The Building Code of Australia (BCA) is a national code that applies to all states and territories through their own building control legislation.

Transcription

1 The Building Code of Australia (BCA) is a national code that applies to all states and territories through their own building control legislation. 1

2 Artificial lighting and power 3 Building class 3 Adjustable lighting / Tracking systems 4 Abbreviations and Symbols 5 Room aspect ratio 9 Illumination power density adjustment factors 10 Dimming systems 13 Interior artificial lighting and power control 14 Interior decorative and display lighting 16 Artificial lighting around the perimeter of a building 16 Boiling water and chilled water storage units 16 2

3 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING AND POWER The Building Code of Australia (BCA) is a national code that applies to all states and territories through their own building control legislation. BUILDING CLASS The BCA classifies buildings by their use. A building may be made up of a number of classes if it has mixed use. The BCA identifies the following building classes: Class 1(a) Class 1(b) Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 Class 7(a) Class 7(b) Class 8 Class 9(a) Class 9(b) Class 9(c) Class 10(a) Class 10(b) A single dwelling or attached dwellings (eg: terrace, duplex, etc) where each dwelling is separated by a firewall. One or more buildings that constitute a boarding house, guest house, hostel of small scale (ie: not exceeding 12 persons or 300m2 in floor area). A building containing 2 or more dwelling units (eg: flats, apartments, etc) A residential building for a number of persons such as a large scale boarding house, guest house, hostel, the residential part of a hotel, motel, school, etc. A dwelling unit that is a part of a commercial use. (eg: caretakers/managers flat) An office building. A shop or other building where goods or services are retailed directly to the public. A carpark building. A storage building or building where goods are wholesaled (eg: warehouse). A laboratory or a building where a process takes place (eg: factory, workshop, etc). A health care building (eg: hospital, clinic, etc). An assembly building (eg: community hall, sports hall, etc). An aged care building. A non-habitable building being a private garage, shed, or the like. A structure (eg: fence, wall, mast, swimming pool, etc). 3

4 KEY POINTS: In a Class 2 or Class 4 building (commercial flats/dwellings)the lamp power density / Illumination power density of artificial lighting must not exceed Within the building, 5 W/m2 On a Verandah/balcony of the building, 4 W/m2 When calculating the LPD in AGi32, the total power of the installation must be considered. For example: A Multifive 1x28w luminaire has a total wattage of 30w. The extra two watts for the ballast are also taken into consideration. The transformers / ballasts must be electronic when used for lamps. Halogen lamps must be separately switched from Fluorescent lamps. ADJUSTABLE LIGHTING / TRACKING SYSTEMS BCA requirements allow 100w Per. linear metre with a limit of 500w on a tracking system or the maximum capacity the circuit breaker can withstand. For example: 5 metres of track with 4 x 50w MH lamps will comply as the total wattage equals 200w, 300w under the maximum wattage. If there is for example a large amount of tracking and fittings required which exceeds the total of 500w, you take into account the maximum capacity that the circuit breaker of the system can withstand. This data depends on how much the particular circuit breaker can hold. To determine the maximum wattage capacity of a 16 amp 240 v circuit breaker, the following formula is provided with an example on how to calculate this: 16 amps / 240 volts = 15 Amps = watts / volts = 16 Watts = amps x volts = 3840 watts Aggregate designs are often useful as well. If one room fails by being 2w/m2 over the permitted wattage, but you have another room that is under by 2w/m2 they even things out and comply. Anything plugged in to the wall or if you have a display cabinet with lighting attached to the cabinet itself, it doesn t have to be included in your compliance test. 4

5 ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ABBREVIATIONS ABCB ALGA AS ASTM BCA BCC CSIRO ISO NATA U-Value Australian Building Codes Board Australian Local Government Organisation Australian Standard American Society of Testing and Materials Building Code of Australia Building Codes Committee Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation International Organisation of Standardisation National Association of Testing Authorities Thermal Transmittance SYMBOLS K Kg Kg/m Kg.m2 kw/m2 Lumens/W Lx M M2 M3 mm mm2 MW W W/m.K W/m2 kelvin(s) kilogram (s) kilogram (s) per matre kilogram (s) per square metre kilowatt (s) per square metre Lumens per watt lux metre (s) square metre (s) cubic metre (s) millimetre (s) square millimetre (s) megawatt (s) watt Watts per metre per degree Kelvin Watts per square metre 5

6 SPACE (W/m2) MAXIMUM ILLUMINATION POWER DENSITY Auditorium, church and public hall 10 Boardroom and conference room 10 Carpark general 6 Carpark entry zone (first 20m of travel) 25 Common rooms, spaces and corridors in a Class 2 building 8 Control room, switch room, and the like 9 Corridors 8 Courtroom 12 Dormitory of a Class 3 building used for sleeping only 6 Dormitory of a Class 3 building used for sleeping and study 9 Entry lobby from outside the building 15 Health-care children s ward 10 Health-care examination room 10 Health-care patient ward 7 Health-care all patient care areas including corridors where cyanosis lamps are used Kitchen and food preparation area 8 Laboratory artificially lit to an ambient level of 400 lx or more 12 Library stack and shelving area 12 Library reading room and general areas 10 Lounge area for communal use in a Class 3 building or Class 9c 10 Museum and gallery circulation, cleaning and service lighting 8 Office artificially lit to an ambient level of 200 lx or more 9 Office artificially lot to an ambient level of less than 200 lx 7 Plant room

7 SPACE Restaurant, Cafe, bar, hotel lounge and a space for the serving and consumption of food or drinks Retail space including a museum and gallery whose purpose is the sale of objects School general purpose learning areas and tutorial rooms MAXIMUM ILLUMINATION POWER DENSITY Sole-occupancy unit of a Class 3 building 5 Sole-occupancy unit of a Class 9c building 7 Storage with shelving no higher than 75% of the height of the aisle lighting Storage with shelving higher than 75% of the height of the aisle lighting Service area, cleaner s room and the like 5 Toilet, locker room, staff room, rest room and the like 6 Wholesale storage and display area SPACES/ROOMS NOT LISTED: Consider the following maximum illumination power densities for the following spaces that require a particular illumination average: - Rooms to achieve < 80 lux: 7.5 w/m lux: 9 w/m lux: 10 w/m lux: 11 w/m lux: 12 w/m lux: 13 w/m lux: 14 w/m lux: 15 w/m2 - > 620 lux: Must have a maximum efficacy of 80 Lumens/W 7

8 NOTE: The BCA allows you to reach compliance of a design as an aggregate through their Lighting Calculator. If some areas in a building don t reach compliance, you may still be able to achieve J6 compliance providing the rest of the building is far enough in the green to cover what you are over. For example: Room 1 is permitted 60w. Say we achieve 50w. We are left with 10w in the green. Room 2 is permitted 90w. Say we end up using 110w. We are now 20w in the red. Room 3 is permitted 90w. Say we end up only using 50w. We are now back to having an extra 30watts to play with and therefore we comply. Just because one room fails doesn t mean the design won t comply. To use the Lighting Calculator please go to Eaglenet. 8

9 ROOM ASPECT RATIO For enclosed spaces with a Room Aspect Ratio of less than 1.5, the maximum illumination power density may be increased by dividing it by an adjustment factor for room aspect which is: The Room Aspect Ratio of the enclosed space is determined by the formula of A/(HxC) A (Area) H (Ceiling Height) C (Perimeter) To find the room aspect ratio, you have to multiply the height of the room by the perimeter and divide it by the total area. If the result is less than 1.5, you can then use the following adjustment factor: (Room Aspect Ratio result / 3) and then divided by the permitted Watts/Sq.m. Example: Say it s a small office with 9Watts/m2 permitted. A (Area) = 5m H (Ceil. Height) = 2.7m C (Perimeter) = 10m Multiply HxC and you get 27. Divide A by 27 and you get Now that you know the room aspect ratio is and it s less than 1.5, you can use the adjustment factor highlighted in red above / 3 = 0.56 Current Permitted Watts/Sq.M = 9 9 divided by 0.56 = 16 9

10 ILLUMINATION POWER DENSITY ADJUSTMENT FACTORS Where rooms have particular control devices such as a manual dimming system or a motion detector, special considerations are allowed when calculating your w/m2. Adjustment Factors apply only to luminaires controlled by a particular control device. You can divide your total w/m2 for a room by the adjustment factor given for a control system. This can help reduce your w/m2 and potentially reach compliance. Lighting Timer Corridor Only 0.7 Motion detector At least 75% of space is controlled by this device Area less than 200m2 is switched as a block by one or more detectors Up to 6 lights are switched as a block by one or more detectors. Up to 2 lights are switched as a block by one or more detectors Manual dimming system. Not including Class 2 and Class 4 (Class 2 and Class 4 only) Programmable dimming system (DALI) Where at least 75% of the space is controlled by a manual dimmer 0.95 Where at least 75% of the space is controlled by a manual dimmer 0.85 Where at least 75% of the space is controlled by programmable 0.85 Dynamic Dimming Automatic compensation for Lumen depreciation. Fluorescent: High Pressure Discharge: Fixed Dimmer Where at least 75% of the area Is controlled by a fixed dimmer % of full power of which the dimmer is set, divided by: 0.95 Daylight sensor Lights within space adjacent to windows (not roof lights) Lights within space adjacent to roof lights

11 EXAMPLE 1: An office area illumination power density is to be less than 9 w/m2 Motion Detector However, our design calculations read 9.4 w/m2. How can we reach compliance? Given that the above office space has Motion Detector installed, we can consider the following equation: 9.4 w/m2 / 0.9 (adjustment factor for Motion Detector) = 10.4 w/m2 allowance. 11

12 EXAMPLE 2: Whenever you re dealing with two or more control devices in a room and you re unsure about which adjustment factor to use, an Average Adjustment Factor must be nominated. Motion Detector Programmable dimming system Our same office than Example 1 now includes the following installations: - Motion Detector (adjustment factor of 0.9) - Programmable dimming system (adjustment factor of 0.85) (a) Use the formula provided to work out the average adjustment factor: A x ( B + [ (1 B) / 2 ] ) A is the lowest adjustment factor (0.85) B is the second lowest adjustment factor (0.9) 0.85 x ( [1-0.9) / 2 ] ) 0.85 x ( ) 0.85 x ( 0.95 ) 0.85 x 0.95 = w/m2 / = = 11.14w/m2 allowance. 12

13 DIMMING SYSTEMS MANUAL DIMMING: Is where lights are controlled by a knob, slider or mechanism. Eg: 1-10v dimmer. PROGRAMMABLE DIMMING: Is where particular dimming levels are pre-programmed and automatically reactive to the time of day or an occupant sensor. DYNAMIC DIMMING: Where the lighting level is varied automatically based on lumen depreciation of the lamps or the amount of daylight contribution. FIXED DIMMING: Lights are adjusted to a particular level and cannot be changed by the user. LIGHTING TIMER: Lights are active based on a time and duration period manually entered into system. 13

14 INTERIOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING AND POWER CONTROL Artificial lighting of a room or space must be individually operated by a switch or any other control device. An occupant activated device, such as a room security device or a motion sensor, must be provided in the sole-occupancy unit of a Class 3 building. Not a requirement for aged care (Class 9c). An artificial lighting switch must be located and positioned within the space of one or more adjoining rooms where the effect of the lighting systems, due to the manual switching, are visible from the switch location. For example, if I am switching a light on and off, I should be able to view the effect of that from where I m standing. (refer to image below) Artificial lighting switch/dimmer An artificial lighting switch or another control device cannot operate lighting for a multi-functional area of more than 250m2 if in a Class 5 (office) building or Class 8 (factory/lab) building. However, for a single-functional space (ie: Swimming pool, auditorium, theatre, sporting stadium, etc) ) it can be operated by a lighting switch/control device. In a multi-functional space (not including Class 5 or 8 buildings), a lighting switch / control device cannot operate lighting of more than 250m2 within a 2000m2 area. 14

15 However, if the area is greater than 2000m2, then 1000m2 or less can be operated by the control system. 95% of light fittings in a building other than a Class 2, 3, 4 of more than 250m2 must be controlled by A time switch A motion detector Therefore, an office building must be controlled by a time switch and motion detector/s. (a) In a Class 5, 6 or 8 building of more than 250m2, artificial lighting in a natural lighting zone adjacent to windows must be separately controlled from artificial lighting not in a natural lighting zone in the same storey expect where -The room is less than 20m2 -The room s natural lighting zone contains less than 4 luminaires; or -70% or more of the luminaires in the room are in the natural lighting zone. (b) The requirements of (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) do not apply to the following: (i) Emergency lighting (ii) Where artificial lighting is needed for 24-hour occupancy such as for a manufacturing process, parts of a hospital, an airport control tower or within a detention centre. (c) The requirements of (d) do not apply to the following: (i)artificial lighting in a space where the sudden loss of artificial lighting would cause an unsafe situation such as in a patient care area in a Class 9a building or in a Class 9c aged care building. (i) A heated room where the heater also emits light, such as bathrooms. 15

16 INTERIOR DECORATIVE AND DISPLAY LIGHTING (a)interior decorative and display lighting, such as a foyer mural or art display, must be controlled (i)separately from other artificial lighting (ii)by a manual switch for each area, unless each area has the same operating times such as a museum, art gallery, in which case they may be combined. (iii)by a time switch where the display lighting exceeds 1 kw. (b)window display lighting must be controlled separately from other display lighting. ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING AROUND THE PERIMETER OF A BUILDING (a)artificial lighting around the perimeter of a building, must be controlled by a daylight sensor or a time switch that is capable of switching on and off electric power to the system at variable pre-programmed times and on variable pre-programmed days. When the total perimeter lighting load exceeds 100w, the artificial lighting around the perimeter must have an average light source efficacy of not less than 60 Lumens/W, or be controlled by a motion detector. When used for decorative purposes such as facade or signage lighting, the artificial lighting must have a separate time switch. (b)the requirements of (a) (ii) do not apply to the following: (i)emergency lighting. (ii)lighting around a detention centre. BOILING WATER AND CHILLED WATER STORAGE UNITS Power supply to a boiling water or chilled storage unit must be controlled by a time switch. 16