Computer based Transport Planning
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1 Computer based Transport Planning Thomas Haupt, PTV AG
2 The challenge Urbanisation > Growing motorization > Growing (working) population > Growing demand for transport Need > Provide mobility, not standstill > Accessibility to activities & business > Minimise negative impacts of transport on > Social exclusion > Exhaustion of natural resources > Man-made environment GTZ / Gerhard Menckhoff. PTV AG 2012 Computer Aided Transport Planning 2 2
3 Steps of a Transport Master Plan process Step 1: Current Situation > Collect data > Where do people live? Where do they work? Where do they shop, spend their free time? > How does today s transport infrastructure look like? Road network, public transport network etc. > Today s mobility patterns: What trips do they do? How many trips? For which purpose etc.? > Represent this in a transport model (base year model) > Use state of the art software > Calibrate and validate the model Step 2: Visions and goals for future development > Visions for development of population, economy, infrastructure, quality of life > External influences, global trends > Definition of scenarios Step 3: Forecast > Development of mobility patterns, future transport demand, future transport volumes > Requirements for future infrastructure in each development scenario Step 4: Impact Analysis, Recommendations > Environmental impacts, requirements for future networks > What scenarios are acceptable and are selected? > What development of infrastructure, mobility systems and transport management are needed? PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
4 Systematic approach: development of a new transport system in alliance with massive new urban developments Land Use Population & Activity Needs Transport System Economic Development The Environment PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
5 Land Use Forecast 2011 PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
6 PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning 2016
7 PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning 2021
8 PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning 2026
9 Transport Supply: Functions of Roads Connecting function: > Linkage of central places and transport of persons and goods between places Feeder function: > Connector between specific locations for activities (living, working, shopping, etc.) and the primary road network. Discretionary function: > Children playing, window shopping, sitting in street cafes, sightseeing. Core issue of transportation network planning is to ensure that connecting, feeder and discretionary functions of roads do not overlap! PTV AG 2012 Computer Aided Transport Planning
10 Transport Supply: Road Classification > Highway/Freeway (long distance travel, high speed and volume, Function: connection) > Major Arterial (through traffic, no plot access, major bus routes, Function: connection) > Minor Arterial (through and local traffic with limited plot access, major bus routes, Function: connection) > Collector / Distributor (access to buildings/plots, carries main bus routes, Function: connection, feeder) > Access Road (access to buildings/plots, no motorized through traffic, low speed traffic,function: discretionary) PTV AG 2012 Computer Aided Transport Planning
11 Do Minimum 2026 Master Plan Proposal Free Flow Dense/ UnstableFlow Congestion PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
12 Project examples: Bus Masterplan Dubai Transport demand: desire lines PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
13 Computer aided network development Simulate demand & supply Avoid parallel services of busses (green) and metro (red) number of passengers (assignment weekday 2009) PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
14 Computer simulated network loading The resulting network: > Metro > Main bus lines > Feeder bus lines PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
15 Modelled supply: The digital road network PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
16 Transport Demand > Travel demand occurs when two activities (trip purpose) are specially separated. Trip Purpose > Home -> Work Zone 2 S (Work) > Work -> Shopping > Work -> Home Zone 1 S (Shopping) Zone 3 > Shopping -> Home Demand matrix S (Home) Urban Block PTV AG 2012 Computer Aided Transport Planning
17 Projekt Example: Rio Laguna: Demand 3.30pm-4.30pm PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
18 Modelled intersections: Layout and signal plans PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
19 Computer Aided Signal Control > Traffic engineering tool set > Up to 10 daily varying signal programs > Secured data handling PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
20 Demand + Flow + Level of service at intersections PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
21 Consistent & complete flow data from a Travel Demand Model PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
22 Signal Optimization (1) Green time split (based on volume/capacity) PTV AG 2012 Computer Aided Transport Planning
23 Signal Optimization (2) Cycle time (minimize mean delay time) Mean delay time [s] Considering predefined cycle times for signal coordination 60s 90s 120s Cycle time [s] PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
24 Signal Optimization (3) Optimal Offset Network (assignment required) PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
25 Signal Optimization + Network Loading (Assignment) Integrated optimization Assignment with Junction model Current signal program & flows Split time optimization Cycle time optimization Offset optimization Optimized Signal program Single junction Network Iteration +1 PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning N Stable Results? Y User Equilibrium Assignment with new signal programs & flows
26 Optimization results: before & after comparison Multiple Benefits: (1) Better use of road infrastructure (flow) (2) Less emissions (reduced number of red light stops ) (3) Reduced travel time (better coordination) (4) Increased productivity for traffic engineers (5) Instant and easy adaption to changes in network and land use PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
27 Model Example Stuttgart: Bike included PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
28 Land Use Demand Relationship (General Concept) More car traffic Shift from pedestrian to car traffic Reduced attraction of pedestrian and bicycle traffic and reduced access to public transport Car traffic Traffic Land Use Interaction (Traffic Spiral) Land use for roads Emissions, noise, accidents Traffic increase Increased distances - Within residential area - To workplaces - To leisure areas = Need for more transportation PTV AG 2012 Computer Aided Transport Planning
29 Land Use Land Use - Transport Modelling Framework Land Use Plan Residents Working places Shopping centres Schools, etc. Development Characteristics Regional accessibility Land use density Land use mix and distribution Input Transport Model Transport Demand Trip generation = f (land use density) Trip distribution = f (land use mix) Mode split (PrivateT., Public Transp) Transport Supply Road function and classification Public transport network Modes of travel Transport Model Who travels at what time to which destination? Using which mode of transport? Along which route? Assessment Impact on Congestion and Accessibility Traffic flows, Volume-to-capacity, Travel times, Wait times Level of service,... Output PTV AG 2012 Computer Aided Transport Planning
30 Transport Supply: Public Transport Network > Link network > PuT stops > Transfer Points > PuT line routes > Timetable/Headway PTV AG 2012 Computer Aided Transport Planning
31 Key Site Plan Concept for Public Transport 400m (5mins walk) High density employment with some mixed use Mixed use with some residential Residential with some offices and shops High frequency bus corridor Bus stop Rail Public transport hub PTV AG 2012 Computer Aided Transport Planning
32 Transport Model Development Land Use Data Trip Generation Road Network Trip Distribution Transit Network Mode Choice Traffic Assignment Yes Model Output (measures of effectiveness) Network or Operational Deficiencies? No Roadway Network Plan Yes PTV AG 2012 Computer Aided Transport Planning
33 Transport Model Bogota PTV AG 2012 Computer Aided Transport Planning
34 Transport Model Sao Paulo PTV AG 2012 Computer Aided Transport Planning
35 Planning and Traffic Micro-simulation > The main purpose of development traffic analysis is to recommend mitigation plan that would ensure safe and efficient operations of all transportation facilities after the proposed development is fully operational. Analyze Traffic Conditions Mitigation Plan PTV AG 2012 Computer Aided Transport Planning 35
36 Traffic Simulation PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
37 Continuous planning task After master plan is before master plan > Dynamics in development imply derivations from assumptions (accelerations or delays) > Framework conditions are continuously changing > Decisions might have be taken in a different way (derivation from plan) Monitoring and Regular update of planning base > Regular update of base data (land use and networks) > Update of the transport models and transport forecasts > Check of implementation of measures and investment plans > Update of plans and priorities > Re-assessment of impacts PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
38 The four key statements 1. Computer based transport models enable planners to perform multi modal planning for individual and public transport 2. Building and maintaining a transport model is an effort which pays off when used widely, continuousely and for several purposes 3. Solution testing and optimization: First in the computer then in reality 4. Achieved detail levels of traffic models can be used for operational schemes: Time tables, tariffs, signal plans PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
39 PTV. Planning Transportation Visions. PTV AG Computer Aided Transport Planning
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