Unit1 Geographical Skills Challenges for the Planet Tuesday 4 th June pm exam Sports Hall

Transcription

1 Unit1 Geographical Skills Challenges for the Planet Tuesday 4 th June pm exam Sports Hall

2 You need to answer every question in this paper. Section A is the Geography skills section OS maps, photographs, sketches, enquiry skills used in the Controlled Assessment spend 30 minutes on this Section B is the Challenges for the Planet and sustainable development section you will have 6 mark question at the end of this using Unilever, London/Bristol or Ecuador/Papua New Guinea answer this first spend 30 minutes on this

3 The exam You will have an OS map, photograph booklet and the exam paper. You might need string to measure curved lines on the map, a ruler, pencil for scribbling notes on the map PLEASE BRING A PENCIL, RULER SHARPENER, RUBBER. Draw any graphs, sketches with the pencil in case you make an error

4 Unit 1 Geographical Skills Challenges for the Planet 6-Figure Grid References 4 figure grid references just identify the square the symbol is in. 6 figure grid references actually pin point exactly where the symbol is in the square. 2nd Divide the 6 figure reference up The 6- figure grid reference of the church with a spire is st Draw this onto the grid square

5 Use the key attached to the OS map if you are unsure about any symbols Green areas are woodland A-roads are usually red or green Motorways are blue Rivers are thinner blue lines Railway lines are thin black lines White areas on a map are usually fields not EMPTY space Contours are the thin brown lines. Actual heights of hills are identified by black dots with figures against them If you have to measure anything, then the scale is 1cm = 1/2km. So if you measure 10cm that would be 5km in real life

6 Describe the distribution of the forests on the map Simplify the location of the forests, put a dot where they are. Most you will note are situated in river valleys. Mention the names of the rivers if you can find them. Use key words linear, compass points to add to your answer for this sort of question.

7 Useful Key Words Relief shape of the land. Physical natural things like rivers, mountains, the sea, trees etc. Human man-made things like buildings, roads, Land use how the land is used farming, urban areas, rivers, hills, road network, forests etc HIC high income country LIC low income country

8 Sustainable development you need to be able to confidently define it. Meeting the needs of the present without ruining the planet for the future. Explain why there are different interpretations of sustainable development. (3) Offer a definition, then mention that there may be tension between satisfying current needs and looking after the future (which is more important)

9 Settlements Linear settlement in a line Nucleated settlement usually a cluster or on a cross roads Dispersed settlement randomly spread out

10 Site and Settlement

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13 Internet research questions ICT use for presenting data Excel for graphs, annotating photographs, putting data into a spreadsheet. Use actual internet sites in your answer. Search engines such as Google Google Earth looking at satellite features (natural and human) Census and National Statistics website for population data GIS Geographical Information Systems when comparing information on a map

14 Global Warming Natural Causes of climate change Greenhouse layer occurs naturally on the planet and is CO2, methane, nitrous oxide. We are burning fossil fuels (to heat our homes and power industry) and driving cars which thicken the layer Less heat can escape the layer leading to global rise in temperatures.

15 Effects of climate change Drier and hotter in some regions, but colder and wetter in others Rises in sea level sea levels rises because of melting ice caps and the expansion of sea water as the sea gets warmer, particularly affecting The Maldives Changes in food production the cereal belt in the USA and Russia could suffer if the rain fails. Leading to global food shortages Changing patterns of disease malaria has returned to the Southern regions of Italy, even though it was eradicated in the 70s. It could come to Britain if temperatures continue to rise. Damage to fragile environments coral reefs Great Barrier Reef in Australia will die as sea levels rise and sea temperatures increase

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17 Responses to Climate Change at different levels

18 UNILEVER how are they a sustainable company PG Tips, Ben & Jerry s, Cornetto Allanlbackia trees naturally grow in Ghana and can be planted on degraded and poor soil to help earn money for farmers seeds can be used in spreads and cooking products Solar powered ice cream cabinets used in Athens 2004 Unilever s Brazil factories cut water usage by 16.5% in 2002

19 How is Google a sustainable company

20 Transport Management - Bristol Park and Ride Brislington, Avonmouth and Long Ashton - 2 to P&R 2 + Car share lane A points on license and 100 fine Bristol is the first Cycling City Bus lanes on main routes into Bristol The council s aim was to ensure that 98% of the population in Bristol lives within 400m of a bus stop.

21 Transport Management - London Started in 2003, extended in 2007 Before 334,000 vehicles entered the central zone. After (2006) 70,000 fewer vehicles entered a drop of 21%. Greenhouse gas emissions have dropped by 20% Traffic levels have dropped by 25%

22 Effects of rainforest destruction

23 Resource extraction - Papua New PROBLEMS Foreign owned companies allocated plantation land which was not the same as the customary land allocation. Plantations pollute waterways. More and more endangered species as plantations chop the trees down. Guinea. MANAGEMENT Palm oil is used in soap and margarine, crisps Palm oil estates are making sure they don t chop down Primary forests The estate are avoiding areas with high concentration of Biodiversity (lots of plants/animals They are reducing the use of pesticides and Fires The workers are Locals must be consulted if a new plantation is being Constructed guaranteed a voice and Rights

24 Damage done by Resource Extraction - Ecuador Oriente has 13 million hectares of rainforest Problems 4.3 million gallons of toxic waste discharged into the Oriente s environment Tap water has levels 1,000 times above the safety standards Oil first extracted in 1972 by multinational companies 200km of road built by the USA Management Oil company gave electricity generators to Huaorani Indians All of the pipelines are now built underground The oil company asked the local Indians to vote for a president and secretary Texaco have offered to pay $40 million to help the clean up of the area Texaco has built houses and schools for the local Indians Transport is now done by helicopter rather than roads