Cyber Physical Systems An Aerospace Industry Perspective

Transcription

1 Cyber Physical Systems An Aerospace Industry Perspective Don Winter VP- Boeing Phantom Works Nov 2008 BOEING is a trademark of Boeing Management Company. This document does not contain technical data as defined in the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (22 CFR ) or the Export Arms Regulations (15 CFR 779.1). EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 1/4/2007 1

2 Who we are: Phantom Works Charter - Technology Transition to Multiple Customers P-8A Airborne Laser Wing Panel Flex Track Design Sheet Applications F-15K Flex Track V-22 E-3 Joint Tactical Radio System Network Centric Operations Demonstrations C-17 B-52 Ground Vibration Testing Advancements BCA & IDS platforms EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 2

3 Boeing is a Key CPS Stakeholder The Boeing Company is working a rich set of application areas that are benefiting from CPS research Air (military and commercial) Space (high-reliability applications) Land Applications involve multiple networked CPS systems Safety-critical aspects Security Need for predictability in face of dynamic environments Aircraft platforms Commercial Stringent Certification and V&V processes and standards Military Piloted and autonomous aircraft Support all services Varying levels of V&V requirements EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 3

4 Testimony before House Committee on Science and Technology 31 July 2008 CPS are of great importance to Boeing, the Aerospace Industry The challenges today are far greater than those faced in even the recent past and continue to grow as individual systems evolve, operate with greater autonomy and intelligence, and operate as part of a networked system of systems, Requirements for cyber-physical systems and software are far more stringent than those for typical office automation applications. Our systems must support real-time behavior. We require ultra-high reliability and many of our systems are safety critical and require certification. EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 4

5 Today s Aerospace Systems are Increasingly CPS- Intensive Aerospace systems for today and beyond New capabilities Agile behavior in highly dynamic operating environments Operation in a SoS Network Software Size 2005 Avionics 2000 Avionics Multiple Safety Criticalities Information Security Infantry Carrier Vehicle Mounted Combat System Many Computers Multiple Buses Manned Systems Recon and Surveillance Vehicle Nav Sensors Weapon Management Command and Control Vehicle Periodic & Aperiodic Vehicle Mgmt Weapons Hard & Soft Real-Time Mission Computer Data Links Unmanned Air Vehicles Class I Constrained Tactical Links Radar O(10 6 ) Lines of Code Class II Class III Class IV Unattended Ground Sensors Unattended Munitions NLOS LS Intelligent Munitions System 1980 avionics 1990 avionics COTS Avionics S/W challenges 100M >1B SLOC Software Intensive Systems Multiple levels of criticality Non-Line of Sight Cannon Non-Line of Sight Mortar ARV RSTA Unmanned Ground Vehicles ARV Aslt Small (Manpackable) UGV Armed Robotic Vehicles MULE: (Transport) FCS Recovery and Maintenance Vehicle Medical Treatment and Evacuation ARV-A (L) MULE: (Countermine) EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 5

6 Importance of Software to Aerospace Systems Aerospace systems cost trend is shifting away from traditional structures, aero and propulsion to software and systems Payloads Aerodynamics Propulsion Miscellaneous Structures Systems Software verification is becoming one of the leading components of system cost supporting FAA flight certification Typical Recent Commercial Aircraft Cost Distribution Verification will become even larger challenge as systems become more highly integrated Software Verification 50% non-software 30% Software Development 20% EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 6

7 Commercial Aerospace Environment of Tomorrow Worldwide commercial aircraft environment A complex network of systems, processes, & people Evolved independently over decades This industry is now undergoing a major paradigm shift Explosion of Information Technology (IT) Increasing costs and passenger demands This needs to be a Network Enabled Environment To improve efficiency & reduce cost Still in its infancy for Commercial airplanes Airport Broadband Air Industry Suppliers Partners Terminal Wireless Airplane ACARS Private and Public Networks (Global Internet) Airline Boeing EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 7

8 Commercial Aviation Challenges & Opportunities Integrated Network infrastructure can be divided into 5 groups: 1. Onboard Connectivity 2. Off board Connectivity 3. Network Interoperability Technologies 4. Information Architecture 5. Information Management (Post processing) Airline Management A/C Systems Passengers Crew Broadband Satellite Gatelink Global Communications Non-Critical Ground Station Ground Network Infrastructure Airport Airline Operations Consumers Mechanics Airport Services EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 8

9 Security Considerations for Future Commercial Aircraft Environment Security is a critical component of aviation industry When integrated, the network will span various levels of security requirements In the past some of these were physically separated to ensure robust security In an integrated environment we will have to depend on logical separations, without any security compromise Requires breakthrough security technologies that can be deployed worldwide Control Domain Aviation Networks Airport Information Services Domain Gateway World Wide Web End -User Systems Passenger and In-flight Entertainment Systems Domain Offboard Comm Systems Sensor Nodes System Nodes Industry Standard Interfaces FAA Boeing Suppliers Airlines Airports Industry Standard Interfaces EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 9

10 CPS Needs in Wireless Sensor Technologies Passenger Cabin & Airline Maintenance Open Networking Avionics Data Flight Deck Services Cell Phones In Flight Entertainment FOQA Data Flight Attendant Terminals Software Loading Maintenance Access Network Appliances Terminal Wireless Network Core Sat Comm Avionics Printer EFB Passenger Wireless Crew Wireless Printer Avionics Interfaces ACARS Servers Current sensors impose extensive wiring and power requirements that limit their use Breakthrough technologies in wireless sensing and actuation required Extremely low energy or energy harvested sensors Highly efficient sensor communication Have high availability Highly secure Spectrum compliant, globally EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 10

11 Trends in Military Aerospace Systems Future military systems will incorporate greater intelligence and autonomy resulting in highly complex systems Future autonomous systems will no longer be limited to operating in restricted airspace CPS technology advances in characterizing system behavior needed to reflect both system complexity and need to meet similar safety critical levels as commercial systems. In Aug. 2003, Global Hawk became first UAV although not autonomous - to receive authorization from FAA to fly in National Airspace EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 11

12 Dynamic System Behavior is Critical to Future Systems Previously cleared for public release NSF Nov 2006 Collaboration Collaboration C4ISR Data Server Client C2 F-15 Quality of Service Virtual Target Quality Object Management Folder Framework Browser JTIDS Application Controls & Displays Pluggable Protocol ORB TCP sockets Link 16 Interface Software C2 JTIDS Class II Terminal Link 16 Adaptive Resource Mgmt ORB Pluggable Protocol Link 16 Interface Software F-15 JTIDS FDL Terminal New applications require dynamic behaviors Mixture of hard and soft real-time tasks Active resource management and dynamic scheduling Mode changes with component configuration changes Dynamic changes to system membership (e.g. swarms) Capability to handle vast numbers of elements (1000 s) Current component/system models favor static systems CCM Bold Stroke / OCP Must meet Embedded/Real-Time constraints in a dynamic setting Need to handle during system execution things that were typically dealt with out of band at startup EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 12

13 Multi-disciplined CPS Research Agenda Is Required Advances in technologies such as model-based development tools, methods, and validation environments to build systems rapidly and affordably Product focused technologies including software reuse, architectures, real-time theory, languages, and product line architectures to achieve system affordability by recouping investment across multiple system developments. EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 13

14 Product Line Architectures are Part of the Solution Network Management Sys Mgmt- Multi-Ship Ops Battle Management Resource & Sensor Mgmt Contingency Management Human System Interface APPLICATIONS MIDDLEWARE COS Services API Planning FCS SOSCOE Architecture Information Mgmt Critical GIG Interfaces Data Stores Services System Services Information Assurance MIDDLEWARE SERVICES J-UCAS Common Operating System HUD MPCD Stations JDAM Airframe Radar Tgts FLIR Weapons MK82 Infrastructure Services Operating System Board Support Package Hardware (CPU, Memory, I/O) Station AIM120 Fly-out Model AIM9L Bold Stroke Product Line Architecture (F/A-18, F-15, T-45) TAO RT-OS POSIX BSP PC, PowerPC Online Model Controller Controls API OCP Extensions to TAO RT CORBA (TAO) Operating System & Board Support Package Hardware (CPU, Memory, IO) Gnd Station Open Control Platform for Autonomous Systems EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 14

15 Verification, Validation and Certification Challenges V&V and Certification is expensive, and getting more expensive, for fielded systems Future advanced manned and un-manned systems may not fit naturally under current V&V and Certification regimes Need approaches for efficient V&V and Certification for emerging technologies for them to be deployable Multi-entity Systems Human interaction with Autonomy. Fused Sensor Systems Adaptive Systems that change with environmental stimulus Mixed Criticality - Functions dependent on information of varying confidence EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 15

16 Government-Sponsored CPS Research Contributes to the Solution NSF CPS Research Initiative AFRL Flight Critical Systems & Software Initiative Technology advances OSD Software Intensive Systems EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 16

17 The Way Ahead Corporate research dollars for CPS are limited Focus on short and mid-term investments in technology to make our products more attractive in a highly competitive market place and enhance our shareholder value. CPS investments cross multiple technology domains and require industry-level critical mass to achieve the needed results National strategy in which long-term CPS technology needs are achieved by combined Government and Corporate investment is required Need to more effectively engage Industry in transitioning CPS research into real systems EOT_PW_Sub_no-icon.ppt 17

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