The Iliopsoas Group Muscle origin insertion innervation function Psoas (major and minor) transverse processes of lesser trochanter of femoral nerve

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1 Gluteal Muscles Two nerve plexuses: sacral and lumbar Lumbar plexus contains femoral and obturator nerves Sacral plexus contains gluteal (superior/inferior), sciatic, common fibular, tibial common nerves always have branches coming off them The Iliopsoas Group Muscle origin insertion innervation function Psoas (major and minor) transverse processes of lesser trochanter of femoral nerve hip flexion lumbar vertebrae Iliacus iliac fossa lesser trochanter of femoral nerve hip flexion sartorius ASIS of hip gooses foot femoral nerve hip flexion rectus femoris AIIS of hip quadriceps tendon/tibial tuberosity femoral nerve hip flexion Being hip flexors = pulls thigh up towards body 1 st 15 degrees of sit- ups uses the iliopsoas group Rectus femoris is the only quadriceps muscle that is in pelvic girdle The Sartorius crosses the leg medially to laterally gooses foot located at the medial tibia, is an important landmark that we can identify 3 muscles from (Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus). With Sartorius =anterior/lateral, gracilis = medial, semitendinosus = posterior Hip Rotators and Stabilizers

2 Piriformis Sacrum greater trochanter of Superior Gemellus Ischial spine Greater trochanter of (longer gemellus) Obturator Internus Internal surface of greater trochanter of obturator foramen Inferior Gemellus ischial tuberosity Greater trochanter of (shorter gemellus) feumr Obturator Externus External surface of Greater trochanter of obturator foramen Quadratus Femoris Ischial tuberosity Greater trochanter of (square muscle) Nerve to piriformis Nerve to obturator internus Nerve to obturator internus Nerve to quadratus femoris Obturator Nerve Nerve to quadratus femoris /abduction of hip, /abduction of hip /abduction of hip /abduction of the hip Medial /adduction of hip /abduction of hip Obturator exeternus is classified as medial thigh muscle Other Gluteus Maximus Sacrum, the posterior iliac spine Gluteal tuberosity of the Inferior Gluteal Nerve lateral, extension of the hip Gluteus Medius Gluteal ridges Greater tronchater of the Superior Gluteal Nerve Abduction of hip, medial

3 Gluteus Minimus Gluteal ridges Greater tronchater of the Superior Gluteal Nerve abduction of hip, medial Tensor Fasciae Latae ilium tibia, small Superior Gluteal Nerve Flexion, medial (part of gluteals) portion of fibula and abduction of the thigh, trunk stabilization Tensor fascia latae has 2 parts: the fascia latae is a sheet of connective tissue, the tensor is a muscle at the proximal part of the thigh (near AIIS) that pulls the fascia latae to keep it tight The distal part of the fascia forms the Iliotibial Band (IT Band) Since it constantly pulls on the fascia latae and IT band, can cause pain when over- exaggerated Medial Thigh Muscles gracilis Pubic symphasis/body Gooses foot (see above) Obturator nerve Thigh pectineus Superior pubic rami Linea aspera Obturator nerve Thigh

4 Adductor brevis (smallest) Inferior pubic rami Linea aspera Obturator nerve Thigh adduction/flexion/medial Adductor longus (longer) Pubic body Linea aspera Obturator nerve Thigh Adductor magnus (long origin) Anteriorly- inferior pubic rami middely- ischial ramus posteriorly- ischial tuberosity Linea aspera Obturator nerve Thigh Posterior part can extend/laterally rotate thigh Since the adductor magnus has such a large origin point, part of its origin reaches into the lateral rotators of the hip, which cause hip abduction/lateral /extension (see notes) Femoral Triangle Triangular area on the upper thigh where the femoral vessels are located Border is made up of the Sartorius, adductor longus, and inguinal ligament The vessels lie on top of the pectineus, with adductor brevis lying very deep and out of sight Used to be called NAVEL, Nerve Artery Vein Empty Lymph Refers to the order the vessels are lined up in the triangle Anterior Thigh Muscles (Quadriceps)

5 Rectus femoris See iliopsoas See iliopsoas See illiopsoas Knee extension sartorius Knee extension Vastus lateralis Femoral shaft Knee joint Femoral nerve Knee extension Vastus medialis Femoral shaft Knee joint Femoral nerve Knee extension Vastus intermedius Femoral shaft Knee joint Femoral nerve Knee extension The vastus intermedius lies deep, underneath the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis These muscles can be viewed as an extension off the iliopsoas group Posterior Thigh Muscles (Hamstrings) Semimembranosus Ischial tuberosity Knee capsule Sciatic nerve Knee flexion, hip extension Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity gooses foot Sciatic nerve Knee flexion, hip extension Biceps femoris (two heads) Ischial tuberosity and femoral shaft tibia Sciatic nerve Knee flexion, hip extension

6 Each muscle crosses both hip/knee, allows it to influence both joints Semimembranosus has a wide tendon, looks like a membrane Semitendinosus has a long thin membrane, made mostly of tendons (hence..tendino.. ) Tendons at distal part of compartment form the popliteal region of the body