A written test. MATERIALS NEEDED: Writing board with markers/erasers Appropriate audiovisual equipment Appropriate audiovisual materials

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Deirdre Howard
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1 TOPIC: SELECTION METHODS FOR THE PROPER SIZE LADDER FOR DIFFERENT SITUATIONS TIME FRAME: 0:15 LEVEL OF INSTRUCTION: Level II AUTHORITY: 1997 NFPA BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVE: Condition: Behavior: Standard: A written test The student will confirm a knowledge of the selection methods for the proper size ladder for different situations by completing the written test With a minimum 80% accuracy according to the information contained in the Essentials of Fire Fighting, IFSTA, Fourth Edition, Chapter 9, Firefighter's Handbook, Delmar, 2000 Edition, Chapter 14, and Fire Service Ground Ladders, IFSTA, Ninth Edition, Chapter 4 MATERIALS NEEDED: Writing board with markers/erasers Appropriate audiovisual equipment Appropriate audiovisual materials REFERENCES: Essentials of Fire Fighting, IFSTA, Fourth Edition Fire Service Ground Ladders, IFSTA, Ninth Edition Firefighter's Handbook, Delmar, 2000 Edition PREPARATION: A key factor in selecting the correct ladder for the job is the ability to make a good estimate of the length of a ladder required to reach various levels of windows or roofs. You will learn how to select the correct ladder for the job. Page 0

2 I. SELECTING THE CORRECT LADDER FOR THE JOB A. Knowledge of the length of a ladder to do the job B. The job or task that has to be accomplished II. 1. Rescue 2. Access to windows 3. Access to the roof FIGURING THE LENGTH A. Working rules 1. Window a) Access 1) 3-4 rungs into the window when window is wide enough 2) If too narrow, place to side of the window b) Ventilation 1) To side 2) Upwind c) Rescue 1) Tip at or just below window sill 2. Roof a) Access 1) Tip 5 rungs beyond the roof edge 2) Provides footing and handhold for persons stepping on or off ladder What jobs are ladders used for? Where is the ladder placed during a rescue out of a window? Page 2

3 B. Building construction 1. Residential story average is 8-10 feet (2-3 meters) per story a) Distance from floor to window sill is about 3 feet (1 meter) 2. Commercial story average is 12 feet (4 meters) floor to floor a) Distance from floor to window sill is about 4 feet (1 meter) C. Designated ladder length 1. Derived from a measure of the maximum extended length 2. Requirements a) Length of story x number of stories = subtotal b) Subtotal + handhold length + reach factor = total length needed c) Example Length of story: 8 ft Number of stories: x 2 Subtotal: 16 ft Handhold length: + 4 ft Reach factor: + 1 ft TOTAL length needed: 21 ft What is the average height of a residential building? What ladder length is needed to reach the eaves of a two-story residence, assuming 8 feet per story? Page 3

4 D. Ladder reach 1. Ladders are set at approximately a 75 angle 2. Reach will be less than the designated length 3. Reach is the total length of a ladder from ground to tip when set at a 75 angle 4. Using NFPA guidelines, it is permissible for a ladder under 35 feet to reach 1 foot less than stated a) A 10-foot ladder may have a maximum reach of 9 feet E. Proper climbing angle of ladders 1. To determine the proper distance between the heel of the ladder and the building, divide the "used length" on the ladder by 4 2. A working test to see if you have the ladder at the proper angle is to place the toes of your boots against the butt of the ladder a) Outstretched arms should reach ladder Why is reach of a ladder different from length of a ladder? What is the proper climbing angle? Page 4

5 SUMMARY: Only when all factors such as working rules, length of ladder and building construction are considered, can a fire fighter make a decision in selection the correct ladder size. Proper selection of a ladder is a basic and fundamental skill required of a fire fighter. EVALUATION: The student will complete the written test at a time determined by the instructor. ASSIGNMENT: Review your notes and read Essentials of Fire Fighting, IFSTA, Fourth Edition; Chapter 9, Firefighter's Handbook, Delmar, 2000 Edition, Chapter 14, and Fire Service Ground Ladders, IFSTA, Ninth Edition, Chapter 4 in order to prepare yourself for the upcoming test. Study for our next session. Page 5

A written test. MATERIALS NEEDED: Writing board with markers/erasers Appropriate audiovisual equipment Appropriate audiovisual materials

A written test. MATERIALS NEEDED: Writing board with markers/erasers Appropriate audiovisual equipment Appropriate audiovisual materials TOPIC: TYPES OF LADDERS USED BY THE FIRE SERVICE TIME FRAME: 0:30 LEVEL OF INSTRUCTION: Level I AUTHORITY: 1997 NFPA 1001 3-3.5 BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVE: Condition: Behavior: Standard: A written test The student