connective tissue. c. smooth muscle. d. myocardium. 49 of 51

50 37 1 The vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium is the a. pulmonary vein. b. inferior vena cava. c. aorta. d. superior vena cava. 50 of 51

51 END OF SECTION