High-resolution MALDI-FT-ICR MS Imaging for the in-situ Analysis of Metabolites from Intact Tissues. Axel Walch. Research Unit Analytical Pathology

Transcription

1 High-resolution MALDI-FT-ICR MS Imaging for the in-situ Analysis of Metabolites from Intact Tissues Axel Walch Research Unit Analytical Pathology Neuherberg,

2 Molecular Tissue Analysis by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry Patient Tissue sample Animal Cell type specific molecular patterns: Endogen Proteome PTMs Histone Modifications Peptidome Lipidome Cell metabolism Hormones Amino Acids Exogen Drugs / Metabolites Tracer & Contrast Agents Toxins Balluff et al., Gastroenterology 2012 Aichler et al., Lab Invest 2015 Lahiri et al., Expert Rev Proteomics 2016

3 Acquisition y Principle of MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry ( MALDI Imaging ) Matrix spotted section UV-Laser a.u Average mass spectrum * 4.5 MALDI-TOF MS * Acquisition x * * * H&E staining Stained tissue section m/z y 5 mm m/z x Aichler et al., Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015 Aichler et al., Lab Invest 2015 Hermann et al., Nat Rev Hepatol Gastroenterol 2009 Rauser et al., Expert Rev Proteomics 2010

4 MALDI FT-ICR MS imaging of Drugs and Drug-Related Metabolites

5 Mean intensity of SN-38 Quantification of Irinotecan / SN-38 by using an Isotope Labeled Compound Irinotecan SN-38 ILC & Matrix coverage (ILC = isotope labeled compound; d10-irinotecan) Dosed mouse Dosed tissue section dilution series MALDI MS image drug distribution Normalization of MS signals: I(A) normalized = I(A) I(ILC) Calibration curve of Irinotecan/ILC Calibration curve of SN-38/ILC R²= R²= Quantification y = ax + b Concentration (pmol/mm²) Concentration (pmol/mm²) Buck et al., Anal Bioanal Chem 2014

6 Whole Body Drug Distribution and Quantification of Irinotecan / SN-38 qmsi of Irinotecan and SN-38 on single organs and body fluids H&E 2 mm 100 mg/kg Irinotecan i.v. 1h after administration Buck et al., Anal Bioanal Chem 2014

7 MALDI Imaging of exogenous molecules: Drugs and related metabolites Grüner et al., Mol Cancer Ther, 2016 Huber et al., Anal Chem 2014 Buck et al., Bioanl Chem 2014 Buck et al., Bioanalysis 2014 Huber et al., Histochem Cell Biol 2014

8 Pharmacokinetics of Pirfenidone and Related Metabolites Sun et al., Histochem Cell Biol 2015

9 Pharmacometabolomics of Pirfenidone Sun et al., Histochem Cell Biol 2015

10 Gadofluorine M concentration [mm] relative intensity Spatially resolved quantification of gadolinium(iii)-based magnetic resonance agents by MALDI imaging after in vivo MRI. A Gadofluorine M m/z % 1000 µm 1000 µm Gadofluorine M m/z % m/z [Da] B C , ,04 Infarct Myocardium , , , ,00 5 min 10 min 30 min 60 min 6 h 24 h 48 h Aichler et al., Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2015

11 High-resolution MALDI-FT-ICR MS Imaging for the Analysis of Metabolites from Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Clinical Tissue Samples

12 Most Important Clinical FFPE Tissue Categories

13 In-situ Metabolomics of FFPE Tissues - Experimental Design 1. Sample preparation 2. MSI analysis 3. Data analysis Spectra analysis normal diseased a.u Average mass spectrum * * * * * * * m/z Heatmap & Clustering diseased normal Identification & Pathway analysis (KEGG) Ly & Buck et al., Nat Protoc 2016 Buck et al., Anal Chem 2016 Buck & Ly et al., J Pathol 2015

14 In-situ Metabolomics : Doing less is more In-situ Proteomics: Established protocols for peptide imaging of FFPE tissue: Deparaffinization Rehydration AG retrieval Washing Tryptic digestion MALDI MSI Xylene 1 Xylene 2 Isopropanol 100% EtOH 90% EtOH 70% EtOH 50% EtOH dh2o Citrate buffer dh2o metabolite loss In-situ Metabolomics: Protocol for metabolite imaging of FFPE tissues Deparaffinization MALDI-FT-ICR MSI Xylene 1 Xylene 2 metabolite loss

15 Chemical Conservation of Metabolites in FFPE Tissues Fresh-frozen FFPE N = % amongst 1700 m/z species were detected in two types of specimens N = 4 75% of identified compounds were detected in all three types of specimens

16 m/z Galactose 1-phosphate Spatial Conservation of Metabolites in FFPE-Tissues Colon Cancer Tissues Fresh Frozen FFPE FFPE TMA 1 mm 2 mm 2 mm 200 µm 50 5 Buck et al., J Pathol 2015

17 m/z Hexose 6-phosphate Spatial Conservation of Metabolites in FFPE-Tissues Colon Cancer Tissues Fresh Frozen FFPE FFPE TMA 1 mm 2 mm 2 mm 200 µm 50 5 Buck et al., J Pathol 2015

18 m/z N-Acetylglucosamine sulfate Spatial Conservation of Metabolites in FFPE-Tissues Colon Cancer Tissues Fresh Frozen FFPE FFPE TMA 1 mm 2 mm 2 mm 200 µm 50 5 Buck et al., J Pathol 2015

19 Metabolite Imaging of FFPE samples Biomedical Applications Can this method be used to distinguish between healthy and tumour tissue? Buck et al., J Pathol 2015

20 Metabolite Imaging of FFPE samples Biomedical Applications Chromophobe Renal Carcinoma (ChRCC) and Oncocytoma Onco ChRCC m/z * ChRCC Oncocytoma 50 Same origin and similar morphology, but different outcome m/z * 2 mm 0 50 Tumours can be distinguished from each other based on metabolic profile 2 mm 0 Buck et al., J Pathol 2015

21 Survival probability Metabolites as New Prognostic Marker in Barrett s Cancer m/z (cut-off 50% peak intensity) Low mass intensity / good prognosis patient: Covariate Hazard rate P m/z Tumor size (pt) Nodal status (pn) Metastasis (M) µm Good prognosis group (n=36) / low mass intensity High mass intensity / poor prognosis patient: Poor prognosis group (n=17) / high mass intensity 0.0 Log rank P = µm 0 Disease free survival time [months] Buck et al., J Pathol 2015

22 Conclusions Metabolite content in FFPE Tissues: Can be reliably measured by high mass (and spatial) resolution MALDI Imaging Appears to be more robust than other molecules in FFPE tissues Large number of molecules can be detected Mass resolution and accuracy allow a better annotation, which is limited by MALDI TOF Imaging (metabolites, proteins) Can improve molecular tissue diagnostics and tissue based research