Future Unmanned Systems for Mine Warfare

Transcription

1 Shaping the Future of Naval Warfare with Unmanned Systems Future Unmanned Systems for Mine Warfare 26 May 2005 Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Naval Sea Systems Command Dr. Ace Summey

2 Commitments to Unmanned Systems Now it is clear the military does not have enough unmanned vehicles. We're entering an era in which unmanned vehicles of all kinds will take on greater importance -- in space, on land, in the air, and at sea. President George W. Bush, Citadel Speech, 11 Dec 2001 The U.S. military has little choice but to pursue integrated battlefield robotics autonomous machines working together that can replace humans for many warfighting functions. If the U.S. doesn t pursue the fielding of thinking, lethal machines, potential adversaries will. It is not a question of how it will be done, but of when and by whom. Project ALPHA (APL/JHU) Unmanned Vehicles. The technology and cost risks are great, but the potential is high to eventually reduce manpower costs and risks to U.S. service personnel and improve our position on the battlefield...this fork is one we recommend the Navy investigate further. (Rand Study) Roles Missions, Functions, Concept of Operations. Interest in unmanned vehicles has increased... it has become clear that unmanned vehicles hold great promise. We are just beginning to understand how to use and build these vehicles. The concepts of operations are in their infancy, as is the technology. The Navy must think about how to exploit the unmanned concepts and integrate them into the manned operations.

3 Unmanned Systems in MIW Background

4 Augmenting Naval Warfare with Unmanned Systems Fleet and Joint Impact Considerations JULY 2001 There s growing momentum and a common realization and vision across the services and OSD of a new way of doing the business of warfighting in the future unmanned systems is the key

5 Naval Surface Warfare Center Systems Assessment Study Unmanned Systems Will Augment Naval Warfare Capability Shape the Future of Naval Warfare AFFORDABILITY Smart Standardization Smart Modularity Technology Triad for Unmanned Systems.. Requires a Systems Engineering Approach Key Finding: Limited Number of General Standard Payload Modules Can Be Used to Support a Broad Range of Naval Missions LOGISTICS Standard Containers Flexible Retail Delivery Low Impact Lift AUTOMATION Common Control Automated Launch & Recovery Automated Sustainment

6 Unmanned Systems in OEF and OIF Air Vehicles Underwater Vehicle Our OIF efforts (included) six unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV) for special operations and mine clearance operations and gave us important insights into our vision for both future littoral and mine warfare concepts and capabilities. CNO SASC testimony Feb Ground Vehicles Mr. Jim Thomsen, PEO-LMW, 12 FEB 04

7 Unmanned Systems Silver Fox in OIF Crawlers in OEF Letting robots do the dangerous work Persistent Surveillance How they cleared Um Qasr Captain Kamp, NDIA 6th Annual Science & Engineering Technology Conference, Charleston, SC April 2005

8 Mine Warfare Force Transformation Today Goal: Accelerate MCM Operations Goal: Keep the Sailor/Marine out of the minefield Future Months Weeks Days Platform Platform Centered Centered Stovepipe/Legacy Capability Capability Centered Centered Distributed/Netted/Cooperative

9 THE MCM VISION

10 MCM Next Generation Systems MH-60 RAMICS DDG-51 ALMDS OASIS AQS-20A RMS (AN/WLD-1) AMNS

11 Unmanned Systems in MIW Impact of Science and Technology

12 COASTAL BATTLEFIELD RECONNAISSANCE AND ANALYSIS (COBRA) ATD Flight Demo completed in FY98 Pioneer UAV NSWC-PC is the TDA SD&D 4 sensors 1 ground station Either UAV Detect surface land minefields/obstacles Provide Intel Prep of the Battlespace on the Beach/inland Areas Collect Multi-Spectral Imaging data on the target area

13 Small UUV for Hydrographic Reconnaissance 2-man portable (8-inch diameter, 48 inches long, 80 lbs) Conducts hydrographic reconnaissance and MCM operations in the very shallow water region Sensors: Sidescan Sonar Doppler Velocity Log Compass Depth Water Clarity Temperature Conductivity Water Currents Gyroscope Mission Sonar Contacts Bathymetry Sonar Snapshots Temperature Water Clarity Salinity

14 Modular Mission Packages Near-Term: Construct modularized mission packages for the development and testing of transformational MCM concepts/ideas from the HSV-2 SWIFT ONR Sponsor: Dr. Doug Todoroff Long-Term: Develop, test, and incorporate new transformational MCM concepts using multiple vehicles from the HSV-2 SWIFT By-product: Set of systems that will be maintained and ready at a moment s notice for deployment.

15 Autonomous Operations Future Naval Capability (AO FNC) Maritime Vehicles (UUVs) Sponsor: Dr. Tom Curtin, ONR NSWC-PC is the Demonstration Manager UnderSea Search and Survey Communication/Navigation Aid Aligned with Signature Capabilities from the UUV Master Plan Undersea Search and Survey Bluefin Robotics is the Prime Contractor developing the diameter search vehicles NSWC-PC is developing an SAS-based payload and the corresponding CAD/CAC Communications and Navigation Aid

16 Joint Unmanned Systems Common Control (JUSC 2 ) A Common Control Architecture for All DoD Unmanned Systems Legacy, Emergent, Future Unmanned Systems WAN (GIG Compliant) Common Comms Sets STANAG 4586 JAUS (SAE) Real Time Functions Non-Real Time Functions Open Architecture Compliant Phase 1 Federated for legacy / vehicle types Phase 2+ Management of increasingly autonomous vehicle systems Missions n C4I Human Systems Integration C4I USAF NAVY ARMY Homeland Defense RF RF and and acoustic comms wide area area network (WAN) GIG GIG compliant to to accommodate many unmanned systems STANAG 4586 and and JAUS (SAE) interface standards eventually allow common control of of most DoD DoD unmanned systems Architecture for for concurrent management of of multiple unmanned systems and and their their associated data data Common services for for human systems integration and and enhanced operator with with common functions available across all all DOD Provide UAV, USV, UGV, UUV UUV interoperability across Services

17 UNCLASSIFIED SPARTAN Scout ACTD Concept Levels the Battlespace by Distributing the Combat System SPARTAN LeFleur Nov03 Modular, Unmanned Surface Vehicle for Assured Access & Force Protection Page 17

18 LCS Applications with Science and Technology Roots MH60S Joint Unmanned Systems Command and Control Vertical Takeoff Unmanned Aerial Vehicle w/cobra Airborne Laser Mine Detection Systems Unmanned Surface Vehicle w/sweep Organic Airborne & Surface Influence Sweeps Rapid Airborne Mine Clearance Systems Remote Minehunting System AQS-20A Airborne Mine Neutralization System Remote Minehunting System In the near future ships such as LCS will conduct missions using a variety of networked unmanned systems. The JUSCC ACTD is developing a common control system for use with all of the systems shown. Battlespace Prep Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

19 Unmanned Systems Key Enabling Technologies Sensors Adaptive, more resolution, smaller, modular Processing Data fusion, automated decision processes Navigation Improved underwater navigation Communications Messaging Standards and Frequency Spectrum Management, Higher bandwidth underwater, secure Autonomy Adjustable/Supervised with Artificial Intelligence Platforms Modular, affordable, automated L&R Energy Higher energy density, endurance, and speed Control Common Control of Multiple Vehicles and Vehicle Types; Autonomous, Cooperative, and Adaptive 32

20 Unmanned Systems Key Enabling Capabilities Fully networked manned/unmanned systems, sensors, & weapons Smaller/miniaturized sensors and vehicles Multi-mission capable Cooperative Robotics and Intelligent Agents Automated Launch & Recovery / Rearming / Refueling Automated Fault and Mission Management Unmanned System Standards / Modular Architectures Human/Machine Interface advanced displays for situational awareness multi-modal interfaces Comprehensive Modeling & Simulation 32

21 Littoral Warfare Research Facility (LWRF) Surface Research Focus: Systems of Unmanned Systems Multiple Robot Systems Cooperative Behaviors Multiple System Types Air Unique facility to demonstrate and test new system concepts for multiple, cooperating unmanned systems conducting complex missions in littoral environments Underwater Ground Sensor Payload Development & Integration Common Control, System Interoperability Academia & Industry Participation 38,334 sq-ft, 3 Floors, $8.4 M Groundbreaking ~ Sept 04, Completion ~ Feb 06 Location: NSWC-PC near entrance to bayou

22 Unmanned Systems in MIW The Future

23 Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) LCS is the first combatant built from the keel up to use unmanned systems as its main battery Mr. Phil Marshall, PMS-420, 12 FEB 04

24 LCS Flight 0 Mission Package MIW Modules QTY USV with 1 Influence Sweep System VTUAV with 1 set (3 UAVs) COBRA 2 MH-60S with 1 OASIS 2 ALMDS 2 AQS-20A 2 RAMICS 2 AMNS 2 AN/WLD-1 RMV with 2 AQS-20A 2 EOD Det 1 BPAUV (Set) 1 NSCT-1 with SCULPIN (set) 1 ASW Modules QTY USV with 2 ASW Systems 2 ULITE Array Dipping Sonar Multi-Static Active Source VTUAV 1 set (3 UAVs) MH-60R with 1 MK54 Torpedo set ALFS set Sonobuoys set AN/WLD-1 RMV with 2 ASW Systems 1 MFTA RTAS EER/ IEER/AEER family 1 Torpedo Countermeasures 1 ADS 1 SUW Modules QTY USV with EO/IR 2 30mm Gun Package 1 Javelin/Netfires 1 VTUAV with EO/IR 1 set (3 UAVs) MH-60 with 1 EO/IR set GAU 16 Gun set Hellfire set NLOS-LS (Netfires) 3 systems per seaframe 1 30 mm Gun Module 1 Non-Lethal Weapon (USV-based) 2 RGES Unmanned Vehicles and hosted Systems ACES Active Capable Expendable Surveillance ADS Advanced Deployable System ALFS Airborne Low Frequency Sonar ALMDS Airborne Laser Mine Detection System AMNS Airborne Mine Neutralization System AQS-20A Minehunting Sonar BPAUV Battlespace Preparation Autonomous Underwater Vehicle COBRA Coastal Battlefield Reconnaissance & Analysis EOD Det - Explosives Ordnance Disposal Detachment CAPT Wright, PMS-420 AUVSI Program Review 10 Feb 05 MFTA Multi-Function Towed Array OASIS - Organic Airborne & Surface Influence Sweep RAMICS - Rapid Airborne Mine Clearance System RGES - Running Gear Entanglement System RMV - Remote Minehunting Vehicle RTAS - Remotely Towed Active Source SCULPIN - Autonomous Bottom Mapping UUV system ULITE - Ultralight USV - Unmanned Surface Vehicle VTUAV - Vertical Take-off Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Baseline 1 6/1/2004

25 LCS Unmanned Systems: Common Vehicles Platform Types USV Semi-Submersible USV UUV UAV Required Mission Capability COMMON VEHICLE FOR SUW, ASW & MIW MISSIONS HOST SMALLER UUV KILL SUBMARINES NEUTRALIZE SMALL BOATS NEUTRALIZE MINES ID & TARGET COMMON VEHICLE FOR MIW AND ASW MISSIONS HOST SMALLER UUV DATA LINK RELAY BETWEEN AIR AND UNDERWATER INFORMATION/SENSOR GRIDS KILL SUBMARINES NEUTRALIZE MINES COMMON VEHICLE FOR ASW & MIW MISSIONS CLANDESTINE CAPABILITY KILL SUBMARINES NEUTRALIZE MINES HOST SMALLER UUV COMMON VEHICLE FOR ASW, SUW & MIW MISSIONS OTH DATA RELAY ID & TARGET DESTROY SMALL BOATS NEUTRALIZE MINES KILL SUBMARINES Platform Characteristics MISSION RECONFIGURABLE: ISR, DETECT/ENGAGE, COMMS RELAY, ASW, MIW, ASUW, SEARCH & SURVEY AUTONOMOUS OPERATIONS: REDUCED MANNING REQUIREMENTS, COOPERATION BETWEEN DISSIMILAR VEHICLES ONBOARD PROCESSING: ATR CAPABILITY, SOFTWARE AGENTS TO DO SPECIFIC TASKS, AUTONOMOUS DTE NETWORKED SYSTEMS: SUFFICIENT BANDWIDTH FOR VEHICLES TO PASS TIMELY ACTIONABLE INFORMATION CAPT Wright, PMS-420 AUVSI Program Review 10 Feb 05

26 Unmanned Systems Architecture RDML Landay, PEO-LMW AUVSI Program Review 10 Feb 05 Strategic- and Operational-level UAVs and Space Assets, with RF and EO Connectivity, Datalinks and Common C4ISR Architectures USVs Tactical UAVs Sensor Nodes Sensor Nodes UGVs UUVs Sensor Nodes Sensor Nodes Modular, Distributed, Networked, Cooperative Capabilities

27 PEO (LMW) Initiative, Scope, and Objectives Related to Unmanned Systems Standards 1. Unmanned Systems C2 / Interoperability Standards Addresses Common Control Systems, Open Interface (API) Standards (XML), and JAUS & STANAG 4586 joint / Coalition interoperability standards 2. Unmanned Systems C4I Communications Standards Coordinated with Navy C4I Roadmap Addresses Forcenet / GIG Compliance (includes Undersea Forcenet) Pursues common radios & antennas and IP-based networking 3. Unmanned Vehicles Size / HM&E / Payload Modularity Standards Start with UUVs - leverage past progress by UUV Program Office (PMS 403) Includes addressing potential standards for autonomy 4. Open Architecture Standards Address open architecture interfaces to combat systems Computing Environment and functional architecture standardization focus Key is Broad Engagement Across PEOs, Services, & Industry

28 Spiral 1 Spiral 2 Spiral 3 JUSC2 ACTD FY08-FY13 FYDP FY14-FY18 FYDP Increasingly Autonomous "Loner" UVs Autonomous UVs Work in Teams Groups of UVs Become "Cognizant" RMS REQTS into JAUS/SAE Assess JAUS for RMS SPEC Common COMMS Common C2 Autonomous Swarms SPEC UUV REQTS into JAUS/SAE Assess JAUS for UUVs Common C2 Common COMMS SPEC Common COMMS Common C2 Start Moving Toward Common COMMS Across All UV Types in Spiral 2 (Depends on JTRS) Some Autonomous Swarms Autonomous Swarms SPEC Common C2 Common COMMS Autonomous Swarms Month Tech Refresh Cycles within Spirals Common Control Spiral 1 Common Control Spiral 2 Common Control Spiral 3 Era of Federated UV C2 Systems Legacy C2 Systems Interface to a Common Management Function with Modest / Low Manning Reduction Era of Common UV C2 Interfaces New UVs are Built with Standard COMMS and "Plug into" Common C2 Interfaces with no new Control Station ($ Savings) & Significant Manning Reduction Era of UV Group Supervision Common Control of Large Numbers of UVs shifts from Management to Indirect Supervision of Autonomous UV Teams... with some Direct Control Special Cases - Especially with UAVs Joint Interfaces Applied to R&D Systems Joint Interfaces Applied to All Systems Networked UVs are GIG Compliant

29 Focus Areas for Unmanned Reliable Communications Systems Application Open System Architecture Energy and Propulsion Obstacle Avoidance Advanced Sensors Signature Management Real Time Sensor Processing Information Assurance Vehicle Control and Stability Reliable Launch and Recovery Payload and Platform Integration RDML Landay, PEO-LMW AUVSI Program Review 10 Feb 05

30 Mine Countermeasures The Transformation Continues with the Rapid Insertion of Unmanned Systems Capability Augmenting the Fleet and the Force with MCM Capability Flexible Delivery Combatants, Pre-positioned, Commercial Unmanned Systems Shipped via Smart Containers, Interoperable Deployment Logistics, and Interoperable Control Architecture and Data Link Standard Transport & Deployment/Launch ISO Container Standard Control Stations, Data Link and IO Architecture Adaptable Vehicle Families and Standards with Cooperative Behaviors Modular, Scalable, Affordable Payloads and Mission Modules UAV Family UUV Family USV Family UGV Family Propulsion - Energy - Weapons - Sensors - Comms - C2