Publiceringar och forskningsmedel den norska modellen

Transcription

1 Publiceringar och forskningsmedel den norska modellen Gunnar Sivertsen Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research, and Education NIFU STEP Studies in Innovation, Research and Education

2 Oversikt over presentasjonen 1. Innledning a. Resultatbasert finansiering b. Bibliometriske datakilder c. En oversikt over modeller 2. Den norske modellen a. Definisjon og avgrensning av vitenskapelig publisering b. Måling av forskningsaktivitet: publiseringsindikatoren c. Virkninger Konklusjoner

3 Overview of this presentation 1. Introduction a. Performance based funding b. Bibliometric datasources c. An overview of models 2. The Norwegian Model a. Definition and delimitation of scholarly publishing b. Comparable measurement (the publication indicator) c. The effects so far 3. Conclusions

4 The dual funding system (A simplified model excluding international sources, etc.) Government Research Councils Projects and Programmes Competition Research Evaluation Direct grants Historical, Political Strategic Performance based Higher Education Institutions

5 Same aims, methods, and effects? Government Research Councils Projects and Programmes Competition Research Evaluation Direct grants Historical, Political Strategic Performance based Higher Education Institutions

6 Motivation in Norway: The need for more emphasis on research in the overall funding model for the Higher Education Sector Study points since 2002 Budget for HES Basic: 60% Education: 25% Research: 15% Strategic Performance based Scholarly publications Since 2006: Publication points Dissertations External funding

7 The publication indicator was developed in for the Government by the Norwegian Association of Higher Education Institutions The Norwegian Higher Education Sector: The Norwegian Government required: 17,000 researchers 10,000 scientific and scholarly publications annually From theology to geology, from internal medicine to international relations, from macroeconomics to nano-technology Seven universities and forty-seven other HE institutions with different missions and subject areas Collect complete, standardized, verifiable and analyzable data for all publications! Weight the publications in a comparable way that at the same time stimulates research of good quality! Make the sector agree on the model!

8 Overview of this presentation 1. Introduction a. Performance based funding b. Bibliometric datasources c. An overview of models 2. The Norwegian Model a. Definition and delimitation of scholarly publishing b. Comparable measurement (the publication indicator) c. The effects so far 3. Conclusions

9 The standard (so far) database for bibliometric studies

10 Another starting point: Institutional information systems

11 But publishing is a shared activity in shared publication channels Stockholms universitets publikationer

12 This publication comes from Lund, Stockholm and Gothenburg Göteborgs universitets publikationer

13 Another challenge: Sociologisk Forskning is indexed by ISI, but Statsvetenskaplig tidsskrift is not

14 Coverage of all scientific publications in Norway s HE sector Based on (fractionalized) publications from % 90 % 80 % 70 % Scopus Web of Science 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 % 10 % 0 % Health Sciences Natural Sciences Engineering Social Sciences Humanities

15 Publications in Media and Communication from the Norwegian Higher Education Sector Norsk Medietidsskrift Nordicom Review Digital formations Journal of Intercultural Communication Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture Corporate Communications. An International Journal Television and New Media Convergence. The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies Javnost - The Public New Media and Society European Journal of Communication Game Studies Informacijos mokslai Journal of African Media Studies Media Culture and Society Scope. An online Journal of Film Studies Five other journals 25 other journals ISI Non-ISI

16 Publication types in five major fields Based on (fractionalized) Norwegian publications from ISSN articles ISBN articles Books Humanities Social Sciences Engineering Health Sciences Natural Sciences 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

17 One shared national database for all universities. Imported references from bibliographic data sources are validated by researchers or their assistants. Missing references are added. From Norart Books From ISI

18 An open nation-wide database with complete metadata for scholarly and scientific publications from The Higher Education Sector The Institute Sector The Hospital Sector References in the database may lead on to the full texts of publications Will be used by the Research Council instead of individual publication lists in Applications Evaluations Is now part of a more general national Current Research Information System in Norway (CRISTIN)

19 Principles behind the use of institutional data on a national level Completeness: All scholarly publications should be included Simplicity: All scholars can understand the measurement and its effects Transparency: Every institution can see and check all other institutions data. The national database is also online and open to society at large. Participation: The indicator is developed and maintained in collaboration between the institutions and the authorities Multiple use of the data: CV s, applications, evaluations, annual reports, internal administration, bibliography for Open Archives, links to full text, etc.

20 Overview of this presentation 1. Introduction a. Performance based funding b. Bibliometric datasources c. An overview of models 2. The Norwegian Model a. Definition and delimitation of scholarly publishing b. Comparable measurement (the publication indicator) c. The effects so far 3. Conclusions

21 Models for performance-based funding of research institutions Panel evaluation, ranking Bibliometric models All disciplines; all publications GB SF AUS S N DK Selected disciplines; Citation databases B

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23 New shared database

24 Overview of this presentation 1. Introduction a. Performance based funding b. Bibliometric datasources c. An overview of models 2. The Norwegian Model a. Definition and delimitation of scholarly publishing b. Comparable measurement (the publication indicator) c. The effects so far 3. Conclusions

25 The three components of the model 1:Delimitation and documentation A definition defines, and the publication database records and validates, structured and standardized bibliographic references to different types of scholarly publications in all fields of research. Author names and addresses are at the same time connected to persons and institutions. 2: Comparable measurement A system of weigths takes into consideration different publishing traditions and make them comparable in the same measurement of Publication points at the level of institutions 3: Incentives and funding In the overall budget each year, a certain percentage of the basic annual funding from the Government is redistributed between the institutions according to their shares in the total Publication points.

26 Delimitation of publication data by definition Definition A scientific or scholarly publication must: 1. present new insight 2. in a form that allows the research findings to be verified and/ or used in new research activity 3. in a language and with a distribution that makes the publication accessible for a relevant audience 4. in a publication channel with peer review*) *) In addition: Publication channels with authors coming mainly from only one institution are not included.

27 Dynamic records of scientific and scholarly ISSN-titles og ISBNpublishers 20,000 ISSN-titles and 1,000 book publishers so far Africa Today African Affairs African American Review African Archaeological Review African Arts African Development Review African Economic History African Entomology African Identities African Journal of Biotechnology African Journal of Crop Science African Journal of Ecology African Journal of Environmental Assessment and Management African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition African Journal of Neurological Sciences African Literature Today

28 All channels can be searched, and new channels can be suggested

29 Three main publication types 1) Article in ISSN-title 2) Article in ISBN-title 3) ISBN-title Channel Type E.g. scientific article in Nature or scholarly ISBNtitle on Oxford University Press.

30 Overview of this presentation 1. Introduction a. Performance based funding b. Bibliometric datasources c. An overview of models 2. The Norwegian Model a. Definition and delimitation of scholarly publishing b. Comparable measurement (the publication indicator) c. The effects so far 3. Conclusions

31 Dynamic records of scientific and scholarly ISSN-titles og ISBNpublishers 18,000 ISSN-titles and 1,000 book publishers so far Africa Today African Affairs African American Review African Archaeological Review African Arts African Development Review African Economic History African Entomology African Identities African Journal of Biotechnology African Journal of Crop Science African Journal of Ecology African Journal of Environmental Assessment and Management African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition African Journal of Neurological Sciences African Literature Today

32 Publication channels on two levels Level 2 represents the most prestigous channels and is defined in collaboration with the national councils in each field Level 2: Higher points to 20 % of the publications Level 1: Normal points to 80 % of the publications

33 Differentiated criteria for nomination to level 2 Physics Only most prestigous high-impact journals Economics Literature Leading journals, series and book publishers with authors from several countries

34 Publications in Media and Communication ,4 publications in 46 journals (of 312 journals in the total list) Norsk Medietidsskrift Nordicom Review Digital formations Journal of Intercultural Communication Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture Corporate Communications. An International Journal Television and New Media Convergence. The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies Javnost - The Public New Media and Society European Journal of Communication Game Studies Informacijos mokslai Journal of African Media Studies Media Culture and Society Scope. An online Journal of Film Studies 3 other journals 27 other journals Level 2 Level

35 Publication points Publication type Level 1 Level 2 Article in ISSN-title 1 3 Article in ISBN-title 0,7 1 ISBN-title 5 8 Publication points are fractionalized if the publication originates from more than one institution Publication Author 1 Author 2 Author 3 Institution A Institution B Institution C Institution C

36 A comparison of the faculties for the Humanities and for Medicine at the University of Oslo (2005) Fac Hum Fac Med Research personell WoS publications All publications (Norw. Model)

37 Institutional research profiles in three different universities (based on publication points ) 100% 90% Engineering 80% 70% Natural Sci 60% 50% Health Sci 40% 30% Social Sci 20% 10% Humanities 0% General Technical Agricultural

38 Overview of this presentation 1. Introduction a. Performance based funding b. Bibliometric datasources c. An overview of models 2. The Norwegian Model a. Definition and delimitation of scholarly publishing b. Comparable measurement (the publication indicator) c. The effects so far 3. Conclusions

39 Publication points in Norway s Higher Education Sector

40 Shares in the world s scientific output (ISI ) Source: National Science Indicators (NSI), Thomson Reuters 2,5 % Sweden 2,0 % Belgium 1,5 % Denmark 1,0 % Finland 0,5 % Norway 0,0 %

41 Effects on the institutional level The institutions have stronger incentives to facilitate research for their researchers Research is now perceived as a common and institutional responsibility, not only as an individual task New publications receive attention, not only from external peers, but also internally from the institution Research management improves with the aid of complete bibliometric information about the research activities

42 An example of effect at department level: Poster in the toilets of The Centre of Excellence in linguistics at the University of Tromsø

43 Overview of this presentation 1. Introduction a. Performance based funding b. Bibliometric datasources c. An overview of models 2. The Norwegian Model a. Definition and delimitation of scholarly publishing b. Comparable measurement (the publication indicator) c. The effects so far 3. Conclusions

44 Electronic information is here to stay

45 Differences in publication patterns can be recognized ISSN articles ISBN articles Books Humanities Social Sciences Engineering Health Sciences Natural Sciences 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

46 Incomplete representations create tensions within universities 100 % 90 % 80 % Scopus Web of Science 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 % 10 % 0 % Health Sciences Natural Sciences Engineering Social Sciences Humanities

47 Complete representations support transparence, visibility, and comparability 100% 90% Engineering 80% 70% Natural Sci 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% General Technical Agricultural Health Sci Social Sci Humanities