Collin's Lab: Binary & Hex
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1 Collin's Lab: Binary & Hex Created by Collin Cunningham Last updated on :30:12 PM EDT
2 Guide Contents Guide Contents Video Transcript Learn More Comparison Converters Mobile Web Desktop Adafruit Industries Page 2 of 18
3 Video Decimal isn't the only way to represent a value - get acquainted with Binary & Hexadecimal, two very important numeral systems often found lurking within the depths of technology. Adafruit Industries Page 3 of 18
4 Transcript In code, you ll often see number values written out something like this: or maybe even this Adafruit Industries Page 4 of 18
5 In both cases, they re describing the number we commonly refer to as two hundred and fifty. So why don t programmers just write 250? Well, the answer lies deep within the nature of digital electronics. But first, it helps to get an objective idea of how the system we already know works. Decimal is a base-10 numeral system. That means it uses 10 different character symbols to represent numeric values - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, & 9 A single Decimal digit can represent a maximum value of nine, one more than that and we have to add another digit to the left of the original Adafruit Industries Page 5 of 18
6 Decimal is a fine system, quite popular in fact. Why - there it is on the top of my computer keyboard. But - the computer itself doesn t think in Decimal. Adafruit Industries Page 6 of 18
7 It stores values as electrical charges that can be measured as either Low or High, Off or On zero or one. This system is known as Binary, and in binary, each digit is known as a bit. Adafruit Industries Page 7 of 18
8 A bit can hold a maximum value of 1, in order to represent more than 1 we need to add another bit. So a 2 in binary looks like this Adafruit Industries Page 8 of 18
9 and a three in binary looks like this As we keep counting up to ten, you ll notice that binary uses up a lot more space compared to good old decimal notation. And that s just a 4-bit value, most computers nowadays work with binary values of 32-bit Adafruit Industries Page 9 of 18
10 length Some even use 64-bit values At this point, even if we displayed these values in decimal notation, they re just ridiculously long and unwieldy. So when writing code, it s helpful to have a more convenient way to represent them. And that s where Hexadecimal notation comes in handy. Adafruit Industries Page 10 of 18
11 Hexadecimal, or simply hex as it s known to friends, uses 16 characters to represent a number value. Like decimal, it uses the classics - 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, & 9 But It also uses letters, to represent values 10 through 15 - like so Adafruit Industries Page 11 of 18
12 Because of those extra characters, hexadecimal notation takes up less space in text Making it easier for us humans to type out or even simply remember a specific value. Oh but wait - that s not all. Hex also syncs up nicely with the way we group Binary bits. Adafruit Industries Page 12 of 18
13 In Binary - a group of four bits is called a nybble and a nybble can conveniently be represented by a single character in hexadecimal. And 8 bits in Binary, which is called a byte, can be represented using only 2 hex characters. Adafruit Industries Page 13 of 18
14 In order to clearly specify when we re using hexadecimal in code, we add a 0x at the beginning of the value. Adafruit Industries Page 14 of 18
15 But in the end - no matter what system we use to represent a value in code, it ll always be converted to binary & use the same amount of space within digital memory. So regardless of what we see on the screen, underneath it all - its bits all the way down. Adafruit Industries Page 15 of 18
16 Adafruit Industries Page 16 of 18
17 Learn More Comparison To get a clear idea of how binary, decimal, and hexadecimal compare - check out the table below: Value Binary Decimal Hexadecimal zero one two three four five six seven eight nine ten A eleven B twelve C thirteen D fourteen E fifteen F Converters Adafruit Industries Page 17 of 18
18 There are a number of great tools on the web which allow you to convert between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal. Here's just a few: Mobile Circuit Playground for ios ( Dec Hex Bin ASCII Converter for Android ( Web Math is Fun Converter ( Desktop HexDecBin for OSX & Win32 ( Adafruit Industries Last Updated: :30:14 PM EDT Page 18 of 18
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