John Ruszkiewicz. Maxine Hairston. Christy Friend. Upper Saddle River, NJ University of Texas at Austin. University of Texas at Austin

Transcription

1 RUSZMFM_ QXD 04/20/2005 SCOTT 10:02 AM Page i FORESMAN EXPRESS SECOND EDITION John Ruszkiewicz University of Texas at Austin Maxine Hairston University of Texas at Austin Christy Friend University of South Carolina Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

2 RUSZMFM_ QXD 04/20/ :02 AM Page ii Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ruszkiewicz, John J., SF express / John Ruszkiewicz, Maxine Hairston, Christy Friend. 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN English language Rhetoric Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. English language Grammar Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Report writing Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Hairston, Maxine. II. Friend, Christy. III. Title. PE1408.R '.042 dc Editorial Director: Leah Jewell Executive Editor: Paul Crockett Assistant Editor: Jennifer Conklin Editorial Assistant: Tara Culliney Marketing Director: Brandy Dawson Marketing Manager: Emily Cleary Marketing Assistant: Kara Pottle VP/Director of Production and Manufacturing: Barbara Kittle Production Editor: Maureen Benicasa Production Assistant: Marlene Gassler Copyeditor: Deborah Prato Permissions Coordinator: Ron Fox Text Permission Specialist: Michael Farmer Prepress & Manufacturing Manager: Nick Sklitsis Prepress & Manufacturing Assistant Manager: Mary Ann Gloriande Web/Media Production Manager: Lynn Pearlman Senior Media Editor: Christy Pepper Creative Design Director: Leslie Osher Art Director: Anne Nieglos Interior & Cover Design: Michelle Wiggins Director, Image Resource Center: Melinda Reo Manager, Cover Visual Research and Permissions: Karen Sanatar Manager, Rights and Permissions: Zina Arabia Manager, Visual Research: Beth Brenzel Image Permission Coordinator: Debbie Hewiston Cover Art: Getty Images/PhotoDisc Typeface: 10/12 Adobe Garamond Composition: Interactive Composition Corporation Printer/Binder: RRDonnelley & Sons Cover Printer: Phoenix Color Corporation Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on pages Copyright 2006, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department. Pearson Prentice Hall is a trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson is a registered trademark of Pearson plc Prentice Hall is a registered trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Education LTD. Pearson Education Singapore, Pte. Ltd Pearson Education, Canada, Ltd Pearson Education Japan Pearson Education Australia PTY, Limited Pearson Education North Asia Ltd Pearson Educación de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ ISBN

3 RUSZMFM_ QXD 04/20/ :02 AM Page iii Contents Preface v PART ONE Writing and Thinking 1 1. Critical Reading and Viewing The Writing Situation Planning Drafting and Revising Making Arguments Design Writing for the Web PART TWO Research Finding Information Evaluating Sources Using Sources PART THREE Documentation MLA Style APA Style Chicago Style CSE Style PART FOUR Sentence Revision Clarity Economy Variety Consistency and Sentence Logic PART FIVE Sentence Grammar Repair Sentence Fragments Repair Run-on Sentences Make Subjects and Verbs Agree Check Verbs Check Pronouns Check Adjectives and Adverbs PART SIX Grammar for ESL Writers Nouns, Articles, and Quantifiers Verbs and Verb Phrases Proofreading in English PART SEVEN Punctuation and Mechanics Commas Semicolons and Colons Quotation Marks Apostrophes Other Punctuation Marks Capital Letters, Abbreviations, and Numbers Spelling, Dictionary, Thesaurus Glossary of Grammatical Terms Credits and Works Cited Index iii

4 RUSZMFM_ QXD 04/20/ :02 AM Page iv 1a MLA

5 RUSZMFM_ QXD 04/20/ :02 AM Page v Preface 1a MLA DRAWING FROM THE BEST-SELLING COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOK, The Scott Foresman Handbook for Writers, this new, second edition of SF Express covers all the basics of grammar, mechanics, usage, and punctuation. But it does much more. Like its predecessor, this edition of SF Express is designed to help writers working in new environments with fresh attitudes toward composing. The fact is most of us are composing more and faster than ever before in both our professional and personal lives. This means we sometimes require general advice, sometimes we want precise guidelines, and sometimes we need to know where to go for more detailed information. You ll find all these needs addressed in this book. This new edition offers several new features: Chapter 1, Critical Reading and Viewing now encompasses critical reading of visual images and multimedia as well as traditional, printed texts. We ve added new information to keep pace with changing classroom environments. Chapter 5, Making Arguments, created especially for this edition, offers concise guidelines for analyzing and writing persuasive arguments for academic and public audiences. A new section in Chapter 10 defines academic honesty to remind writers that this concept should inform their research processes from the moment they choose a topic until they hand in the final version of a paper. Though we ve made significant updates, this edition retains what readers told us they need and appreciate most in SF Express. We still provide a concise, up-to-date introduction to doing research in college and documenting work in professional styles (MLA, APA, Chicago, and CSE). A complete student paper provides a clear model of MLA style. Express! boxes at the beginning of each chapter provide strategies for writing, thinking, and research. Specific guidelines and rules, amplified by numerous hand-edited examples, then follow. E-tips, thoroughly updated for this edition, cover everything from using Web search engines to choosing background v

6 RUSZMFM_ QXD 04/20/ :02 AM Page vi vi Preface colors for Web sites. To be sure writers have all the information they need, each chapter in the second edition also includes Destinations boxes list Web sites that cover topics in especially comprehensive or creative ways. The URL for each Destination is accompanied by an explanation of its content. Writers sometimes need a little encouragement or humor so each chapter begins with a comment on writing, research, or creativity by people as different as Albert Einstein and David Letterman. Thumbnail portraits of each commentator give this handbook a human face. All of this material is presented in the friendly and encouraging style that has been a hallmark of SF handbooks for more than a decade. We hope you enjoy this second edition of SF Express. JOHN RUSZKIEWICZ MAXINE HAIRSTON CHRISTY FRIEND