May Journal of Shanxi University Philosophy & Social Science Vol. 35 No. 3

Transcription

1 May Journal of Shanxi University Philosophy & Social Science Vol. 35 No. 3 1 / H03 A 瑏瑡 瑏瑢 瑏瑣 / 6 瑏瑤 瑏瑥 瑏瑦 瑏瑧 1. Semantic Map Model multifunctional JJD NCET

2 / 4 1 to à a. a. 3 b. b. 1 A B 1 1 a b c Ea ab Ec a c Ec Ea Ec Ea 2. 2 a c Ea Ec Traugott & Dasher a c Ec Ea Ec Ea 6 Ec Ea > > / > > > > 1. A B 3 a b Ea Eb > a b Eb Ea Eb Ea 1 2. A B A B 152

3 A B B A A B A a b b b B r T content domain epistemic domain metaphor metonymy Sweetser 10 inference generalization harmony absorption of contextual meaning 7 1. content level 2. epistemic level 3. speech act level 10 metaphor 5 a. The letter must arrive in next week. domain b. The letter must have been in the mail. 6 a. John came back because he loved Mary. / 2 a. b. 3 a. b. 4 a. b. c. d a b T metaphor b. John loved Mary because he came back. c. What are you doing tonight because there s a good movie on. 153

4 a. b. since / 10 a. I have read a lot since we last got togeth- speech act domain b. Since Susan left him John has been very er. miserable. / 8 a. inference p q q p c. Since I have a final exam tomorrow I won t be able to go out tonight. since b. since since 9 a. b. 11 a. speech act domain b. c. / 11 a invited inference 6 1. abduction 2. p q p q will 12 I will be glad to answer any question that you may have. 154

5 I will help you. / 14 I will win tomorrow. / a 18 a. b. 15 / a b Ea 16 Eb 16 generalization specification can a. mental ability He can read. 19 b. general ability He can swim. 20 c. root possibility The room can hold 100 people a. b. / / a b c Ea Eb Ec a c Ec Ea Ec Ea Eb a b a b Eb Ea Eb Ea a A B A B A B 155

6 A B / / / / 23 瓙 p q = p q 1 + ~ ~ ~ 2 + ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ Dahl ~ = 30 = absorption of contextual meaning 22 while / 31 Someone called while you were out. 32 The rich grow richer while the poor grow poorer While I agree with you I do not believe that your way is best. while while = = = = 27 = = =

7 per- spective affect epistemic modality 34 A a. 37 b c. / / 37 a. b. VP VP VP 38 a. b. 40 c B b subjectivisation C. b A B A B 157

8 a. b a. b. 44 / Nerlich and Clarke self - evident TraugottE. C. & Dasher R. B Traugott E. C. & Dasher R. B

9 Haspelmath Martin. Indefinite pronounsm. Oxford Oxford University Press 1997a. 3Haspelmath Martin. The geometry of grammatical meaning semantic maps and cross - linguistic comparisonm/ /Tomasello M. The new psychology of language vol. 2. New York Erlbaum CroftWilliam. Typology and UniversalsM. Second edition. Cambridge Cambridge University Press ley & Sons Ltd Finegan Edward. Subjectivity and subjectivisation an intro- Studies in Deixis and Related Topics. New York John Wi- C/ / ductionm/ /Dieter Stein and Susan Wright. Subjectivity and subjectivisation Linguistic Perspectives. Cambridge U- 6Traugott E C Dasher R B. Regularity in Semantic Change niversity Press M. Cambridge University Press Bybee Joan Revere PerkinsWilliam Pagliuca. The Evolution of Grammar Tense Aspect and Modality in the Languages of the WorldM. Chicago and London The University of Chicago Press J. International symposium at the University of Duisburg C/ / Sweetser Eve. From etymology to pragmatics Metaphorical and cultural aspects of semantic structurem Dahl sten. Tense and Aspect SystemsM. Oxford Basil Blackwell C/ / J C/ / J Lyons John. Deixis and subjectivity Loquor ergo sum M/ /Jarvella R J Klein W. Speech Place and Action 17. J. 2001a Nerlich B Clarke D D. Outline of a model for semantic changem/ /Kllermann and Morrissey. Diachrony within Synchrony Language History and Cognitive. Paper form the - 28 March Frankfurt - am Main Peter Lang 1992 Synchronic Semantic Change Model and Semantic Association of Polysemantic Empty Words GUO Rui Center for Chinese Linguistics /Department of Chinese Language and Literature Peking University Beijing China Abstract Polysemy of empty words is the result of semantic change. Thus when we differentiate the senses of a empty word it is needed to find the association between different senses in order to help to describe and understand the senses of empty words. In this paper the author proposes a synchronic semantic change model to form the semantic association of plysemantic empty words three principles to ascertain semantic association and eight mechanisms of semantic change. Key words empty words semantic association synchronic semantic change mechanism of semantic change 159