SHORT RESPONSE. Chapter 2 (p.56-72)

Transcription

1 SHORT RESPONSE Chapter 2 (p.56-72)

2 Answer the following questions in at 3-4 sentences. You will have 4 minutes. In what ways was Bacon s Rebellion symptomatic of social tension in the colony of Virginia?

3 Answer Bacon s Rebellion demonstrated the tensions created on account of a surplus of landless laborers and indentured servants. It also highlights a pervasive land shortage, which greatly affected the lower class.

4 Neo-European Colonies Tuesday, August 23, 2016

5 New France Fur trade: In the 1530s, Jacques Cartier ventured up the St. Lawrence River and claimed it for France In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded the fur-trading post of Quebec The French traded manufactured goods and guns to Native Americans in the region for beaver pelts and other furs which were popular in Europe

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7 New France The Jesuit missions: From , hundreds of French Jesuit priests lived among the Indian peoples and came to understand and respect them Conversion failed when Indians did not see results from the use of Christian prayers

8 New France Life in New France: In 1662, King Louis XIV made New France a royal colony, but migration and farming languished New France s population remained small France eventually claimed a vast quantity of land from St. Lawrence Valley through the Great Lakes and down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers By 1718, Robert de La Salle had founded the port of New Orleans at the mouth of the Mississippi

9 New Netherland Hudson River Settlement: In 1609 with Dutch support, Englishman Henry Hudson located a wealth of fur along a river in present-day New York In 1621, Dutch founded the colony of New Netherland, sending farmers and artisans to the region to build a community The new colony failed; the small population of Holland meant few migrants would go to North America West India Company granted land to wealthy Dutch along the Hudson who were unsuccessful in populating the estates

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11 New Netherland England invades: Settlers had hostile relations with Algonquin neighbors Formed an uneasy alliance with Mohawks Dutch focused on business profits and not land acquisition New Netherland had a diverse population of Dutch, English, and Swedish England invaded and took control of the colony in 1664 Leadership was uncertain in the years that followed, as Dutch culture remained but political control was contested In 1699, a colonist observed region was like a conquered Foreign Province.

12 Rise of the Iroquois Iroquois Domination: The Five Nations of the Iroquois bartered with French and Dutch traders for European guns Iroquois grew their population quickly and became powerful with the use of European weapons Aggressively attacked other groups, ritually killing the men and capturing women and children. In the 1660s, New France committed to all-out war against the Iroquois In 1667, the Five Nations in New France admitted defeat, accepted Jesuit missionaries into their communities, and settled in St. Lawrence Valley

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14 Rise of the Iroquois Alliance with English Settlers: Iroquois in NY survived war with France and forged new alliance with Englishmen who had taken control of New Netherland They remained a dominant force in politics of the Northeast for generations to come

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16 New England The Pilgrims: Religious separatists who left the Church of England Lived briefly among Dutch Calvinists in Holland 35 then migrated to America along with 67 who left England Led by William Bradford aboard the Mayflower First winter extremely harsh, only half survived until spring Built a community of houses and planted crops By 1640, Plymouth had 3,000 settlers because of worsening religious tensions in England

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18 New England John Winthrop and Massachusetts Bay: In 1630, Winthrop led 900 Puritans to America and became the first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony Wanted to create an ideal City upon a Hill Joint-stock corporation was transformed into a representative government with council and assembly, ruled by the godly Puritans limited voting rights to those who were members of the church Unlike Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts Bay established Puritanism as the state-supported religion

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20 New England Roger Williams and Rhode Island: Massachusetts Bay was purged of all dissenters Williams was a Puritan minister in Salem who opposed establishing Congregationalism as official religion of the colony and advocated tolerance He also questioned the practice of taking Indian land Was banished in 1636 and established Providence on land purchased from Narragansett Indians In 1644, a new colony was established, Rhode Island, with no legally established church and religious tolerance

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22 New England Anne Hutchinson: Wife and mother of seven Held weekly prayer meetings for women and made accusations against Boston ministers Believed in a covenant of grace not works Declared that God revealed divine truth to individuals and not only through ministers Puritan belief that women were inferior to men hastened officials anger towards Hutchinson She was banished in 1637 and settled in Rhode Island

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24 New England The Puritan Revolution in England: Religious war broke out in England English Puritans and Scottish Presbyterians demanded religious reform and parliamentary power After years of civil war, Oliver Cromwell emerged victorious. In 1649, a republican Commonwealth was declared Elaborate rituals and bishops were banned from the Church of England. The crown was restored in 1660 after Cromwell s death Restoration of the monarchy dashed Puritans hopes to return to England The Puritan colonies now stood stand as outposts of Calvinism and the Atlantic republican tradition

25 New England Puritanism and Witchcraft: Puritans saw signs of God and Satan in the physical world (birth defects, storms, unusual events, etc.) Many Christians incorporated some pagan practices into their daily lives Condemned those who claimed powers as healers or prophets Between 1647 and 1662, fourteen New Englanders were hanged for witchcraft. The 1692 episode in Salem was America s most dramatic episode of witch-hunting After young girls claimed to experience seizures and accused neighbors of bewitching them, accusations spun out of control. Charges of witchcraft were significantly reduced as colonists began to adopt the philosophies of the European Enlightenment, including rational and scientific thought

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27 New England A Yeoman Society, : Proprietors received tracts of land from the general courts of the colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut and then distributed the land to male heads of household; all families received some land Most adult men could vote in town meeting (local government); largest plots of land went to men of high social status The possibility of land ownership made New England a place of great opportunity for men

28 Short Answer What push factors caused people to leave England for its colonies in the seventeenth century? What pull factors drew them to particular colonies or regions?