President s Day Lecture

Transcription

1

2 President s Day Lecture The Design and Construction of a Modern Cruise Vessel Richard Vie Carnival Corporation & plc

3 Cruising What it is all about!!

4 Where I work!! Carnival Corporation & plc Founded in 1972 Dual listed Company Largest Cruise Company 100 ships with 8 more to be delivered by 2016 (2013) $15,5 billion revenue, $1,08 billion net income employees, at sea, guests

5 Carnival: 10 Brands $100 billion in economic impact $33 billion in global wages 775,000 jobs around the world Source: CLIA 2014 report

6 A bit of history P&O will claim it invented cruising and William Thackery (1811 to 1863) was said to be an early passenger However the origins of cruising lies with ocean liners and the jet air liner Comet entered service in May 1952

7 A bit of history (contd.) As the air liner took over from ocean liners as a means of transport these ships were turned in to cruise ships Mardi Gras ex Empress of Canada, delivered 1961 Canberra, delivered 1960 But these ships were not really optimised for cruising and the first purpose built cruise ships started to appear.

8 A bit of history (contd.) Some early examples Pacific Princess (the original Love Boat) delivered 1971 Song of America delivered 1982 Enough history!!!

9 Where we start Ask the customer, in this case the brand, what is required How many passengers? How many crew? Density; big or small cabins; how much public space? Length of cruise Speed Size limitations Special features

10 Next steps We develop a design in conjunction with the shipbuilders And our architects/designers

11 Ship Size Royal Princess (Princess Cruises) Seabourn Odyssey LOA (m) 330,00 198,15 B (m) 38,4 26 T Design (m) 8,30 6,4 Service Speed (Knots) GRT Passengers Crew

12 Benchmarking As we develop the design benchmarking is very important The size of the ship is measured as gross registered tonnage, GRT, which is actually the volume of the ship and is roughly a measure of the ship s cost The potential revenue is measured in terms of lower beds; the number of available passenger cabin beds (ALBs, normally two in a cabin) excluding pullman and sofa beds

13 GRT ratios GRT per lower bed Public room area per lower bed Open deck area per lower bed

14 Cabin size

15 Length Panama Canal max. LOA = 295m A certain length is needed to store lifeboats (now bigger lifeboats!!) Length is the most expensive dimension Operational issues: Available berths Turning in harbours and channels

16 Beam & Midship section Panamax, max. Beam 32,25m

17 Draught Old liners (10+m) vs cruise ships (8m) Port physical access limitations Deadweight Seakeeping Hydrodynamics (hull form/ propeller diameter) Draught Margin for the future growth

18 And don t forget the air draught Governed by bridges & cables For our big ships = 58 m limit As ships have more decks, leaves less height for an efficient funnel!

19 Deadweight Item Weight (Tonnes) Heavy Fuel Oil 1640 Gas Oil 1570 FO Sludge 30 Lubricating oil and special oils 100 Potable water 2200 Fresh water in heeling tanks 350 Boiler water 25 Distilled water 25 Laundry waste water 100 Bilge water 50 Swimming pools and Jacuzzis 250 Passengers with luggage 250 Crew with effects 150 Provision stores 350 Hotel and shop stores 170 Distirbuted provision stores 40 Technical stores 120 Owner's supply items 400 Spare parts (non class) 80 Sundries 115 Total 8015

20 Determined by itineraries and area of operation (weather) Operating profile Sea margin required Speed/power estimates required at an early stage Speed/ Power

21 Speed/ Power Influence hull form and machinery Diesel Electric propulsion

22 To provide all required power Propulsion Engine room services Hotel services Thrusters Air conditioning Diesel Engines or maybe Gas Turbines Installed Power

23 Conventional shafts Pods Propulsion type

24 Propulsion efficiency Required displacement and trim Stability Internal volume for crew cabins, stores, etc. Conflicting requirements for seakeeping Manoeuvring requirements Aft form influenced by machinery location Wake quality for propellers Different hull form required for pods Stern (for pods) or Bow flare/ shoulder slamming Hull form

25 Stability Intact Damaged

26 Catering spaces and flows

27 Passenger flows Positioning of public areas in relation to each other to achieve flows, ie: Bar Restaurant Theatre Theatre Bar Casino Nightclub Gym Spa Pool Café Revenue earning spaces such as Shops, Bars, Casino etc.. on routes Create a popular ship

28

29 Structure to accommodate public rooms Theatres and show lounges Sight lines Minimise pillars Compensate with bulkheads Interferes with cabins

30 Cabin decks Different cabin types: pre-fabricated Narrow superstructure: lots of balconies Frame spacing typically 725 mm with web every 4 frames Space for elevators, pantries, laundrettes, stairs, air conditioning, engine casing..

31 External styling / open decks Brand identity External profile Funnel & mast concepts- aesthetic and engineering Open decks, pools, sports facilities Wind environment/ screening Aerodynamics for exhausts Innovative features (climbing walls, golf courses )

32 System designs Must meet operational needs Meet but often exceed regulatory requirements Resilience through redundancy and system layouts Treatment for solid waste, liquid waste and air emissions

33 The Floating City For a ship with passengers and crew Water consumption is about 300 litres per person per day so this equates to litres per day or tonnes. The power just to keep everything working is about 12 Mw, enough for a town of homes

34 Waste Streams For a ship with passengers and crew 1,5 kg of solid waste per person a day is 6 tonnes a day 0,5 kg of food waste per person a day is 2 tonnes a day 25 litres of sewage per person a day is litres or 100 m 3 per day The rest of the water ends up as waste water to be treated

35 Medical Centre

36 Medical Centre American College of Emergency Physicians Health Care Guidelines for Cruise Ship Medical Facilities Two doctors, one senior nurse and up to four nurses depending on the ship size

37 Laundry and Stores There are a lot of towels, table cloths, sheets, etc. And provisions

38 Regulatory Environment International Maritime Organisation, IMO Classification Societies (Lloyd s Register of Shipping, for example) Flag State (UK flagged ships represented by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency, MCA)

39 Output from the Pre-contract phase A Detailed Technical description of the vessel: Technical specification GA Plan & profile Tank Plan Machinery arrangement Midship section Speed/ power estimate Loading conditions Weight estimate Stability limits Basic electrical & piping diagrams Energy balances Cabin layouts Public room concepts Draft Contract Maker s List

40 Building timescale

41 Where we build cruise ships USA UK France Finland Germany France Italy Japan

42 Block Construction

43 Keel Laying

44 Stabiliser

45 Machinery

46 Block Construction

47 More blocks added

48 Nearly ready to float out

49 Launching

50 Outfitting

51 Outfitting

52 Outfitting

53 Cabin

54 Outfitting the galley

55 Outfitting the galley

56 Drydock and sea trials

57 Painting

58 Anchor trials

59 The Control Room

60 Finished and ready to go!

61 Thank you for listening and any questions?