Northern Europe and Spain, 1500 to 1600

Transcription

1 Northern Europe and Spain, 1500 to

2 Europe in the 16 th Century 2

3 Goals Understand the consequences of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation Understand the diversity of cultures and artistic styles in Spain and Northern Europe Identify artists from the 16 th century Spain and Northern Europe Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period 3

4 23.1 Art in the Holy Roman Empire during the 16 th Century Understand German culture and artistic styles Identify representative German artists from the 16 th century Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period 4

5 Figure 23-2a MATTHIAS GRÜNEWALD, Isenheim Altarpiece (closed, top; open, bottom), from the chapel of the Hospital of Saint Anthony, Isenheim, Germany, ca Oil on wood, 9' 9 1/2 x 10 9, (center panel), 8 2 1/2 x 3 1/2 (each wing), 2 5 1/2 x 11 2 (predella). Shrine carved by Nikolaus Hagenauer in Painted and gilt limewood, 9 9 1/2 x Musée d Unterlinden, Colmar. 5

6 Figure 23-2a MATTHIAS GRÜNEWALD, Isenheim Altarpiece (closed, top; open, bottom), from the chapel of the Hospital of Saint Anthony, Isenheim, Germany, ca Oil on wood, 9' 9 1/2 x 10 9, (center panel), 8 2 1/2 x 3 1/2 (each wing), 2 5 1/2 x 11 2 (predella). Shrine carved by Nikolaus Hagenauer in Painted and gilt limewood, 9 9 1/2 x Musée d Unterlinden, Colmar. 6

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8 Figure 23-2a MATTHIAS GRÜNEWALD, Isenheim Altarpiece (closed, top; open, bottom), from the chapel of the Hospital of Saint Anthony, Isenheim, Germany, ca Oil on wood, 9' 9 1/2 x 10 9, (center panel), 8 2 1/2 x 3 1/2 (each wing), 2 5 1/2 x 11 2 (predella). Shrine carved by Nikolaus Hagenauer in Painted and gilt limewood, 9 9 1/2 x Musée d Unterlinden, Colmar. 8

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10 Figure 23-8 ALBRECHT ALTDORFER, The Battle of Issus, Oil on wood, 5 2 1/4 x /4. Alte Pinakothek, Munich. 10

11 Albrecht Aldorfer: The Battle of Issus

12 We ve seen it before:

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15 Figure 23-3 HANS BALDUNG GRIEN, Witches Sabbath, Chiaroscuro woodcut, 1 2 7/8 X 10 ¼. British Museum, London. 15

16 23.2 Protestant Reformation Understand the consequences of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation Observe how Protestantism affected the role and imagery of art 16

17 Figure 23-7 LUCAS CRANACH THE ELDER, Allegory of Law and Grace, ca Woodcut, 10 5/8 x 1 3/4. British Museum, London. 17

18 Albrecht Durer: Leonardo of the North Travelled widely through Europe and became an international celebrity Took trips to Italy to study Renaissance art First artist to synthesize Northern European stylistic features (intricate detail, realistic rendering of objects, symbols hidden as everyday objects) and blend them with Italian features (classical body types, linear perspective) --- admired the work of Leonardo First artist to keep a thorough record of his life (self-portraits, treatises on his thoughts, and a diary) Important graphic artist --- best known for his engravings Influenced significantly by Martin Luther and Protestant Reformation 18

19 Albrecht Durer

20 Durer at 22

21 Durer at 26

22 Durer at 28

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24 Figure 23-4 ALBRECHT DÜRER, Great Piece of Turf, Watercolor, 1 3/4 x 1 3/8. Albertina, Vienna. 24

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27 Figure 23-1 ALBRECHT DÜRER, The Fall of Man (Adam and Eve), Engraving, 9 7/8 x 7 5/8. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (centennial gift of Landon T. Clay). 27

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29 Figure 23-5 ALBRECHT DÜRER, Knight, Death, and the Devil, Engraving, 9 5/8 x 7 3/8. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 29

30 Durer: The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

31 Figure 23-6 ALBRECHT DÜRER, Four Apostles, Oil on wood, each panel 7 1 x 2 6. Alte Pinakothek, Munich. 31

32 Figure 23-9 HANS HOLBEIN THE YOUNGER, The French Ambassadors, Oil and tempera on wood, approx. 6 8 x 6 9 1/2. National Gallery, London. 32

33 Hans Holbein, Henry VIII

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35 23.3 Art in France during the 16 th Century Understand the French culture and artistic styles Identify representative French artists from the 16 th century Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period 35

36 Figure JEAN CLOUET, Francis I, ca Tempera and oil on wood, approx. 3 2 x 2 5. Louvre, Paris. 36

37 Figure Château de Chambord, Chambord, France, begun

38 Figure PIERRE LESCOT, west wing of the Cour Carre (Square Court) of the Louvre, Paris, France, begun

39 23.4 Art in the Netherlands during the 16 th Century Understand Dutch culture and artistic styles Identify representative Dutch artists from the 16 th century Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period 39

40 Figure HIERONYMUS BOSCH, Garden of Earthly Delights, Oil on wood, center panel 7 2 5/8 X 6 4 ¾, each wing 7 2 5/8 X 3 2 ¼. Museo del Prado, Madrid. 40

41 The Garden of Earthly Delights (closed)

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43 Paradise detail

44 Garden of Earthly Delights detail

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47 Hell detail

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51 20 th Century Surrealists 51

52 SALVADOR DALI, The Persistence of Memory, 20 th Century

53 SALVADOR DALI, The Metamorphosis of Narcissus

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55 RENEE MAGRITTE, Son of Man, French, 20 th Century

56 RENEE MAGRITTE, The Treachery of Images

57 JOAN MIRO, Carnival of Harlequin

58 Back to 16 th Century Netherlands 58

59 Figure JAN GOSSAERT Neptune and Amphitrite, ca Oil on wood, 6 2 x 4 3/4. Gemäldegalerie, Staatliche Museen, Berlin. 59

60 Figure QUINTEN MASSYS, Money-Changer and His Wife, Oil on wood, 2 3 3/4 x 2 2 3/8. Louvre, Paris. 60

61 Figure PIETER AERTSEN, Butcher s Stall, Oil on wood, 4 3/8 x 6 5 3/4. Uppsala University Art Collection, Uppsala. 61

62 Figure CATERINA VAN HEMESSEN, Self-Portrait, Oil on panel, 1 3/4 x 9 7/8. Kunstmuseum, Öffentliche Kunstsammlung Basel. 62

63 Figure Attibuted to LEVINA TEERLINC. Elizabeth I as a Princess, ca Oil on wood, 3 6 3/4 x 2 8 1/4. The Royal Collection, Windsor Castle, Windsor, England. 63

64 Figure JOACHIM PATINIR, Landscape with Saint Jerome, ca Oil on wood, 2 5 1/8 x /8. Museo del Prado, Madrid. 64

65 Figure PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER, Netherlandish Proverbs, Oil on wood, 3 10 x 5 4 1/8. Gemäldegalerie, Staatliche Museen, Berlin. 65

66 Figure PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER, Hunters in the Snow, Oil on wood, approx /8 x 5 3 3/4. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. 66

67 Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Harvesters, oil on wood, 1565

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69 23.5 Art in Spain during the 16 th Century Understand Spanish culture and artistic styles Identify representative Spanish artists from the 16 th century Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period 69

70 Figure Portal, Colegio de San Gregorio, Valladolid, Spain, ca

71 Figure Portal, Casa de Montejo, Merida, Mexico,

72 Figure Juan de Herrera and Juan Bautista de Toledo, El Escorial, near Madrid, Spain, ca (detail of an anonymous 18th-century painting). 72

73 Figure EL GRECO, The Burial of Count Orgaz, Oil on canvas, 16 x 12. Santo Tomé, Toledo. 73

74 The Burial of Count Orgaz: detail (self portrait)

75 Virgin Mary detail

76 King Philip II & Saints (detail)

77 Priest Andrés Núñez Detail

78 El Greco s Son

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80 Laocoon by El Greco Can you guess what this is called?

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82 El Greco: The Resurrection of Christ

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84 El Greco: View of Toledo

85 Discussion Questions How does art influence or reflect religion? How does Protestant art differ from Catholic art during the Reformation and Counter Reformation? Does religion influence art today? If so, how? How prevalent is religious art today? Why? 85