Promoting Mobility between Higher Education and Vocational Education &Training

Transcription

1 Promoting Mobility between Higher Education and Vocational Education &Training Dr Lawrence W Chan Deputy Executive Director Vocational Training Council 26 Nov 2014

2 A Snapshot of Switzerland Switzerland Population in M 1 Unemployment rate in 2013 (% of total workforce) Estimated GDP per capita in 2014 (US$) 84,000 2 Number of students joining apprenticeship after completion of lower-secondary education in 2011 Percentage of VET graduates at upper-secondary level who are eligible to be admitted to an university in , Median annual gross income of apprentices in 2013 (US$) 12,500 1 Median annual gross income of craftsmen and skills workers in 2013 (US$) 70,500 1 Sources 1: Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2: International Monetary Fund 2

3 The Swiss Dual-Track Education System Source : Facts and Figures, Vocational and Professional Education and Training in Switzerland 2014, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation, Switzerland 3

4 VET as a Share of Upper-secondary Education, in 2006 (%) Percentage of students in school based vocational and technical programmes Percentage of students in combined school and work-based vocational and technical programmes Source : OECD (2008c), Education at a Glance, Table C1.1, OECD, Paris. 4

5 Swiss Dual-track Approach to VET Two learning components Theory: classroom instructions at a VET school (1-2 days/week) Practice: apprenticeship training at the workplace (3-4 days/week) Two qualifications 2-year Federal VET Certificate 3-4 year Federal VET Diploma Covers 230 different occupations 5

6 Swiss Dual-track Approach to VET Top 5 most popular occupations by newly signed apprenticeship contracts in Commercial employee 2. Retail employee 3. Health care worker 4. Social care worker 5. Electrician 6

7 Swiss Federal Vocational Baccalaureate (FVB) Serves as a bridge between VET and higher education Is an optional general education qualification comprising the following subjects: languages, history and political science, economics/business administration/law, mathematics, and 2 vocational electives Can be obtained by attending Full-time while enrolled in a VET programme at upper-secondary level Part-time for 3 to 4 semesters while working A 1-year full-time preparatory course for the FVB Examination after graduating from the VET programme 7

8 Participation Rates of FVB Percentage of VET graduates who also obtained a FVB qualification Sources : OPET (2009), Facts and Figures. Vocational and Professional Education and Training in Switzerland, OPET, Bern. Swiss Federal Statistical office

9 Permeability in Swiss Education System Professional Education and Training (PET) Universities of Applied Science (UAS) Academic Universities Federal Vocational Baccalaureate University Aptitude Test Vocational Education and Training General Education Schools 9

10 PET qualifications ( of which are federally regulated) Federal PET Diploma Examinations Advanced Federal PET Diploma Examinations PET college degree programmes 240 examinations Federal PET Diplomas issued 170 examinations Advanced Federal PET Diploma issued 33 core curricula with a total of 52 areas of specialisation and over 400 degree programmes Qualifications at Tertiary PET college Level degrees Qualifications obtained from UAS, UTEs, cantonal universities and FITs 2 of which at UAS and UTEs Higher Education in Switzerland Qualifications at Tertiary Level of which at cantonal universities/fits 1 End-of-year figures 2010 according to Federal Statistical Office (2011a/2011b). 2 End-of-year figures 2009 according to Federal Statistical Office (2011c) (incl PhDs) Diplomas, Bachelors and Masters degrees/diplomas, Bachelors and Masters and PhDs Source : Facts and Figures, Professional Education and Training, Federal Office for Professional Education and Technology (OPET),

11 Federal PET Examinations Two levels of PET examinations leading to governmentrecognized qualifications Designed to test the competencies of learners to perform authentic tasks on the job Professional organizations responsible for establishing, drafting, and updating the examination rules The Swiss Government responsible for conferring federal recognition upon federal PET examinations, approving examination rules, supervising examinations and subsidizing 25% of the examination costs Preparatory courses available to prepare learners for the PET Examinations 11

12 Federal PET Examinations 240 federally-approved examinations Top 5 most common examinations by professions in 2010 Police Officer Human Resources Specialist Trainer Technical commercial agent Marketing Specialist 12

13 Advanced Federal PET Examination 170 federally-approved examinations Top 5 most common examinations by professions in 2010 Job Attendant Accountant IT Specialist Master Electrician Expert for Accounting and Controlling 13

14 PET College Provides tertiary-level training programmes that are federally recognized Professional organizations are involved in the preparation of national training plans and qualification procedures Full-time programmes last at least two years and 20% of the study time is devoted to a traineeship Part-time programmes last at least three years and 50% of the study time is related to working in a relevant industry Half of all PET college degrees issued in 2009 were obtained through part-time studies Graduates of PET degree programmes may be admitted to a relevant UAS Bachelor s degree programme 14

15 Relative Professional Income by Education Level in Switzerland Index (1 = no post-compulsory education) Year Uppersecondary VET Uppersecondary General PET University & UAS Source: Swiss Labour Force Survey, FSO 15

16 Experiences Learnt from the Swiss VET/PET Model Partnership between government and private sector is paramount to the success of the dual-track system Smooth transition from VET/PET to higher education helps promote the appeal of VET/PET to prospective students and their parents Involvement of state, local government, and professional organisations in quality assurance and development of system through legislation Establishment of a legal framework for VET system that covers 250 occupations Occupational profile Training content Competency of workers Maximum number of trainees Qualification procedures 16

17 Hong Kong Education System THEi VTC / Other VET Providers UGC-funded Universities QF L5 Bachelor s Degree Year 4 Year 3 Year 2 Year 1 Higher Diploma(HD) Year 2 Year 1 Bachelor s / Master s Degree Senior Years / Top-up QF L4 Associate Degree(AD) Year 2 Year 1 Bachelor s Degree Year 4 Year 3 Year 2 Year 1 QF L5 Post-secondary and Higher Education QF L3 Diploma in Vocational Education (DVE) Year 3 Year 2 Year Year 11 Foundation Diploma (FD) / Yi Jin Diploma (YJD) 1-year f Diploma of Secondary Education (DSE) Senior S6 Senior S5 Senior S4 Junior S1 S3 QF L3 Junior and Senior Secondary 17

18 The Chief Executive s Policy Address 2014 Mainstream education is not a straightjacket that fits all young people as everyone has his or her own interests and abilities. The Government should re-establish the positioning of vocational education in our education system and guide the younger generation in choosing their career 18

19 Earn and Learn Scheme Tripartite collaboration among the government, industry and training providers Through-train study pathway up to Higher Diploma and Degree levels Provision of financial incentives to encourage young people joining industries with a keen labour demand Industry allowance Guaranteed salary Government allowance 19

20 Earn and Learn Scheme Minimum Monthly Salary $10,500 $12,000 $17,000 Monthly Salary $8,000 (2 nd year) $8,000 (3 rd year) Industry $8,000 (4 th year) Allowance $30,800 Gov t Monthly Allowance $ 1,500 (2nd year) $2,000 (3rd year) $2,500 (4th year) 3 years (part-time) 3 years (part-time) Degree QF L5 Secondary 3 1 year (full-time) 3 years (part-time) Dip in Vocational Education (DVE) QF L3 Higher Diploma QF L4 20

21 Bridging the Gap between VET and Higher Education in Hong Kong (Pre-employment) Currently less than 5% of the Secondary 3 graduates join VET while the rest continue with the academic education VET graduates at upper-secondary level are not eligible to directly apply for university admission A vocational baccalaureate programme could be an attractive alternative for secondary school students who aspire to pursue university education but are not interested in academic education at uppersecondary level 21

22 Bridging the Gap between VET and Higher Education in Hong Kong (Pre-employment) Essential features of a vocational baccalaureate programme: Balanced mix of vocational and general education contents Pedagogy based on innovative approaches such as contextual learning, problem-solving, interactive e-learning, augmented reality training Flexible curriculum and programme structure catered to the learning needs of a diverse group of students 22

23 Educational Attainment of HK Labour Force by Age Group in 2012 (%) (0.33 M) (1.44 M) >=40 (2.03 M) 10 0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 QF and above Note The number inside each bracket denotes the size of the population within the sector. Source: Quarterly Report on General Household Survey July to Sept 2012 Census and Statistics Department, HKSAR 23

24 Hong Kong Qualifications Framework Officially launched on 5 May 2008 Supports life-long learning Qualifications are accredited Qualifications are level-rated, with use of credit size and appropriate qualification titles Education and training market better regulated, more transparent Facilitate planning of learning pathways and inter-institutional collaborations 24

25 Recognition of Prior Learning Enable experienced employees to receive formal recognition of the knowledge, skills and experience already acquired Help determine the starting point for learning and progression, thus reduce duplication in training for the same skills Quality-assured RPL mechanism is administered by qualified Assessment Agency Launched in 9 industries, with over 11,000 RPL holders and over 20,000 Statements of Attainment issued 25

26 Competent Para-professional in a Designated Occupation Bridging the Gap between VET and Higher Education in Hong Kong (In-service) Adult Learners University Bachelor s Degree QF(L5) Vocational Institute Higher Diploma QF(L4) VET Provider Professional Diploma/Certificate QF(L4) Assessment Agency Recognition of Prior Learning, QF(L4), leading to Certificate of Competency VTC Vocational Assessments, Trade Tests 26

27 Competency Requirements of a Qualified Professional in the Property Management Industry Occupation Job Descriptions : Senior Property Officer : Undertake building security work, manage facilities and equipment, handle emergency cases, human resources management and customer services management Competency Requirements Execute the management of building security tasks Manage the handling of emergency situations Monitor and improve the conditions of private road control and environmental protection of a building Monitor the use of carpark and loading area Manpower planning and training for staff within the property managed Customer service management Related Units of Competency PMZZEM401A PMZZEM402A PMZZEM406A PMZZFM403A PMZZHR401A PMZZHR404A RPL Qualifications Security Operational Work (Level 4) 27

28 Competency Requirements of a Qualified Professional in the Property Management Industry (Cont d) Competency Requirements Promote staff awareness of keeping the building environment safe Master knowledge of jurisdiction in relation to property management cases in order to handle legal matters Handle financial income and expenses Lead the team in the provision of quality property management service Occupational safety and health management in a property management environment Related Units of Competency PMZZEM403A PMZZLW401A PMZZFN401A PMZZHR402A PMZZHR403A RPL Qualifications 28

29 Enhancing the Mobility of Practitioners in Property Management Industry An Illustration Meeting the qualification requirements for a Senior Property Officer Higher Diploma in a recognized programmed offered by an accredited Vocational Institute plus a prescribed period of relevant work experience Professional Diploma in a recognized programme offered by an accredited VET Provider plus a prescribed period of relevant work experience Certificate of Competency issued by Assessment Agency through Recognition of Prior Learning mechanism 29

30 Success Factors in Mobility Enhancement Industry should define the competency requirements of an occupation based on the Specifications of Competency Standard of a given trade Training providers should work with industry to ensure their programmes meeting the manpower requirements Assessment agencies should work with industry to ensure that the required competencies for an occupation can be adequately assessed through RPL mechanism 30

31 THANK YOU 31