Microsoft Excel for Windows (Tutorial #1)

Transcription

1 Microsoft Excel for Windows (Tutorial #1) Objectives of this tutorial This tutorial is designed to further strengthen your skills in using Excel. This will assist you to work with and maintain lists/databases for further business analysis. In this tutorial, you will learn to: work with lists/ databases manipulate lists for further business analysis create and use pivot tables to analyse data Working with Lists/ databases Sometimes it is easier to store and work with data in spreadsheet format than to use a database package. In this exercise, you will need to copy another file from This file contains some employee data for CS Inc. we will use the data to manage a list and learn how to manipulate the list into a meaningful order. In this section you will learn how to work with and maintain lists/database. Before you begin working with lists/databases in Excel, it is important to understand basic ideas of lists/databases. A list is a collection of data arranged in columns and rows in which each column displays one particular type of information. In spreadsheet software, a list processes the following characteristics: Each column has only one type of information. The first row in the list contains the labels or column headings. The list does not contain any blank rows. The list is bordered on all four sides by blank rows and blank columns. Fields: e.g. Employee ID Records 2009

2 Page 2 Each column of a list is a field of related information describing some characteristic of the object, person, or place. Each row is called a record, which contains the fields that collectively describe a single object, person, or place. Consider the example from Employee4.xls. Notice that each column contains only one type of information and the first row contains the labels or column headings. The columns of information include a. ID employee s identification numbers b. First name/ Last name employees first and last name c. Department employees department name d. Title employees titles e. Salary annual salary f. Hire date employees hire dates g. Birth Date employees birth dates h. Gender gender i. Clearance None, Secret, Top Secret Adding a new record to the list Step 1: Click any cell within the list. Click Data on the menu bar and then click Form to display the Employee Data form. The form displays the total number of records in the list (32). In the data form, click New button to clear the text boxes. Notice that the New Record appears where the record number and total record count were previous. Step 2: You are about to enter a new record. - Type 4123 in the ID text box and then press Tab to move to the next text box. Tip: If your press Enter, Excel displays a blank data form and stores the previous information. Click the Find Prev button to return to the record you were working on and then continue entering information. - Type Steve in the First Name text box and then press Tab - Type Ballmer in the Last Name text box and then press Tab - Type Engineering in the Title text box and then press Tab - Type in the Salary text box and then press Tab - Type 5/1/2002 in the Hire Date text box and then press Tab - Type 4/14/1970 in the Birth Date text box and then press Tab - Type M (Uppercase) in the Gender text box and then press Tab - Type N (Uppercase) in the Clearance text box and then press Tab - Press the Enter key to add the record to the list. Excel automatically adds the record to the end of the current data list and displays an empty data form - Click the Close button to close the data form and return to the worksheet

3 Page 3 Searching and deleting a record In a large list that containing perhaps 500 records or more, looking for a particular employee s record could be very difficult. The procedure you follow to search or to delete a record form a list is similar to updating a record. Click any cell within the list. Click Data on the menu bar and then click Form to display the Employee Data form. - In the data form, click Criteria button. Excel blanks all form s text boxes - Click the First name text box and type Kenny to specify the search criteria - Click the Find Next button. Kenny s record appears in the data form. Or you can click Find Next repeatedly until you locate the record that you want to find. You decide to delete Kenny s record. - In the data form, click Delete button and then click the OK button to confirm the deletion. Excel deletes the record and automatically shifts rows up. Manipulating Lists for further business analysis Lists can be manipulated in a more meaningful format for business analysis. Manipulating lists include sorting, filtering, and subtotalling the lists. Sorting a list The employee list is kept in Hire Date order. When a new employee joins the company, his or her record is placed at the end of the list. Assuming that you are a manager, you have a meeting to discuss retirement benefits of the employees of each departments. You want to have the list in order by department and salary. Step 1: Click any cell within the list. Click Data on the menu bar and then click Sort. Often, sorting a list on only one field is not adequate because larger lists frequencetly have groups of entries that are identical in a particular field. A tie exists when one or more records have the same value for a field. When tie occur, your must sort the groups of records that tie on a particular field by another field the secondary sort field to break the tie. Step 2: In this case, you want the employee list sorted in order by department and then by salary within each department. - Click the Sort by list arrow to display the list s column headings. Click column heading corresponding to the primary sort field, which is Department, and click the Ascending or Descending option button. - Click the first Then by list arrow to display the list s column headings. Click the column heading of the secondary sort field, which is Salary, and then click the Ascending or Descending option button for the second sort field.

4 Page 4 Filtering From the meeting, you have been assigned to analyse the salary of employees by department and/or Title. Data filtering enables you to view just a portion of the list and hide selected rows. You want to view the range of salary for engineers, managers, etc. Step 1: Click any cell within the list. Click Data on the menu bar, point to Filter, and click AutoFilter to turn each column into a list box with a list arrow beside each label. Step 2: Click the list arrow next to the label you want to use as a filter. Then, click the criteria in the drop-down list by which you want to filter the list. AutoFilter list arrow Tips: - You can remove the filter by click Data on the manu bar, Point to Filter, and click AutoFilter again. If you click Show All instead of AutoFilter, all records reappear, but the AutoFilter list arrows remain next to each column heading. - With any criteria in effect, you can refine your query by using several AutoFilter dropdown filters in tandem. Doing so further restricts the rows that appear in the filtered list. For example, you can filter for Security Engineers who are F (female). In some case, you may want to define your own criteria for filtering. For example, you want to send out mailers to all male employees who were born in the 1960s because a company policy change affects their health benefits. Custom AutoFilters can be used to select appropriate records. Step 1: With all criteria cleared but the AutoFilter list arrows still visible click Birth date column list arrow. The criteria filter list appears below the Birth Date column heading. Step 2: Click Custom to display the Custom AutoFilter dialog box Step 3: Click the top left list box and then click is greater than or equal to. Click the top right list box and then type 1/1/1960. Then click And option button. Step 4: Click the bottom left list box and then click is less than or equal to. Click the bottom right list box and then type 12/31/1969 in the list box. Then click OK to apply custom filter. Using Subtotals to analyse a list

5 Page 5 When you have an Excel list data whose columns each contain one type of data, you can produce summary information about the numeric columns. With data arranged in order by department or title, you can insert a function to compute the total salary of each department or title. However, for a list with thousands of records, it takes minutes or hours to do so. Subtotals offers several list summary features including count, sum, average, minimum and maximum. Subtotals command automatically creates the appropriate formula when it senses a change in the value of a specified field. Assuming that you want to know the total salary of each department, you can simply insert subtotal in the employee list. Step 1: Click Data on the menu bar and then click Subtotals. Step 2: In the Subtotal dialog box, click the AT each change in list box and then click Department in the drop-down list to tell Excel to create subtotals by department. Step 3: Click the Use function list box and then click Sum. Tip: In order to use Subtotals feature, you must sort the list on the a selected field. You can remove subtotals by repeating step 1 and click Remove All. Collapse (+)/ Expand (-) Symbols allow display of more or fewer details

6 Page 6 Creating and Using Pivot Tables Pivot Tables provide a three-dimensional view of data that is often too complicated to understand in its raw list form. For example, you want to compute the salaries paid to male and female in each department. You may use combinations of Sort and Subtotals commands to do the task. One way or the other, the combinations can only show two-dimension views of data, which are the subtotals of salaries by gender or by department. Another question that you may want to answer is which department has the highest average salaries. Try using what you have learned in the previous sections and answer the questions above. A pivot table is an interactive table enabling you quickly to group and summarise large amounts of data. Instead of passively reading the report, anyone with an Excel pivot table can alter or move variables around to make the views that is easily to be understood. Assuming that you want to know which department has the highest average salary. You can use a pivot table to report. Step 1: Click any cell within the list. Click Data on the menu bar, and then click PivotTable and PivotChart Report to launch the PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard. Specify Microsoft Office Excel or database as a source of data and select PivotTable. Then click the Next button. Step 2: In the second PivotTable Wizard dialog box, you specify the exact cell range containing the list to summarise. Then click the Next button. Step 3: Click New worksheet option. Then click Finish. Excel creates an empty pivot table and pivot chart as new worksheets. PivotTable drag-anddrop area PivotTable Field List

7 Page 7 PivotTable appears when you create a pivot Step 4: Click and drag Department field from Pivot Table filed list to the Drop Row field area of the pivot table framework Tips: You can also set department field as column fields too. Step 5: Click and drag Salary field from Pivot Table filed list to the Drop Data Items Here of the pivot table framework. Step 6: Click anywhere inside the pivot table framework and then click the Field Settings button on the PivotTable toolbar. The PivotTable Field dialog box opens. (You can also find Field Settings button on your right click on the mouse anywhere in the pivot table framework.) Step 7: Click Average in the Summarise by list box. Click the OK button to return to the PivotTable report. Tips: - You can format values in the pivot table by clicking the Number button on the PivotTable Field before clicking the OK button. If you did not do it, you can use Field Settings button to do it later. - You can replace column and row fields in the pivot table by dragging new fields into the areas. Alternatively, you can click on the row or column headings and select Hide from the PivotTable Toolbar. Hide removes data from the pivot table area. Hide is also available on a right click on the row or column headings. You also want to analyse average salaries of male and female in each department. You add another field to a pivot table. Step 8: Drag Gender field button from the PivotTable Field List to the to Drop Column Field Here. (Or where Total is presented.) Release the mouse. Excel displays the newly rearranged format table, containing two column fields, to display average salaries broken out by Department and Gender.

8 Page 8 Using page Fields You can use a pivot table s Page field to hide and unhide one or more data items. Page fields provide a slice, or cross section, of your data. For example, you want to add Clearance filed as a column field in the pivot table. The table is overloaded with the detail. You can slice Gender or Clearance to create a unique view of a specific value. The following picture shows the pivot table that use Gender as Page Fields. This can be done by dragging the Gender field button to the Drop Page Fields Here area. Sorting on a pivot table You may want to see average salaries of each department sorted from the highest to the lowest. This cannot be done by using a normal Sort command. Step 1: Click Department column in the pivot table framework and then click the Sort and Top 10 button on the PivotTable toolbar. The PivotTable Sort and Top 10 dialog box opens. Step 2: Click Descending in the AutoSort Options area. Then select Average of Salary from the Using field. (For a larger data, you may select to view only top ten items by clicking On in the Top 10 AutoShow area.) Click the OK button. Acknowledgement: The content of this tutorial has been adapted from Microsoft Office Excel 2003: Complete by S. Haag ad J. Perry (McGraw-Hill) In your own time In this exercise, you will need to copy another file from Excel4_SaleDiscount.xls Name the file SaleDiscount4.xls This file contains sales data for CD supermarket, Inc. You need to analyse this data to answer the following business questions: 1. Which are my best selling products by volume? 2. Which products generate the most revenue? 3. On average, which sales order are discounted the most? 4. What are the top ten sales order values and how much are they?

9 Page 9 Checking figures: 1. Camembert Pierrot = 1577 units 2. Côte de Blaye = $141, The following sales orders are discounted at 25% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 4. The following sales orders have the top ten highest value $16, $15, $12, $11, $11, $10, $10, $10, $10, $10,164.80