ИО ЖЩИЗОБ Е АВ ИОЙ ЗОБ Й ИНД НИО КВКНБ ЕГ ЧКЕМЕ ЗВРВ ЕХОГЗЕДО HYPOGYMNIA PHYSODES (L.) NYL. А НЙВАЕБЛ О ЖВЙМЩИЗВРВ ОРИБ ЗЩЗЕБ
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1 ЧДВВРЕБ, 1999, 2, Н Д ИО ЖЩИЗОБ Е АВ ИОЙ ЗОБ Й ИНД НИО КВКНБ ЕГ ЧКЕМЕ ЗВРВ ЕХОГЗЕДО HYPOGYMNIA PHYSODES (L.) NYL. А НЙВАЕБЛ О ЖВЙМЩИЗВРВ ОРИБ ЗЩЗЕБ Е. З. Ж, Щ.. Аappleъ Е apple НappleВ ИОЗ 6144 Щappleъapple,. 8 Жapple, 2 К apple Оapple applefl (SO 2 fl ) apple fl appleapple apple appleapple fl Hypogymnia physodes. Аapple flfl applefl apple. Кapple apple appleflfl appleapplefl fl apple ъ appleapple, apple appleapple ъ ( fl, apple fl ). Кapple apple apple apple apple - fl apple ъ apple apple. Кfl, appleappleъ- fl apple (Нapple, 1975; - fl apple..., 1988; Ъ, 1995), apple appleflfl, ъ -. Е fl appleapple fl apple ъfl (Е, 1996; Armstrong, 1976; Roades, 1983; HyvДrinen, 1992). А applefl apple- fl ъ,, ъ apple apple. appleъ fl fl- fl fl apple - apple apple, - apple appleapplefl apple - applefl. Йapple applefl,, appleъflfl apple flfl, appleapplefl fl apple (Рflapple, 1990), applefl apple-. М (Fahselt, 1996): flfl fl apple, ъ appleapple - fl apple apple. fl fl- apple, apple apple apple - apple fl fl (Fahselt, 1996). Ч ъfl applefl - apple. А fl applefl applefl ъ apple- (appleappleъ - applefl appleapple (Armstrong, 1976) apple ъapple (Degelius, 1964; Hale, 1974; Nienburg, 1919,. : Hale, 1973)) fl fl appleapple fl - ъ appleapple, / apple, - apple apple apple appleapple apple. fl apple, - apple apple apple flfl appleapple fl apple-, apple, apple, -, applefl appleapple ( -, 1977). Кappleflfl applefl, flfl flfl, - apple apple. Е fl apple (LeBlanc, De Sloover, 1970; Feige, 1982; Sigal, Nash, 1983) fl - ъfl (Nash, Gries, 1991) ; applefl- appleappleapplefl apple - fl (Ikonen, Karenlampi, 1976; Goyal, Seaward, 1982; Sigal, Nash, 1983) appleapple (Feige, 1982). И Иъ apple Йapple- Нapple, apple - fl Йappleapple. В apple ъapple apple - apple fl (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, As apple.). Кappleъfl appleapple appleflfl apple appleapple apple- apple (Аappleъ apple., 1994; Аappleъ, Лapple, 1994). А apple- apple apple (Ж, 1996) appleъ- apple apple: - (4 ), ъapple (7 ) (30 ). К apple - ъfl - 130
2 ИО ЖЩИЗОБ Е АВ ИОЙ ЗОБ Й ИНД НИО КВКНБ ЕГ 131 ъ 1. Лappleapple apple (applefl apple 80 ) apple apple ( ъ ъ ъapple) Кappleapple apple fl (31) ъapplefl (21) fl (35) Въ ъ Аfl, / 4.97 с с с 0.22 Й appleappleapple ( Ъapple) Въ apple apple, %: с с с с с с 1.59 А flfl ( apple 0180 ) H. physodes, с с с 6.57 К fl H. physodes,./* 7. с с с 2.14 Д apple, % * Н apple 050 ; apple apple Ж. apple fl. К apple appleappleapple ( apple apple) apple apple apple 12 ( - ), apple, - fl apple, apple (Дapple, Аappleъ, 1996). Дapplefl appleapple - apple ъ. 1. Ж Въ H. physodes, apple apple- ъapple apple ъ- apple applefl (Ж, 1996). А - - applefl - (apple, apple apple - ); ъfl - ъapple ъapple. З appleъ ъ appleapple ъapple fl H. physodes. А 5 apple ъapple (Abies sibirica Ldb.) apple ъ ъapple, apple apple fl (.. apple- apple ъ 1 ; 1049.). А ъapple, fl, ъ ъapple apple. Д flapple appleъapple ъ apple - - fl Ж appleapple ( - ) ъ apple ъflapple- appleapple 0.1. З ъ apple apple : fl - fl (appleapple apple fl), apple appleъ, ъ fl. К applefl apple - apple (apple- flfl): 1) apple (as) apple; 2) appleapple (cs) apple applefl; 3) - apple (s 1 ) apple appleъ 12 / ъ fl; 4) - apple (s 2 ) 10 apple - / ъ fl; 5) appleapple- (s 3 ) ъ 10 apple - / ъ fl. ИЩ Н О Ч apple - appleflfl appleapple - fl (. ъ. 1): apple - ъ apple apple ; 3.7 apple fl. Е ъfl H. physodes apple ъ apple- : apple appleappleapple apple ъ- apple apple fl flfl. Кapple apple, appleappleapple apple, fl apple ъ- ъ appleappleapplefl. З - applefl appleappleapplefl 5.5 apple appleapple appleapple appleapple- fl. Мapple appleapplefl - (apple. 1) apple ъ -, (apple. 1ъ) apple. В apple appleapplefl - 4*
3 132 ЖЕЛОГВАО, АВИВПЩГҐЕД () Ж, Вfl, % (ъ) , Вfl, % И. 1. Ґ appleapplefl () (ъ) H. physodes (1), ъapple (2) (3) apple. fl fl appleapple appleapplefl apple, apple: fl ДappleЙapple fl ( apple, Жapple, 1995) fl fl fl apple (p < 0.01). А applefl, appleappleapple appleapple appleapplefl apple ъ apple, - ъ appleapple- apple ъ applefl., appleapplefl 2 fl ъ appleapple- fl apple (- ) apple (df = 8, p = 0.065), ъapple (df = 7, p = 0.056), (df = 10, p = 0.168). 2 fl - fl appleapplefl apple (- apple) apple (df = 10, p = 0.236) (df = 8, p = 0.03) ; fl ъapple fl applefl apple ъ apple. В ъ ъ- appleapple apple - fl applefl (ъ. 2)., apple appleapple, apple, apple apple 0, 100%, 2 6 (Оfl apple., 1983), ъ appleappleapple fl
4 ИО ЖЩИЗОБ Е АВ ИОЙ ЗОБ Й ИНД НИО КВКНБ ЕГ 133 ъ 2. Кappleapple appleapple H. physodes apple apple Кappleapple, Ж, fl ъapplefl fl fl ъapplefl fl О : apple apple apple apple apple apple apple, % applefl * Кapplefl : % % apple % apple % apple: apple apple appleapple apple: apple apple: apple * А apple fl fl; apple apple (p < 0.001) - fl fl. appleapplefl ( 1 ). Кapple apple apple appleapple- ъ apple ( apple appleapple - ) appleapple fl apple apple fl apple apple: apple apple appleapple apple (П, Йapple, 1983), ъ- appleappleapple (0.8078, fl, ъapple -, p < 0.1). Й-, applefl, apple- apple appleapplefl ( ъ- fl fl appleapple apple ), - ъ ъ ъapple 1 Жfl apple apple - ъ fl ъapple appleapple. apple fl applefl - -. К - apple applefl appleъ. ъapple,, ъ- appleapplefl apple apple apple- ъ ъ apple. А ъ fl apple appleapple - fl apple appleapple ъ- ъ- apple applefl - appleapple appleapple. Йapple appleapple apple apple ъ appleapple appleapple (appleapple, ДappleН) apple-, applefl - apple (p ). А apple apple fl apple
5 134 ЖЕЛОГВАО, АВИВПЩГҐЕД fl, % < Ж, >60.0 И. 2. apple apple fl. Въfl. apple Ж. appleapple appleapple: -, appleapple apple apple ( applefl apple), apple fl apple apple - ; - fl apple (. ъ. 2). fl ъ- appleapple ъ appleapple (apple apple - fl). А applefl appleapple ъ ( apple) - ъ ъ. fl apple apple apple- appleapple fl fl - apple appleapple (Ъ, 1991): U = lnc 1 lnc , V 1 + V C V i + E i 2 A i C i i = , i = 12,, 2n i s 3 s 2 s 1 cs as C i, E i A i apple ( fl ), apple i- ъapple, n ъ ъapple. fl apple - apple ъapple - apple (p < 0.1), apple apple ъ- apple (p < 0.5), apple (p < 0.02). fl apple apple ъapple - (p < 0.5), apple fl ъapple (p < 0.001), - (p < 0.01). А applefl ъfl apple apple - apple apple apple apple - fl applefl 10%, applefl. ъapple, apple-, apple ъ ъ- appleapple ъ appleapple apple- apple. Е apple, - applefl, fl apple-. Ж (C m ), apple (C q ) - (C d ) apple ъ apple- ъapple (Ъ, 1991): C m = 1.481s x, C q = 0.741R q x, C d = 0.39R d x, s, x, R q R d appleapple apple apple-. Жъ appleapplefl applefl apple, - ъapple apple-. Кapple - fl appleapplefl appleapplefl ( C m ), apple appleapple ( C q C d ). Зъfl fl - apple appleapplefl apple apple. Въ apple apple apple (A q ) (A d ) apple (Ъ, 1991): A q = ( Q 2 + Q 1 2x ) ( Q 2 Q 1 ), A d = ( D 2 + D 1 2x ) ( D 2 D 1 ), Q 2, (D 2 ) appleflfl apple (), Q 1, (D 1 ) flfl apple (). В apple appleapple- appleapplefl (. apple. 1) 22.1% % ъapple. - ъapple, ъapple apple- applefl ъ appleapple - apple ъ apple appleappleapple. fl appleapple- fl apple fl apple. Аapple apple. apple fl appleappleapple apple apple. 2 ( ъapple apple ). Й apple apple - apple: apple appleapple flfl appleъ apple; apple appleapple apple-. fl apple apple, apple apple appleapple- apple flfl, applefl apple. А apple apple fl - appleappleapple (apple. 3) appleъ apple- (46%), ъ- apple apple apple apple applefl ъ apple apple -. А flfl ъapple apple fl apple appleъfl appleapple (44 60% - ); apple -
6 ИО ЖЩИЗОБ Е АВ ИОЙ ЗОБ Й ИНД НИО КВКНБ ЕГ 135 apple ( %) apple ( %) appleapple. - ъ ( appleapplefl 2 ), applefl apple apple fl apple- apple (p ). Кapple applefl ( apple-apple- ъapplefl) applefl apple- ( p < 0.002) apple fl, apple (fl appleapple ъapple, p < 0.1). ВПЙНЪ ЩЗЕЩ ИЩ Н О ВА Иapplefl appleapple fl. Кapple- fl, appleapple apple ъ appleapple- apple ъ apple 2, - apple appleъ flfl - apple. Йapple - apple ъ apple- apple applefl (, - apple apple), ъ ъ fl ъapple. Кapple ъfl apple fl fl - (apple fl apple fl apple), apple, applefl, fl -. Кapplefl flfl И. Оappleapple (Armstrong, 1984,. : Armstrong, Smith, 1992); ъapplefl apple fl apple (applefl - fl applefl H. physodes (Schuster, 1985)) applefl H. physodes appleapplefl fl apple (Kiss, 1982). А applefl apple apple appleappleapple- fl apple appleapple. Ч appleapple ъ fl Lobaria oregana (Roades, 1983). В, apple, fl apple H. physodes (HyvДrinen, 1992) Parmelia glabratula subsp. fuliginosa (Armstrong, 1988) appleapple-, ъ. Аapplefl-, apple apple fl applefl apple (, -, ъapple, apple appleъ apple). Дapple, apple appleapple - apple, apple apple - 2 apple ъapplefl ъapplefl: 1) appleapple apple apple - apple apple applefl apple / appleapple ; 2) - apple- apple, ъ apple. fl, % 60 s 3 40 s 2 s 1 cs as 0 fl ъapplefl fl apple И. 3. Аapple apple fl H. physodes apple apple. Въfl. apple. 2. apple appleapplefl ъ fl apple appleapple. apple appleapple- apple apple apple apple fl apple, - appleъ flapple - flfl applefl ъ apple ъ apple. Кapple ъ apple, apple applefl: 1) apple apple ; 2) - fl apple ъ appleapple. А appleapple apple, - apple apple (Feige, 1982), appleapple apple apple. К apple apple fl appleъ appleflfl. appleflfl ъ apple - appleapple appleapple appleapple apple apple, apple apple- apple ъ apple- apple ъ apple fl. Щ ъ - flfl apple apple -ъ ъapple fl, ъ ъ apple - apple apple appleapple-, appleapple - apple apple apple apple apple-. Й, ъ apple appleapple -, fl appleflfl ( applefl fl fl 60 ) fl flfl apple fl,.. apple - applefl apple ъfl fl. Аapplefl appleapple fl. Зъ- apple, apple ъapple apple apple fl: - apple, appleapple apple apple apple applefl, apple ъ apple- flapple, appleapplefl apple ъapple ( apple apple apple ъ ъ).
7 136 ЖЕЛОГВАО, АВИВПЩГҐЕД fl fl apple fl ъ fl appleapplefl apple, apple apple, apple- fl apple - fl apple. apple, applefl apple applefl apple, apple appleъ fl apple, apple ъ fl, ъ- ъ apple, apple- apple apple. ъapple, apple flfl appleapplefl ъ apple apple fl. Д apple, apple flfl appleapple ъ apple flapple fl ъ apple. В apple apple- apple apple apple fl apple - fl ъapple ( apple apple, apple ъ apple). А apple apple fl ъ - apple H. physodes,, apple, ъ apple fl ъ- fl applefl appleappleapplefl. fl ъflfl apple ъ - fl apple apple apple apple applefl. 1. А, ъapple apple apple -, apple apple, -apple, applefl ъ, -,, -apple, appleapple apple fl, fl. ъapple-, ъ apple ъ - apple, ъ- apple. 2. А, ъapple ъapple apple. А appleapple apple fl apple - appleflfl fl apple (Nash, Gries, 1991), apple ъapplefl apple. Кapple apple fl apple., fl - apple appleflfl fl SO 2 apple fl-,.. apple apple apple ъ ъ apple (Deyeva, Maznaja, 1993) apple (Л- apple, 1996). В ъ fl apple apple, flfl- fl ъ apple, ъ apple apple apple apple (appleapple, ) fl apple (, 1977). ОДЦҐЩЗЕЩ fl appleъ ъ apple fl apple, apple appleappleъfl О.О. Нapple ( apple apple fl fl apple- fl ). З -, flfl apple apple apple ъ- apple (Ъ, 1995),. К apple- apple apple applefl apple apple apple- apple (apple apple, apple ъ apple..) ъ. К apple apple fl- fl apple fl fl apple- apple. К- appleъ apple apple - fl ъ,. А apple applefl apple- ъ apple. В apple applefl - fl -. И apple- ъ ъapple ъ (- ъ- apple ), ъapple (fl apple ъ- apple apple apple ъ ъapple) (fl applefl ъapple fl, -, apple apple ъ ъъ- ). З, applefl, ъ - apple appleapple ъ. applefl - fl apple fl apple - appleapple apple applefl applefl ъapple applefl apple. А applefl applefl, ъ apple - apple. З, - apple appleflfl applefl apple fl appleapple apple appleapple - fl. Кapple apple appleapplefl - fl apple ъ appleapple, apple apple apple- (apple appleapple). А applefl apple apple- apple ъ - apple. Кflfl - fl apple appleappleapplefl H. physodes apple. Ч -
8 ИО ЖЩИЗОБ Е АВ ИОЙ ЗОБ Й ИНД НИО КВКНБ ЕГ 137 apple, apple fl- apple, applefl ъ fl appleflfl. А fl, fl apple - apple ъfl apple, apple ъ apple-. П, - apple apple- applefl fl -- ъ apple - fl ъ appleapple. Щ apple - apple apple fl appleflfl apple. Пapple Оapple ъ apple В.А. Жfl ъapple apple ъappleъ - apple, apple Д. Хapple (Мapple fl,, Хapplefl) ъ apple. Иъ apple apple apple INTAS (apple ). ЙКЕЙВД Е ЩИО НИ Оfl Й.О., Щ Е.Й., Ж.. Кapple- fl : В applefl applefl ъ- appleъ. Ж.: М, П.З., Йapple З.А. ъ -. Ж.: З, Аappleъ Щ.., Й В.М., Мapple Ж.Р. Ч appleapple applefl-. Щappleъapple: З, Аappleъ Щ.., Лapple Щ.А. Иfl applefl: - // Чfl Й Рflapple О.Ж. Кflfl fl. Ж.: Е- ЖРН, Ъ.О. Кflfl ъapplefl. Ж.: З, Ъ О.О. Кflfl apple. Гapple-В: apple, П. О fl fl apple // П. apple Й Е З.П. Пfl Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. Menegazzia terebrata (Hoffm.) Massal. apple И // Оapple ъ.. Ж., Дapple Й.Ц., Аappleъ Щ.. appleapplefl apple apple ъapple ъ // Чfl Й Ж Е.З. Ч Йapple Нapple fl applefl- fl / Оapple ъ.. Щappleъapple, apple Ц.З., Жapple О.О. О - apple. Ж.: М, Нapple О.О. Аapple apple fl fl apple apple apple- // П Й Лapple Щ.А. Йappleapple fl apple fl appleflfl // Ч- fl Й fl apple (apple fl ъ- ) /.П., Ъ О.О., Дapple О.Й., Йapple В.А. Ж.: З, Armstrong R.A. Studies on the growth rates of lichens // Lichenology: progress and problems. London, P Armstrong R.A. Substrate colonization, growth, and competition // CRC Handbook of lichenology. V. 2. Clevelend, Ohio, P Armstrong R.A., Smith S.N. Lobe growth variation and the maintenance of symmetry in foliose lichen thalli // Symbiosis V. 12. P Degelius G. Biological studies of epiphytic vegetation on twigs of Fraxinus excelsior // Acta Horti Gotoburg V. 27. P Deyeva N.M., Maznaja E.A. The state of bilberry in polluted and unpolluted forests of the Cola peninsula // Aerial pollution in Cola peninsula. Apatity, P Fahselt D. Individuals, populations and population ecology // Lichen biology. Cambridge, P Feige G.B. Niedere Pflanzen speziell Flechten als Bioindikatoren // Decheniana, Beihefte (Bonn) Bd. 26. S Goyal R., Seaward M.R.D. Metal uptake in terricolous lichens. II Effects on the morphology of Peltigera canina and Peltigera rufescens // New Phytol V. 90. P Hale M.E. Growth // The lichens. London: Academic Press, P Hale M.E. The biology of lichens. London: Edward Arnold, p. HyvДrinen M. Adaptivity of the thallus structure of Hypogymnia physodes to microclimatic conditions // Lichenologist V. 24. P Ikonen S., Karenlampi L. Physiological and structural changes in reindeer lichens transplanted around a sulfite pulp mill // Proc. Kuopio meeting on plant damages caused by air pollution. Kuopio, P Kiss T. Aspects and types of competition between lichen species in epiphytic communities // Acta Bot. Hung V. 28. P LeBlanc F., De Sloover J. Relation between industrialization and the distribution and growth of epiphytic lichens and mosses // Can. J. Bot V. 48. P Nash III T.H., Gries C. Lichens as indicators of air pollution // The handbook of environmental chemistry. V. 4. Part C. Berlin P Rhoades F.M. Distribution of thalli in a population of the epiphytic lichen Lobaria oregana and a model of population dynamics and production // Bryologist V. 86. P Schuster G. Die Jugendentwicklung von Flechten ein Indicator fбr Klimabedingungen und Umweltbelastung / Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Bd s. Sigal L.L., Nash III T.H. Lichen communities on conifers in southern California mountains: an ecological survey relative to oxidant air pollution // Ecology V. 64. P
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