ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook one vision one identity one community

Transcription

1 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015 one vision one identity one community

2 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015 The ASEAN Secretariat Jakarta

3 The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August The Member States of the Association are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The ASEAN Secretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia. For inquiries, contact: The ASEAN Secretariat Community Relations Division (CORD) 70A Jalan Sisingamangaraja Jakarta Indonesia Phone : (62 21) , Fax : (62 21) , public@asean.org Catalogue-in-Publication Data ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015 Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, April ASEAN Statistics 2. Economics Trade Investment ISBN General information on ASEAN appears online at the ASEAN Website: The text of this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided proper acknowledgement is given and a copy containing the reprinted material is sent to the Community Relations Division of the ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta Copyright Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) All rights reserved

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 ASEAN in the Global Economy 1.1 Total Population Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (at current price) GDP per capita (at current price) GDP per capita (PPP*) Trade in Goods Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 6 2 ASEAN Economy 2.1 Annual GDP Growth GDP per Capita (at current price) Consumer Price Index in ASEAN6 (base year = 2005) Consumer Price Index of Transport and Housing in ASEAN6 (base year = 2005) Rate of Change Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average) Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average) 12 3 ASEAN Trade Liberalisation 3.1 Average Tariff Rates on Intra-ASEAN Imports Commodity Items with Zero Tariff 14 4 ASEAN Trade Performance 4.1 Trade in Goods Trade in Goods as Share of GDP Intra- and Extra-ASEAN Trade in Goods ASEAN Member States Exports of Goods by Destination, ASEAN Member States Imports of Goods by Origin, Top Ten Export Commodities in 2 Digit-HS*, Top Ten Import Commodities in 2 Digit-HS*, Intra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities in 2-digit HS*, Extra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities in 2-digit HS*, ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.1 Total Trade with Dialogue Partners Share of Trade with Dialogue Partners in ASEAN s Total Trade Exports of Goods to Dialogue Partners Imports of Goods from Dialogue Partners Trade Balance with Dialogue Partners Top 5 Trade Commodities with Australia-New Zealand, Top 5 Trade Commodities with Canada, ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015 i

5 5.8 Top 5 Trade Commodities with China, Top 5 Trade Commodities with EU-28, Top 5 Trade Commodities with India, Top 5 Trade Commodities with Japan, Top 5 Trade Commodities with Republic of Korea, Top 5 Trade Commodities with Russian Federation, Top 5 Trade Commodities with USA, ASEAN Trade in Services 6.1 Trade in Services Exports of Services by Broad Headings Imports of Services by Broad Headings Intra-ASEAN Exports of Services by Broad Headings Intra-ASEAN Imports of Services by Broad Headings 42 7 Investments in ASEAN 7.1 Net Inflows of FDI by ASEAN Member States Net Inflows of FDIs as Share of GDP by ASEAN Member States Net Inflows of FDI by Source Countries Net Inflows of FDI by Source Countries Net Inflows of FDI by Activity, Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community 8.1 Internet Subscribers/Users and Cellular Phone Density (per 100 persons) Ratio of Paved Road to Total Road Length Tourist Arrivals 50 ii ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

6 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015 INTRODUCTION The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Chartbook 2015, provides statistical updates on the various dimensions of the ASEAN economic community based primarily on data submitted by the ASEAN Member States (AMS). It covers the period of 2007, the year the Declaration on the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint was signed, to The AEC Chartbook, now in its 9 th edition, aims to walk its readers through the different developments taking place in the ASEAN region ranging from demography, economy, international trade, investment to infrastructure, in eight sections as follows: CONTENTS CAVEAT 1. ASEAN in the Global Economy situates the region in the global economy in terms of its population, economic size and growth, trade, and investment. 2 ASEAN Economy looks into key macroeconomic trends and developments within the region. 3 ASEAN Trade Liberalisation illustrates the progress made by the member states in promoting and facilitating free flow of goods within the region through tariff liberalisation. 4 ASEAN Trade Performance examines the trends of exports and imports of goods, composition and direction of trade within the region and with the rest of the world. 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners maps the region s trade position and the concentration and dependencies of traded commodities with its dialogue partners 6 ASEAN Trade in Services describes the trends of export and import of services within ASEAN and with the rest of the world. 7 Investment in ASEAN highlights the inflows of foreign direct investment into the region. 8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community examines other important elements characterising the regional economy i.e.information and communications technology, infrastructure, and tourism. The charts presented in this publication are based on data available in the various databases being maintained by the ASEAN Secretariat as submitted through relevant ASEAN working groups and/or data sharing schemes and/or as gathered from official publications and websites of the AMS and international organisations, as of 31 December Some data were derived/estimated using basic statistical approaches employed by the ASEAN Secretariat. Unless otherwise stated, these figures are in no way considered as official statistics, and are used only to give indicative information. ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015 iii

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8 1 ASEAN in the Global Economy 1.1 Total Population ,368 1,276 In million persons China India ASEAN United States Indonesia Brazil Pakistan Nigeria Bangladesh Russia Japan After China and India, ASEAN s population was the third largest in the world at 622 million in 2014, an increase of almost 10% from 566 million in and IMF World Economic Outlook October 2015 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

9 1 ASEAN in the Global Economy 1.2 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (at current price) GDP at current price Share to World GDP, 2014 in million US dollars India Italy Brazil ASEAN France United Kingdom Germany Japan China United States 2,051 2,148 2,347 2,574 2,834 2,950 3,874 4,602 10, ,348 ASEAN 3.2% France 3.7% United Kingdom 3.8% Germany 5.0% Japan 6.0% India 2.7% Italy 2.8% Brazil 3.0% China 13.4% Rest of the world 33.9% United States 22.4% 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 ASEAN is the seventh richest economy in the world and third among the Asian countries. In 2014, the region s share to the world s GDP at 3%, was at par with Brazil, Italy and India. and IMF World Economic Outlook October ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

10 1 ASEAN in the Global Economy 1.3 GDP per capita (at current price) In US dollars 119,488 96,930 93,990 86, ,823 84,904 61,066 60,947 58,538 69,167 56,820 63,630 54,411 54,370 45,056 58,655 82,008 Luxembourg Norway Qatar Switzerland Australia Denmark Sweden San Marino Ireland United States ASEAN 53,122 61,635 47,955 2,341 4, ASEAN GDP per capita has increased by 76% from US$2,341 in 2007 to US$4,135 in and IMF World Economic Outlook October 2015 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

11 1 ASEAN in the Global Economy 1.4 GDP per capita (PPP*) 137,162 97, ,969 90,636 83,066 79,890 70,686 67,166 66,347 64,421 80,698 66,616 61,899 72,892 84,307 60,887 58,149 55,097 Qatar Luxembourg Singapore Brunei Darussalam Kuwait Norway United Arab Emirates 51,335 43,143 San Marino Switzerland Hong Kong SAR 6,953 10,725 ASEAN The region s GDP per capita (PPP) has increased to US$10,725 in 2014, from US$6,953 in Two ASEAN countries, Singapore and Brunei Darussalam were among the top 5 economies with the highest GDP per capita (PPP) in the world. * Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) dollar takes into account the differences in the purchasing power of the US dollar in the countries. PPP $1 in a country, say Cambodia, has the same purchasing power as PPP $1 in all other countries in the world. and IMF World Economic Outlook October ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

12 1 ASEAN in the Global Economy 1.5 Trade in Goods Total Trade Share to World Total Trade, 2014 In billion US dollars Netherlands Republic of Korea United Kingdom France Japan Hong Kong ASEAN Germany USA 1,079 1,099 1,224 1,233 1,502 1,633 2,529 2, ,186 Netherlands 2.9% Republic of Korea 3.0% United Kingdom 3.3% France 3.3% Japan 4.1% Hong Kong 4.4% Rest of the world 41.6% USA 11.3% China 12.0% China 0 4,445 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 ASEAN 6.8% Germany 7.3% With a total trade of US$2.5 trillion in 2014, ASEAN accounted for 7% of the world s total trade in 2014, placing it fourth after China, USA and Germany. and UNComtrade ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

13 1 ASEAN in the Global Economy 1.6 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Total FDI Inflows Share to World Total FDI Inflows, 2014 In billion US dollars Australia Canada British Virgin Islands Brazil Singapore United Kingdom United States Hong Kong China ASEAN Canada 4.4% British Virgin Islands 4.6% Brazil 5.1% Singapore 5.5% United Kingdom 5.9% United States 7.5% Australia 4.2% Hong Kong 8.4% Rest of the world 32.8% China 10.5% ASEAN 11.1% In 2014, comprising 11% of the world total inflows, ASEAN was the top recipient of FDI in the world, followed by China and Hong Kong. and UNCTAD 6 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

14 2 ASEAN Economy 2.1 Annual GDP Growth In percent Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam ASEAN6 CLMV ASEAN The region s GDP grew at 4.6% in 2014, lower by 2.0 percentage points from GDP growth in CLMV remained higher than in ASEAN6 during the same period. Note: ASEAN6 = Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand; CLMV = Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Viet Nam ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

15 2 ASEAN Economy 2.2 GDP per capita (at current price) 60,000 56, ,000 40,000 41,535 In US dollars 30,000 20,000 10, ,105 3,901 1,730 10,784 1,278 2,816 5,436 2,053 5,005 1,709 4,135 Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam ASEAN6 CLMV ASEAN Member States GDP per capita varied widely. In 2014, GDP per capita in Singapore and Brunei Darussalam reached more than US$40,000; while GDP per capita in Cambodia stood at US$1,100. In Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand, the GDP per capita ranged from US$2,800 to US$10,700. Note: Myanmar s data is based on the exchange rate in the IMF-WEO database of October 2015, which is US$1 = 995 kyats (for 2014). and IMF World Economic Outlook October ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

16 2 ASEAN Economy 2.3 Consumer Price Index in ASEAN6 (base year = 2005) Overall Food Indonesia 180 Indonesia Philippines Thailand Philippines Malaysia Thailand Singapore Singapore Malaysia 120 Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam From 2013 to 2014, overall prices in Indonesia and Philippines grew considerably by 8.4% and 4.2% respectively. Similarly, Indonesia s food prices increased by 7.8 %, followed by Philippines (6.7%), Malaysia (3.3%), and Singapore (3.0%). ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

17 2 ASEAN Economy 2.4 Consumer Price Index of Transport and Housing in ASEAN6 (base year = 2005) Transport Housing Indonesia 140 Indonesia Philippines Singapore 140 Singapore Malaysia Philippines 120 Thailand 120 Malaysia 100 Brunei Thailand Darussalam 100 Brunei Darussalam Transport and housing prices in Indonesia registered an increase of 11.7% and 8.3%, respectively in On the other hand, Singapore s transport prices fell by 1.2% while housing prices in Brunei Darussalam slightly dropped by 0.7%. 10 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

18 2 ASEAN Economy 2.5 Rate of Change Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average) In percent Brunei 1.0 Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam -5 A positive (+) rate of change connotes currency depreciation while a negative (-) rate of change indicates currency appreciation. Except for the Indonesian Rupiah, ASEAN Member States currencies vis-à-vis the US dollar depreciated in The Myanmar Kyat and Thailand Baht depreciated the most, by 6.1% and 5.9%, respectively. Note: Myanmar s Kyat-to-dollar exchange rate is based on the IMF World Economic Outlook Database as of October 2015 and IMF World Economic Outlook October 2015 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

19 2 ASEAN Economy 2.6 Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average) per US dolar ,041 10,485 8,030 21, Brunei Darussalam Malaysia Singapore Philippines Thailand Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Myanmar Viet Nam per US dollar per US dollar Note: Myanmar s Kyat-to-dollar exchange rate is taken from the IMF World Economic Outlook October 2015 and IMF World Economic Outlook October ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

20 3 ASEAN Trade Liberalisation 3.1 Average Tariff Rates on Intra-ASEAN Imports CLMV, In percent ASEAN, 2.58 ASEAN6; CLMV, 0.54 ASEAN, 0.23 ASEAN6; Average tariff rate on intra-asean imports in CLMV has dropped to 0.54% in 2015 from 1.3% in 2014, bringing the ASEAN average rate on intra- ASEAN imports down to 0.23% in 2015 from 0.54% in Note : From , based on Common Effective Preferential Tariff; 2010 onward, based on ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

21 3 ASEAN Trade Liberalisation 3.2 Commodity Items with Zero Tariff ,000 85, ,000 In percent ,000 25,000 5,000 Number bar chart: in percent line chart: in absolute number ASEAN ASEAN6 CLMV ASEAN ASEAN6 CLMV -15,000 Since 2010, ASEAN6 has applied zero tariff to nearly 100% of the agreed commodity list. In the CLMV countries, tariff duties have been eliminated for more than 90% of the agreed commodity list in 2015, compared to 72.5% in Note : From , based on Common Effective Preferential Tariff; 2010 onward, based on ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement 14 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

22 4 ASEAN Trade Performance 4.1 Trade in Goods 3,000 2,500 Total Trade, 2,529 In billion US dollar 2,000 1,500 1,000 Total Trade, 1,611 Extra-ASEAN, 1,209 Extra-ASEAN, 1,920 Intra-ASEAN, Intra-ASEAN, In 2014, the region s total trade in goods grew slightly by 0.7% reaching US$2,529 billion compared to US$2,512 billion in the previous year. ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

23 4 ASEAN Trade Performance 4.2 Trade in Goods as Share of GDP Total Trade, 122% Total Trade, 98% In percent of GDP Extra-ASEAN, 92% Extra-ASEAN, 75% Intra-ASEAN, 24% 20 Intra-ASEAN, 30% In 2014, total trade in goods accounted for 98% of GDP. Intra-ASEAN trade share to GDP remained relatively stable at 24%. 16 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

24 4 ASEAN Trade Performance 4.3 Intra-and Extra-ASEAN Trade in Goods In percent share Intra- ASEAN 25.0% Intra- ASEAN 24.2% Intra- ASEAN 24.1% Extra-ASEAN 75.0% Extra-ASEAN 75.8% Extra-ASEAN 75.9% Intra-ASEAN trade has steadily accounted for nearly 25 percent of the region s total trade in recent years. ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

25 4 ASEAN Trade Performance 4.4 ASEAN Member States Exports of Goods by Destination, 2014 In percent share ASEAN Brunei Darussalam Intra-ASEAN Extra-ASEAN Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam Lao PDR, Myanmar and Singapore exported most of its products within the region while Viet Nam, Cambodia and Philippines shipped most of their commodities outside ASEAN. 18 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

26 4 ASEAN Trade Performance 4.5 ASEAN Member States Imports of Goods by Origin, 2014 In percent share ASEAN Brunei Darussalam Intra-ASEAN Extra-ASEAN Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam Brunei Darussalam, Lao PDR and Myanmar imported most of their commodity items from within the region, accounting for more than 50% of these countries total imports of goods. ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

27 4 ASEAN Trade Performance 4.6 Top Ten Export Commodities in 2 Digit-HS*, 2014 In percent share Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof 3% Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes 3% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rollingstock, and parts and accessories thereof 3% Rubber and articles thereof 3% Organic chemicals 3% Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin 2% 31% Plastics and articles thereof 3% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 11% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 16% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 22% Mineral fuels/oils and their related products, electrical-related products and nuclears-related equipment/appliances were the top three commodity exports, constituting almost 50% of ASEAN total exports. *HS - Harmonized System 20 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

28 4 ASEAN Trade Performance 4.7 Top Ten Import Commodities in 2 Digit-HS*, 2014 In percent share Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semiprecious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin 2% Organic chemicals 2% Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof 2% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rollingstock, and parts and accessories thereof 3% Iron and steel 3% Plastics and articles thereof 4% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 13% Articles of iron or steel 2% 27% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 22% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 20% Mineral fuels/oils and their related products, electrical-related products and nuclears-related equipment/appliances accounted for more than 50% of ASEAN imports. *HS - Harmonized System ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

29 4 ASEAN Trade Performance 4.8 Intra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities in 2-digit HS*, 2014 In percent share Export Import 35% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 26% 33% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 30% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-stock, and parts and accessories thereof 4% Plastics and articles thereof 4% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 12% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 19% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-stock, and parts and accessories thereof 4% Plastics and articles thereof 4% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 10% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 19% Mineral fuels/oils and their related products were the major intra-asean export and import commodity items, accounting for 26% and 30%, respectively. *HS - Harmonized System 22 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

30 4 ASEAN Trade Performance 4.9 Extra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities in 2-digit HS*, 2014 In percent share Export Import 46% Plastics and articles thereof 3% 40% Plastics and articles thereof 3% Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes 4% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 11% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 12% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 24% Iron and steel 4% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 13% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 20% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 20% The main export and import items of extra-asean trade were electrical-related products and mineral fuels/oils and related products. *HS - Harmonized System ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

31 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.1 Total Trade with Dialogue Partners In million US dollars 366, , , , , , , , ,439 81,081 67,708 China Japan USA EU-28 Republic of Australia- Korea New Zealand 61,209 47,771 37,243 5,401 India Russian Federation 22,543 9,496 Canada 13, In 2014, the region s total trade with China amounted to US$367 billion, followed by Japan (US$229 billion), USA (US$212 billion), and EU-28 (US$209 billion). 24 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

32 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.2 Share of Trade with Dialogue Partners in ASEAN s Total Trade In percent share ANZ 3.0% Canada 0.6% China 10.6% ANZ 3.1% Canada 0.5% China 14.0% ANZ 3.2% Canada 0.6% China 14.5% 45.9% EU % India 2.3% India 2.7% Japan 10.7% 45.9% EU % EU % Japan 9.6% 47.2% India 2.7% Japan 9.1% USA 11.1% Russia 0.3% ROK 3.9% USA 8.2% Russia 0.8% ROK 5.4% USA 8.4% Russia 0.9% ROK 5.2% China has continued to increase its share to ASEAN s total trade, reaching 14.5% in Meanwhile, shares of EU-28, Japan and USA have declined in recent years. Note: ANZ= Australia-New Zealand; ROK= Republic of Korea; Russia= Russian Federation ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

33 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.3 Exports of Goods to Dialogue Partners In percent share ANZ 3.6% Canada 0.6% China 9.1% ANZ 4.0% Canada 0.6% China 12.0% ANZ 4.0% Canada 0.6% China 11.6% EU % EU % EU % 45.4% India 2.9% Japan 9.9% 47.1% India 3.3% Japan 9.7% 49.2% India 3.4% Japan 9.3% USA 12.3% Russia 0.2% ROK 3.4% USA 9.0% Russia 0.4% ROK 4.2% USA 9.5% Russia 0.4% ROK 4.0% China has become the top destination of ASEAN s exports with share to total exports increasing from 9% in 2007 to almost 12% in In contrast, the shares of EU-28, Japan and USA have declined in recent years. Note: ANZ= Australia-New Zealand; ROK= Republic of Korea; Russia= Russian Federation 26 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

34 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.4 Imports of Goods from Dialogue Partners In percent share ANZ 2.2% Canada 0.6% China 12.4% ANZ 2.1% Canada 0.5% China 16.0% ANZ 2.4% Canada 0.5% China 17.5% 46.6% EU % India 1.7% Japan 11.7% 44.7% EU % India 2.1% Japan 9.5% 45.2% EU % India 2.0% Japan 8.8% USA 9.6% Rusia 0.4% ROK 4.2% USA 7.5% Rusia 1.2% ROK 6.6% USA 7.3% Rusia 1.4% ROK 6.5% In 2014, ASEAN s imports of Chinese-made products have intensified while shipments from Japan and USA have moderated. Note: ANZ= Australia-New Zealand; ROK= Republic of Korea; Russia= Russian Federation ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

35 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.5 Trade Balance with Dialogue Partners In billion US dollars 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, ,000-20,000-30,000-40,000-50,000 24,557 1,785-1,841 18,944 11,406-28,191 ANZ Canada China EU-28 India Japan Republic of Korea ,713 Russian Federation 32,321 USA -60,000-70,000-80,000-65,713 The region has consistently ran trade surplus with Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India, Japan, and USA. On the other hand, ASEAN has widened trade deficit with China, Republic of Korea, and Russian Federation since Note: A positive value indicates trade surplus; the region is a net exporter. 28 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

36 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.6 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Australia-New Zealand, 2014 In percent share Export Import 32% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 35% 52% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 19% Articles of iron or steel 4% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rollingstock, and parts and accessories thereof 10% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 12% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 7% Meat and edible meat offal 4% Cereals 8% Nickel and articles thereof 6% Dairy produce; birds eggs; natural honey; edible products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included 11% Mineral fuels, oils and related products were the major traded items, both exports and imports, with Australia and New Zealand. Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

37 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.7 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Canada, 2014 In percent share Export Import 51% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 18% 43% Fertilisers 15% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 13% Rubber and articles thereof 5% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 9% Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted 5% Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted 12% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 8% Cereals 10% Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic material; recovered (waste and scrap) paper or paperboard 11% Exports to Canada were mainly electrical machinery/equipment and articles of apparel and clothing accessories. Imports consisted of fertilizers and nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances. Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code 30 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

38 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.8 Top 5 Trade Commodities with China, 2014 In percent share Export Import Rubber and articles thereof 6% 38% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 27% Articles of iron or steel 3% 39% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 30% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 10% Plastics and articles thereof 7% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 12% Iron and steel 6% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 4% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 18% Electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof accounted for nearly 30% of the region s trade with China. Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

39 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.9 Top 5 Trade Commodities with EU-28, 2014 In percent share Export Import 50% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 25% Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof 5% 45% Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof 4% Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted 4% Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts of such articles 5% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 12% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rollingstock, and parts and accessories thereof 5% Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 7% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 17% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 21% Exports to EU-28 mainly consisted of electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders/reproducers, and parts thereof, while imports chiefly comprised nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances. Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code 32 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

40 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.10 Top 5 Trade Commodities with India, 2014 In percent share Export Import 34% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 23% 48% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 29% Organic chemicals 6% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 10% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 12% Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes 15% Cereals 4% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 7% Organic chemicals 7% Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin 5% Similar to trade with Australia and New Zealand, the region s export and import items with India mostly consisted of mineral fuels, oils and related products. Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

41 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.11 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Japan, 2014 In percent share Export Import 40% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 25% Plastics and articles thereof 5% 34% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 22% Plastics and articles thereof 3% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 8% Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal 5% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 19% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-stock, and parts and accessories thereof 10% Iron and steel 9% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 20% Mineral fuels, oils and related products were the region s primary exports to Japan, while nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances topped the list of its imported items from Japan. Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code 34 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

42 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.12 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Republic of Korea, 2014 In percent share Export Import Organic chemicals 3% 35% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 29% Iron and steel 6% Plastics and articles thereof 5% 28% Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted 4% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 6% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 23% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 8% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 22% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 31% Exports to the Republic of Korea largely comprised mineral fuels, oils and related products while imports were mostly made up of electrical machinery/ equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof. Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code Source of data: ASEAN Secretariat ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

43 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.13 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Russian Federation, 2014 In percent share Export Import 43% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 27% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 75% Plastics and articles thereof 4% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-stock, and parts and accessories thereof 6% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 9% Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes 11% 6% Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin 1% Fertilisers 5% Nickel and articles thereof 6% Iron and steel 7% The region s chief export products to Russian Federation were electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof. On the other hand, mineral fuels, oils and related products accounted for three-fourths of ASEAN s imported goods from Russian Federation. Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code 36 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

44 5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.14 Top 5 Trade Commodities with USA, 2014 In percent share 42% Export Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 24% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 5% 39% Import Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 21% Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof 5% Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted 6% Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted 9% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 14% Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof 6% Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 9% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 20% Electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof comprised nearly one-fourth of ASEAN s exports to USA. Imports from USA contained mainly of electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof and nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances. Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

45 6 ASEAN Trade in Services 6.1 Trade in Services In billion US dollars Total Import, Total Export, Total Import, Total Export, % of GDP Total Import, 14.0% Total Export, 12.8% Total Import, 12.2% Total Export, 11.9% ASEAN trade in services has increased significantly over time, with total import and export reaching US$314 billion and US$306 billion respectively, both accounting for approximately 12% of the region s GDP in Note: Based on IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 6 th Edition. 38 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

46 6 ASEAN Trade in Services 6.2 Exports of Services by Broad Headings In percent share % 35.4% 23.2% Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others. Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. Transport % 35.8% 23.1% Travel Construction % 34.7% 22.7% Insurance and pension services Financial services Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e % 33.5% 21.5% Telecommunications, computer, and information services Other business services % 31.8% 21.7% Personal, cultural, and recreational services Government goods and services, n.i.e Travel, Transportation and Other business services were consistently the major exports of services in ASEAN, constituting a combined share of 80% of the region s total exports of services. Note: Based on IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 6 th Edition. ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

47 6 ASEAN Trade in Services 6.3 Imports of Services by Broad Headings In percent share % 20.5% 22.0% 33.4% 19.8% 22.8% 35.2% 20.0% 21.2% 36.5% 19.5% 21.1% 35.7% 20.3% 20.8% Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others. Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. Transport Travel Construction Insurance and pension services Financial services Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e Telecommunications, computer, and information services Other business services Personal, cultural, and recreational services Government goods and services, n.i.e With a total share of 76%, Transport, Travel, and Other business services continued to be the major sectors of ASEAN s imports of services in Note: Based on IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 6 th Edition. 40 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

48 6 ASEAN Trade in Services 6.4 Intra-ASEAN Exports of Services by Broad Headings In percent share % 53.5% 16.1% Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others. Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. Transport % 53.1% 16.0% Travel Construction % 52.9% 16.1% Insurance and pension services Financial services Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e % 54.6% 15.1% Telecommunications, computer, and information services Other business services % 54.3% 14.4% Personal, cultural, and recreational services Government goods and services, n.i.e Travel services along with Transport and Other business services have consistently comprised more than 85% of intra-asean s exports of services. Note: Based on IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 6 th Edition. ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

49 6 ASEAN Trade in Services 6.5 Intra-ASEAN Imports of Services by Broad Headings In percent share % 42.6% 17.8% 24.8% 43.1% 17.9% 26.5% 43.1% 16.7% 29.4% 40.5% 17.7% 29.9% 40.6% 17.2% Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others. Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. Transport Travel Construction Insurance and pension services Financial services Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e Telecommunications, computer, and information services Other business services Personal, cultural, and recreational services Government goods and services, n.i.e Similarly, Transport, Travel, and Other business services were the main sectors for intra-asean s imports of services, with a total share of 86% to ASEAN imports of services in Note: Based on IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 6 th Edition. 42 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

50 7 Investments in ASEAN 7.1 Net Inflows of FDI by ASEAN Member States In million US Dollars 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, ,000 8, Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Viet Nam 6,000 4,000 2, In 2014, Singapore continued to be the major recipient of FDI in ASEAN, with inflows amounting to US$72 billion. Meanwhile, Viet Nam led the CLMV countries with US$9.2 billion of FDI inflows. Note: ASEAN6 = Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand; CLMV = Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Viet Nam ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

51 7 Investments in ASEAN 7.2 Net Inflows of FDI as Share of GDP by ASEAN Member States In percent of GDP Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam ASEAN In 2014, FDI inflows in Singapore accounted for 23.4% of the country s GDP. During the same period, FDI inflows in Cambodia and Lao PDR have exceeded their shares to GDP in 2007 at 10.3% and 7.8%, respectively. 44 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

52 7 Investments in ASEAN 7.3 Net Inflows of FDI by Source Countries 160, , ,000 Total, 136,181 35,000 30,000 25, Total, 5.3 In million US dollars 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 Extra-ASEAN, 111,804 Intra- ASEAN, 24,377 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 In percent of GDP Extra-ASEAN, 4.3 Intra-ASEAN, FDI inflows in ASEAN reached US$136.2 billion in 2014, an increase of US$18.5 billion (16%) from After recording a huge drop in 2008, the FDI share to GDP has rebounded in 2010 and remained relatively stable in recent years. In 2014, FDI inflows in ASEAN was about 5.3% of its GDP; extra-asean made up 4.3% while intra-asean accounted for 0.9%. Note: For , Lao PDR s data on by source country are not yet available; intra-/extra-asean breakdowns for were estimated by the ASEAN Secretariat. ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

53 7 Investments in ASEAN 7.4 Net Inflows of FDI by Source Countries 35,000 30,000 25,000 EU, 29,268 ASEAN, 24,377 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 Japan, 13,381 USA, 13,042 China, 8, The major source countries of FDI inflows in the region were EU-28, Intra-ASEAN, Japan, USA and China. Note: For , Lao PDR s data on by source country are not yet available; intra-/extra-asean breakdowns for were estimated by the ASEAN Secretariat. 46 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

54 7 Investments in ASEAN 7.5 Net Inflows of FDI by Activity, 2014 In percent share Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles 12.9% Manufacturing 16.8% Other services activities. 14.6% Financial and Insurance activities 32.6% Real estate activities 7.6% Mining and quarrying 5.5% Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3.4% Transportation and storage 2.0% Information and communication 1.9% Construction 0.9% Professional, scientific and technical activities 0.8% Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 0.3% Administrative and support service activities 0.2% Accomodation and food service activities 0.1% Human health and social work activities 0.2% Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 0.1% Arts, entertainment and recreation 0.0% Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 0.0% Education 0.0% FDI inflows in financial and insurance activities comprised 33% of the region s total FDI inflows, followed by manufacturing (17%), other services activities (15%), and wholesale and retail trade (13%). ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

55 8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community 8.1 Internet Subscribers/Users and Cellular Phone Density (per 100 persons) Internet subscribers/users per 100 persons Celullar phone per 100 persons Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam The number of internet subscribers/users in ASEAN Member States continued to increase in Similarly, there is a steady increase in the number of cellular phone users. In 2014, there are more than 100 number of cellular phones per 100 persons in all of the ASEAN Member States with the exception of Lao PDR and Myanmar.* * This indicates that 1 person owns more than 1 unit of cellular phone in these countries. 48 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

56 8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community 8.2 Ratio of Paved Road to Total Road Length Thailand Singapore Brunei Darussalam Philippines Malaysia In percent Viet Nam Indonesia Myanmar Cambodia Lao PDR There is a marked improvement in Myanmar s road condition as shown by the increase in the ratio of paved road to total road length from 24% in 2013 to 52% in ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook

57 8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community 8.3 Tourist Arrivals , , ,000 In thousand persons 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 Brunei Darussalam 3,886 4,503 9,435 4,159 27,437 3,081 Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam ASEAN 4,833 15,095 24,780 7,874 Tourist arrivals in ASEAN grew by 2.8 percent, reaching 105 million in 2014 from 102 million in Malaysia maintained its top spot as the favorite tourist destination in the region, with a share of 26% of the total visitor arrivals, followed by Thailand (24%) and Singapore (14%). Note: Prior to 2013, Brunei Darussalam data covered only visitor arrivals by air transport 50 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

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