Chapter Two Periodic Table

Transcription

1 Question (1) Chapter Two Periodic Table Choose the correct answer for each statement of the following:- 1- The elements of same vertical group are identical in the number of a valence electrons b- protons c- energy levels d- neutrons 2- The elements of the same period are identical in the number of a valence electrons b- protons c- energy levels d- neutrons 3- The most active element in period three is a argon b- phosphorus c- sodium d- aluminum 4- The correct electronic configuration of the outer most energy level of group 0 elements is except He. a ns 2 np 1 b- ns 2 np 4 c- ns 2 np 8 d- ns 2 np 6 5- The element in period 3 which has the least tendency to lose electrons is a- argon b- phosphorus c- sodium d- aluminum 6- The period contains the greatest number of metals is number which a- 1 b- 2 c- 3 d-4 7- The element in period 4 which has the most tendency to lose electrons is a- 19K b- 35 Br c- 20 Ca d- 36 Kr 8- The most active metal in group 2A is a 38Sr b- 20 Ca c 12 Mg d 56 Ba 9- The element in group (II) A has the least tendency to lose electrons (least active)is a 38Sr b- 20 Ca c 12 Mg d 56 Ba 10- Which element in group 1 A has the most tendency to lose electrons (most active)? a- 55Cs b- 3 Li c 19 K d- 11 Na 11- In the reaction : Mg + Cl 2 MgCl 2 The correct half reaction for the oxidation is Prepared by Mr. Khaled Nasr (1)

2 a Mg + 2e Mg +2 b- Cl 2 + 2e 2C1-1 c- Mg Mg e d- Cl 2 2C e 12- The correct half reduction reaction for the reaction in the last question is a Mg + 2e Mg +2 b- Cl 2 + 2e 2C1-1 c- Mg Mg e d- Cl 2 2C1 + 2e 13- In the following reaction: [ NH 4] [ NO2] N 2 2H 2O The oxidation number of nitrogen in NH 4 NO 2 is a- zero b- -4,+4 c- -3,+3 d- -3, The previous reaction is reaction. a - oxidation and reduction b- reduction c- combination d- oxidation 15- Also in the previous reaction a- Nitrogen of ammonium group is oxidized. b- Nitrogen of nitrite group is oxidized. c- Nitrogen of arnmoniun group is oxidized while nitrogen of nitrite group is reduced. d- Nitrogen of ammonium group is reduced while nitrogen of nitrite is oxidized. 16- In the following reaction : [ [ NH 4] [ NO3] N 2O 2H 2O The oxidation number of nitrogen in NH 4 NO 3 is a- +5,+3 b- -3, +5 c- +1 d- +6, Which element in period 4 of the periodic table exhibits the most non metallic property? a- 20Ca b- 31 Ga c- 19 K d- 35 Br 18- Which element in period 3 of the periodic table exhibits the most non metallic property? a- 13Al b- 11 Na c- 17 Cl d- 16 S 19- Elements have the highest ionization potential are a - alkali metals b- noble gases c- transition metals d- halogens 20- In the following reaction 2H 2S SO2 2H 2O 3S there is a - reduction of sulphur b- oxidation of sulphur Prepared by Mr. Khaled Nasr (2)

3 c- Oxidation and reduction of sulphur d- oxidation and reduction of sulphur in H 2 S 21- In the following reaction: 2FeSO 4 2Fe 2O 3 SO2 SO3 there is a- oxidation iron and reduction of sulphur b- oxidation of iron c- reduction of sulphur d- oxidation of sulphur and reduction of iron 22- Metals are characterized by a- small ionization potential b- small atomic radius c- large electron affinity d- electronegative elements 23- MgO is oxide. a- acidic b- basic c- amphoteric d- neutral 24- SO 2 is oxide. a- Acidic b- basic c- amphoteric d- neutral 25- The amphoteric oxide in the following oxides is a- Na 2 O b- CaO c- SnO d- P 2 O Which elements within any given period of the periodic table would always have the lowest first ionization energy? a- an alkali metal b- an alkaline earth metal c- a halogen d- a noble gas 27- An element 35 its electron configuration may be represented as The oxidation number of chlorine in KC1O 4 is (Egypt 2009) a- +1 b- -1 c- +7 d FeCl 3 2FeCl 2 + Cl 2 The oxidation number of chlorine in this reaction (is) a- Decreased. b- increased c- doubled d- remains the same Prepared by Mr. Khaled Nasr (3)

4 30- In the horizontal periods, by increasing atomic no.,the atomic radii a- decreases b- increases c- remains the same d- increases then decreases 31- Calcium ion ( 20 Ca )has an electron configuration the same as an atom of a- Cl b- K c-ar d- Sc 32- The electron configuration of outer most energy level of element is (6s 2 4f 14 5d 3 ) it represents a- representative element b- main transition element c- Inner transition element d- Noble gases 33- Ionic compounds in which hydrogen is the negative ion named a- acids b- alkalies c- nonmetal hydrides d- metal hydrides 34- The elements that have the most pronounced nonmetallic properties are located toward which corner of the periodic table? a- upper right b- upper left c- lower right d- lower left 35- The elements that have the most pronounced metallic properties are located toward which corner of the periodic table? a- upper right b- upper left c- lower right d- lower left 36- In period 4 of the periodic table the atom with; the largest radius is located in group a- IA b- IIIA c- IIIB d- 0 (zero) 37- As we go from left to right through the elements of period 3 there is a general decrease in- -- a- ionization energy b- metallic character c- electronegativity d- non metallic character 38- In which compound does sulphur have the highest oxidation number? a- H 2 S b- SO 3 c- H 2 SO 3 d- H 2 S 2 O In the previous question which compound does sulphur have the lowest oxidation number? a- H 2 S b- SO 3 c- H 2 SO 3 d- H 2 S 2 O In the following reaction: Zn Cu Zn Cu 2 2 ( s ) ( aq ) ( aq ) ( s ) Prepared by Mr. Khaled Nasr (4)

5 a- c- 2 Zn 2e Zn 2 b - Cu 2e Cu 2 Zn Zn 2e 2 c- Cu Cu 2e 41- In which compound does chlorine have the highest oxidation number? a- HClO b-hcl c- HC1O 2 d- HC1O In the following reaction: - Cl 2Br 2Cl Br which substance is oxidized 2 2 a- Br -1 b- Cl -1 c- Br d-c1 Question (2) Write the scientific expressions of each of the following statements:. 1- Elements that are characterized by large atomic sizes and good conductors of electricity. 2- Elements having electronic configuration ends by ns 2 (n- 1 ) 1 10 d 3- Elements in which their valency shell, have more than half its capacity of electrons. 4- Elements having electronic configuration ends by ns 2 np 5 5- Elements having electronic configuration ends by ns 2 np The elements which their ionic radius are smaller than their atomic radius. 7- Elements in which their valency level have less than half its capacity of electrons. 8- The distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. 9- Elements in which sublevel (f) is filled successively with electrons. 10- Metallic oxides that behave as both acidic and basic oxides. 11- Half the distance between two similar atoms in a diatomic molecule. 12- A process where the atom or ion gains electrons leading to the increase of its negative charge or decrease of its positive charge. 13- A process where the atom or ion loses electrons leading to the increase of its positive charge or decreases of its negative charge. 14- A number that refers to the electric charge ( positive or negative ) that the atom would have in the ionic or in the covalent compound. 15- They are elements of s and p- block except that of group zero. Prepared by Mr. Khaled Nasr (5)

6 16- The elements their electronic configuration ends by ns np and their highest level tends to reach the completed configuration ns 2 np 6 by gaining, losing or sharing electrons. 17- Elements have a metallic appearance and most properties of nonmetals. 18- Elements having ionic radius larger than their atomic radius. 19- Elements in which sublevel nd 1 10 is filled successively. 20- The amount of energy required to remove electron from the positive ion 21- The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron completely from an isolated gaseous atom. 22- The amount of energy released when an extra electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom. Prepared by Mr. Khaled Nasr (6)

7 Question (4) Give reasons for the following -: Prepared by Mr. Khaled Nasr (7)

8 1- Aluminum oxide, Al 2 O 3 is an amphoteric oxide. 2- Nitrogen has negative oxidation numbers in its compounds with hydrogen, while it has positive oxidation numbers in its compounds with oxygen. 3- When sodium hydride is melted and electrolyzed hydrogen gas will evolve at anode. 4- Oxygen has positive oxidation numbers in oxygen fluoride. 5- Hydrogen has negative oxidation numbers (-1) in the metal hydrides, while it has positive oxidation number (+1) in the non metal hydrides. 6- Ionization energies of the elements increase in the periods of the periodic table on going from left to right, while it decrease in the groups of the periodic table on going from up to down. 7- Cs is the most active metal. 8- Chlorine has negative oxidation number in its compounds with hydrogen, while it has positive oxidation number in its compounds with oxygen. 9- HI acid is stronger than HC1 acid. 10- HClO 4 is stronger than H 3 PO 4 acid. 11- The strength of oxygenated acids increase in the periods by increasing the atomic number. 12- Anomalous of 4 Be and 7 N in the graduation of electron affinity in the elements of the second period. 13- The radius of the positive ion is smaller than the radius of its atom. 14- The radius of the negative ion is larger than the radius of its atom. 15- The radius of Fe +2 > the radius of Fe The second ionization energy of elements is larger than the first ionization one. 17- The second ionization energy of elements of group 1A is very high. 18- SO 2 is acidic oxide while Na 2 O is basic one. 19- The electron affinity of fluorine is less than that for chlorine however the fluorine atom is smaller in size. 20- Oxygen has positive oxidation number (+2) with fluorine. 21- Fluorine has negative oxidation number with all elements. 22- The electron affinity of noble gases is entirely diminished. 23- The electro negativity of oxygen is higher than the electronegativity of nitrogen. Question (5) Prepared by Mr. Khaled Nasr (8)

9 A-Compare between each of the following -: 1- Representative elements and noble gases. 2- Main transition elements and inner transition elements. 3- Lanthanides and actinides. 4- First and second ionization energy. 5- Electron affinity and electronegativity. 6- Ionization energy and electron affinity. 7- Acidic oxides and basic oxides. 8- Basic oxides and amphoteric oxides. 9- Metals and metalloids. 10- Positive ions and negative ions. B- 1- The following equation -: M M + + e - Indicates three important scientific expressions which you studied before -: 1- What are these three expressions? 2- Define each of them. 3- Show the graduation of one of them in the periodic table. 2- The following equation -: X X -1 - e H -ve Indicates three important scientific expressions which you studied before - : 1- What are these three expressions? 2- Define each of them. 3- Show the graduation of one of them in the periodic table. 3- The following equation -: M 0 M + + e - H + Indicates an important scientific expression. 1- What is it? Prepared by Mr. Khaled Nasr (9)

10 2- What the relation between this expression and the expression which indicates by the equation and mention the reason. M + M ++ + e - 4- Choose the correct answer for each statement of the following with giving the reason of your choice: A- If the radius of sodium ion equals 0.95 A, therefore the radius of sodium atom is a- = 0.95 A b- >0.95 A c- <0.95 A B- If the radius of chloride ion equals 1.81 A, therefore the radius of chlorine atom is a->1.81 b- <1.81 A c-=1.81 C- If the radius of Fe +2 is 0.75 A, therefore the radius of Fe +3 is a-> 0.75 A b- <0.75 A c- = 0.75 A Question (6) :- general questions 1- Calculate the oxidation number of sulphur in the following: a. H 2 S b. H 2 SO 4 C. H 2 S 2 O 3 e. SO 2 f.. SO 3 g. SO 3 ) -2 i. S 2 O 3 ) Calculate the oxidation number of chromium in the following:- a. K 2 Cr 2 O 7 b. CrCl 3 c. Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 d. (Cr 2 O 7 ) -2 e. Cr 2 O 3 3- Calculate the oxidation number of nitrogen in the following -: a. NH 3 B. NH 4 OH c. NH 2 NH 2 d. (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 e. NH 2 OH f. HNO 3 g. (NO 3 ) Calculate the oxidation number of manganese in the following - : a- KMnO 4 b- K 2 MnO 4 c- MnSO 4 d- (MnO 4 ) -2 e- (MnO 4 ) Calculate the oxidation number of chlorine in the following -: a- HC1O -1 b- NaC1O 2 c- KC1O 3 d- HCIO 4 6- From the reactions which do not represent oxidation and reduction named i.e. Double displacement reactions e.g a- acid with base (metallic oxide( b- acid with alkali (neutralization) c- acid with salt (acid and carbonate) d- salt solution with another salt solution. Show which one of the following do not represent oxidation-reduction reactions: Prepared by Mr. Khaled Nasr (10)

11 Question 7 arrange the following elements and ions in an ascending order and mention the reason. 8- Answer the following questions: Prepared by Mr. Khaled Nasr (11)

12 1- Determine the oxidation state of sulphur in each of the following molecules or ions: a. H 2 S b- S 8 c- SCl 2 d- Na 2 SO 4 e- SO 4 ) Phosphine PH 3, a highly toxic gas, burns readily in air to form phosphorus (V) oxide and water vapour. The balanced equation for this reaction is: 2PH 3 + 4O 2 P 2 O 5 + 3H 2 O Identify the elements oxidized and reduced and indicate which substances are the oxidizing and reducing agents. 3- Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between Mg (II) oxide and sulphuric acid. Explain why the reaction is not oxidation reduction? 4 -What is the characteristic outer-shell electron configuration of two elements of the group VIIA, (the halogens)? 5- Mention the variation in ionization energy across a period (from left to right) and a group (from top to bottom) in the periodic table? Prepared by Mr. Khaled Nasr (12)

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14 1- Calculate the ionic bond length of (CrO) molecule. 2- Which more longer, the bond length in CrO molecule or the Bond length in Cr 2 O 3 molecule?(give reason( 10- The oxidation and reduction are two operations go together in the chemical reaction. Show the oxidation and reduction in the following reactions and show the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent. Prepared by Mr. Khaled Nasr (14)

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