The Sri Lankan Women Partner in Progress

Transcription

1 The Sri Lankan Partner in Progress

2 Foreword

3 Preface This is the fourth publication in the series of and in Sri Lanka published by the. in Sri Lanka play a significant role in all development spheres, and their contribution to the national economy is enormous. Producing gender dis-aggregated data is the most reliable way to recognize and account for women s contribution. This is also an important tool to assess the status of women and men in the country and to measure the level of progress by comparing with data of other countries. The Ministry of Child Development and s Affairs was very keen in obtaining current gender dis-aggregated data and updated information on women s status in Sri Lanka as the situation has changed rapidly during the past decade. I wish to express my sincere thanks to the Secretary of the Ministry of Child Development and s Affairs for entrusting this analytical study to the Department of Census and Statistics. I would like to convey my sincere thanks to Mr. W.W.M.A.S. Premakumara, Additional Director General, Miss. W.J. Nigamuni, Director of Research and Special Studies Division, and the staff of Research and Special Studies Division for preparing this useful publication within short period of time. Finally, the continued assistance given by the public sector organizations to success this task is very much appreciated. I hope that this publication will meet the interest of the data user s including policy makers, academics and researchers etc. December, 2014 D.C.A. Gunawardena Director General 109, 4 th and 5 th Floor Rotunda Tower, Galle Road, Colombo 03.

4 CONTENTS Chapter 1 - Population Page No Table 1.01 Population in Sri Lanka by Sex, Census Years, Table 1.02 Population by Five Year Age Group and Sex, Table 1.03 Sex Ratio by District, Table 1.04 Functional Age Groups of the Population, Table 1.05 Expectancy of Life at Birth, /06 06 Table 1.06 Age Dependency Rate, Table 1.07 Age Dependency Ratio by Sector and Province, Table 1.08 Age and Sex Specific Death Rate, Table 1.09 Median Age at Population, Table 1.10 Population by Marital Status, Table 1.11 Singulate Mean Age at Marriage, Table 1.12 Household Heads by Sex, Table 1.13 Percentage of Household Heads by Age Group and Sex, Table 1.14 Household Heads of Occupied housing units by Literacy and Sex, Table 1.15 Household Heads of Occupied housing units by Marital Status and Sex, Table 1.16 Percentage distribution of Population Aged 15 yrs. and above according to Marital Status by Sex, Table 1.17 Percentage of Household Heads by Sector and Marital Status, Table 1.18 The Elderly Population by Age Group, Table 1.19 The Elderly Population above 60 yrs. by Age, Sex and Sector, Chapter 2 - Education Table 2.01 Percentage Distribution of Population aged 5Yrs. and above according to Educational Attainment by sex Table 2.02 Educational Attainment of by Sector and Age group, Table 2.03 Educational Attainment of by Sector and Age group, Table 2.04 Literacy Rates by sex, (Population aged 10 years & above) 21 iv

5 Table 2.05 Literacy Rates of Population aged 10 years & over by District, Table 2.06 Literacy Rates of Population aged 10 years and over by Sector, Table 2.07 Literacy Rates of Population aged 10 years & over by Age & Sex, Table 2.08 Illiteracy Rates of Population aged 10 years & over by District, Table 2.09 Illiteracy Rates of Population aged 10 years & over by Sector & Sex, Table 2.10 Illiteracy Rates of Population aged 10 years & over by Age & Sex, Table 2.11 Percentage distribution of Population (10 years of Age and Over) by Ability to Speak, Read and Write by Sex and Main Languages, Table 2.12 Number of Functioning Schools by Gender, Table 2.13 School Enrollment by Province, Table 2.14 School Enrollment by Grade, Table 2.15 School Attendance of Children by District & Age Group, Table 2.16 Net Enrollment Rate in Primary Education by Gender, Table 2.17 Grade 5 Scholarship Examination 2014, Performance of Candidates 30 Table 2.18 G.C.E.(O/L) Examination 2013, Performance of School Candidates 30 Table 2.19 G.C.E.(A/L) Examination 2013, Performance of School Candidates 31 Table 2.20 Proportion of Pupils Starting Grade1 who Reach Grade 5, Table 2.21 Dropout Rate by Grade, Sex and Medium of Instruction, Table 2.22 Repetition Rate by Grade,Sex and Medium of Instruction, Table 2.23 Number of Undergraduate entrants by University and Sex, 2010/11 and 2011/12 33 Table 2.24 Number of Undergraduate entrants by Academic Stream and Sex, 2010/11 and 2011/12 35 Table 2.25 Student Enrollment for Courses in the Open University, Table 2.26 Number of Undergraduate entrants by University and Sex for External Degree Courses, Table 2.27 Distribution of Teaching Staff in Higher Educational Institutions according to Staff category and Sex, Table 2.28 Management Staff in Universities, 2007/ Table 2.29 University Teachers, 2006 & Table 2.30 Student Enrollment by Vocational and Technical Training Institutions, v

6 Table 2.31 Vocational and Technical Training 2013, In selected Public Sector Training Organizations 43 Table 2.32 Competitors of Athletics in National Sports Festivals by Province, Table 2.33 Competitors of other Sports Festivals, Chapter 3 Health and Nutrition Table 3.01 Number of Births and Percentage of Births by Sex, Table 3.02 Assistance of Doctor, Government Nurse/Midwife and Other Staff during the Delivery, Table 3.03 Percentage of Trained Personnel Attending in Delivery by Sector, /07 48 Table 3.04 Age Specific Fertility Rate by Age Group, Table 3.05 Total Fertility Rate and Children Ever Born, /07 50 Table 3.06 Percentage of Currently Married age who are currently using specific contraceptive methods,sri Lanka, /07 51 Table 3.07 Female Sterilization by Sector, /07 52 Table 3.08 Number of Deaths and Death Rate by Sex, Table 3.09 Infant Mortality Rate by Sex, Table 3.10 Number of Child Deaths and Child Death Rate by Sex, Table 3.11 Maternal Mortality Rate by District, Table 3.12 Maternal Deaths by Age of Mother, Table 3.13 Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) by Age of Mother, Table 3.14 Causes of Mortality by Age Group, Table 3.15 Mortality due to tal Diseases by Sex, Table 3.16 Mortality due to tal Diseases by Age Group and Sex, vi

7 Table 3.17 Percentage distribution of Anaemia among Children Aged 6-59 months by Sex,2006/07 63 Table 3.18 Percentage distribution of Prevalence of Anaemia among Non-Pregnant by Age,2006/07 64 Table 3.19 Percentage distribution of Prevalence of Anaemia among Pregnant by Aged Years,2006/07 65 Table 3.20 Percentage distribution of Prevalence of Anaemia among Non-Pregnant by Aged yrs. by Sector,2006/07 65 Table 3.21 Body Mass Index of Ever Married,2006/07 66 Table 3.22 Cumulative Number of HIV Cases by Sex, Table 3.23 Percentage of HIV Cases by Age Group and Sex, Table 3.24 Cumulative Number of AIDS Cases by Sex, Table 3.25 Venereal Diseases by Age Group and Sex, Table 3.26 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (HIV Infection, Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, NGU,NGC, Genital Herpes,Genital Warts) by Age Group and Sex, Table 3.27 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (HIV Infection, Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, GU,NGC, Genital Herpes, Genital Warts) by Sex, Chapter 4 Contribution to Economy Table 4.01 Household Population by Activity Status, Table 4.02 Household Population by Age Group, Table 4.03 Labour Force by Educational Level Table 4.04 Labour Force Participation Rate, Table 4.05 Labour Force Participation Rate by Age Group, Table 4.06 Labour Force Participation Rate by Province, Table 4.07 Labour Force Participation Rate by District, Table 4.08 Labour Force Participation Rate by Sector, Table 4.09 Economically Inactive Persons by Reason, Table 4.10 Employed Population, vii

8 Table 4.11 Employed Population by Age Group, Table 4.12 Employed Population by Province, Table 4.13 Employed Population by District, Table 4.14 Employed Population by Sector, Table 4.15 Employed Population by Level of Education, Table 4.16 Employed Population by Major Economic Sector, Table 4.17 Employed Population by Employment Status, Table 4.18 Employed Population by Occupational Group, Table 4.19 Hours per week actually worked at the Main Job, Table 4.20 Employed Population by Employment Status and Major Economic Sector, Table 4.21 Unemployed Population, Table 4.22 Unemployed Population by Age Group, Table 4.23 Unemployed Population by Province, Table 4.24 Unemployed Population by District, Table 4.25 Unemployed Population by Sector, Table 4.26 Unemployed Population by Level of Education, Table 4.27 Underemployed Population by Age Group, Table 4.28 Underemployed Population by Economic Sector, Table 4.29 Underemployed Population by Province, Table 4.30 Underemployed Population by Level of Education, Table 4.31 Employment by Sector of Employment, Table 4.32 Informal Sector Employment by hours actually worked per week in the Informal Sector, Table 4.33 Employment by Employment Status in the Informal Sector, Table 4.34 Household Median income by Sector, 2012/13 93 Table 4.35 Percentage of Income Receivers by Sector,2012/13 93 Table 4.36 Percentage of Income Receivers by Province,2012/13 94 viii

9 Chapter 5 Public Life Table 5.01 Proportion of Seats held by in National Parliament, Table 5.02 Members of Provincial Councils, Table 5.03 Ministers of Provincial Councils by Province, Table 5.04 District Secretaries, Table 5.05 Divisional Secretaries, Table 5.06 Police Personnel, Table 5.07 Representation in the Legal Draftsman s Department,as at 31 st December Table 5.08 Representation in the Attorney General s Department as at May Table 5.09 Representation in the Executive by Secretaries to Ministries, Table 5.10 Members of Sri Lanka Chartered Institute Table 5.11 Distribution of Provincial Public Sector Employees by Educational Qualification and Sex, Table 5.12 Distribution of Employees by Services Table 5.13 State Sector Employees by Occupational Group Table 5.14 Provincial Public Sector Employees by Occupational Group Table 5.15 All Sector(State and Provincial Public) Employees by Occupational Group Table 5.16 State Sector Employees by Selected Occupations Table 5.17 Provincial Public Sector Employees by Selected Occupations Table 5.18 All Sector Employees by Selected Occupations Table 5.19 Number of Drivers Licenses Issued Yearly Per Gender, Chapter 6 Special Concerns Table 6.01 Free Trade Zone Workers by Zone, Table 6.02 Free Trade Zone Workers by Manpower level, Table 6.03 Single Headed (One Person) Households by Sector, ix

10 Table 6.04 Single Headed (One Person) Households by Age Group, Table 6.05 Single Headed (One Person) Households by Educational Level, Table 6.06 Single Headed (One Person) Households by Marital Status, Table 6.07 Single Headed (One Person) Households by Activity Status, Table 6.08 Departures for Foreign Employment by Manpower Level & Sex, Table 6.09 Comparison of Male Migrant Workers, Housemaids & Other Female Migrant Workers, Table 6.10 Motives for Suicide by Sex, Table 6.11 Methods of Suicide by Sex, Table 6.12 Convicted Prisoners by Age Group and Sex, Table 6.13 Convicted Prisoners by Level of Education & Sex, Table 6.14 Convicted Prisoners by Type of Offence and & Sex, Table 6.15 Convicted Prisoners with Previous Proved Offences, x

11 Chapter 1 - Population The Population of Sri Lanka is estimated to be approximately 20.3 million, the outcome of a five fold increase that has been recorded during the past century. According to the Census of Population and Housing , children below 15yrs. of age constitute 25.2 percent and age 65 years and over 7.8 percent. The sex ratio which has been in favour of men has stands at 93.7 men for 100 women in However, Age sex composition of the population reveals that more males than females are counted among early childhood ages, compulsory schooling cohort and teenages below 14 years of age. At age 15yrs. and over, the gender imbalance has turned towards men, the gap widening with age and quite pronounced among senior citizens (=>65yrs), where only 76 percent men are reported for every 100 elderly women. Sri Lanka Population is growing older at a rapid pace. The median age of the population has increased by 22yrs. for women and 10yrs. for men since The average life expectancy for women is 76.4 yrs. and 71.7 yrs. for men for the period of The age dependancy ratio decrease of 37.7 percentage points in respect of young dependents from 74.2 percent to 38 percent and increase of 5.5 percentage points in respect of the elderly dependents from 6.2 percent to 11.7 percent for the period of 1953 to Marital Status is another demographic characteristic of a population percent of 15yrs. and above members of the population are married and almost 25.5 percent is never married. Percentage of never married population is higher among males than among females. 11

12 Facts and Figures Item Year Number of Population ( 000) ,271 Male ( 000) ,808 Female ( 000) , Sex Ratio (Males per 100 females) Age Group , ,666, ,025, <= , , ,707, ,539,955 65<= ,329 Marital Status 2012 Never Married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Household Heads Median Age of Population (Yrs.) Singulate Mean Age at Marriage (Yrs.)

13 Table 1.01 : Population in Sri Lanka by Sex, Census Years, ( In Thousands) Year Total Male Female Sex ratio , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,797.3 (1) 9,359.1 (1) 9,438.1 (1) , , , Sex Ratio Number of males per 100 females (1) Estimates + Provisional data based on 5 sample Note : Total may not tally due to rounding off figures are first decimal Source : Census of Population and Housing Figure 1.01 : Population by Gender for Census Years Population('000) Sex Ratio Total Sex Ratio Year - The Population of Sri Lanka has shown a five fold increase in the past century. - The sex ratio which has been declining steadily over the years has started to drop sharply since the middle of the century. 13

14 Table 1.02 : Population by Five Year Age Group and Sex, 2012 Age group (yrs.) Total Womem Sex ratio No All ages 20,271, ,463, ,808, ,743, , , ,745, , , ,627, , , ,640, , , ,514, , , ,540, , , ,631, , , ,405, , , ,370, , , ,277, , , ,215, , , ,055, , , , , , , , , , , , and over 551, , , Note : Provisional data based on 5 sample Source : Census of Population and Housing 2012 Figure 1.02: Population Pyramid, and over Age Group 1, ,000 Population in Thousands 14

15 Table 1.03 : Sex Ratio by District, 2012 Population Sex District Total Male Female Ratio Sri Lanka 20,271,464 9,808,362 10,463, Colombo 2,310,136 1,132,563 1,177, Gampaha 2,294,806 1,118,070 1,176, Kalutara 1,217, , , Kandy 1,370, , , Matale 482, , , Nuwara Eliya 706, , , Galle 1,059, , , Matara 809, , , Hambanota 596, , , Jaffna 583, , , Mannar 99,107 47,854 51, Vavuniya 171,390 83,818 87, Mullaitivu 90,842 45,000 45, Kilinochchi 112,980 55,413 57, Batticaloa 525, , , Ampara 648, , , Trincomalee 378, , , Kurunegala 1,610, , , Puttalam 760, , , Anuradhapura 856, , , Polonnaruwa 403, , , Badulla 815, , , Moneragala 448, , , Ratnapura 1,082, , , Kegalle 836, , , Note : Provisional data based on 5 sample Source : Census of Population and Housing

16 Table 1.04 : Functional Age Groups of the Population, 2012 Age Group Total Population 10,463, ,808, Early childhood (under 5 yrs.) 864, , Compulsory schooling (5-14 yrs.) 1,666, ,707, Reproductive age cohort (15-49 yrs.) 5,339, ,041, Working age (15-64 yrs.) 7,025, ,539, Elderly (65 yrs. and over ) 906, , Note : Provisional data based on 5 sample Source : Census of Population and Housing The working age population of women represent slightly higher than men. Table 1.05 : Expectancy of Life at Birth, /06 Year (Yrs.) (Yrs.) Expectation of life at birth Average number of years a person would live if current age pattern of mortality were to continue Source : Statistical Pocket Book Figure 1.03 : Expectancy of Life at Birth of years Year - The lifespan of both men and women in Sri Lanka has risen continually over the past five decades; with women showing a spectacular increase of 35yrs. against 28yrs. reported for men. 16

17 Table 1.06 : Age Dependency Ratio, Year <15yrs. >64yrs. Total * ** / Note : * Excludes unspecified 69,306 persons. ** Jaffna, Mannar, Vavuniya, Mullaitivu, Kilinochchi, Batticaloa and Trincomalee Districts in which 2001 census enumeration was not completed are not included here. + Provisional data based on 5 sample Source : Census of Population and Housing Consumer Finance and Socio Economic Survey 2003/04 Central Bank of Sri Lanka Figure 1.04 : Age Dependency Ratio, Ratio / >64 Yrs. <15 Yrs. Year - The overall dependency rtio has recorded a 38.6 percent drop from 80.4 to 49.4, over a time span of 59 years between 1953 and The dependency ratio in respect of chidren has registered a continuous sharp decline over the year, and stand at 37.7 percent in Comparatively, the elderly dependents have increased steadily but at a slower pase is estimated as 11.7 percent. 17

18 Table 1.07 : Age Dependency Ratio by Sector and Province, 2012 Sector / Province Dependency Ratio Total <15 yrs. >64 yrs. Sri Lanka Sector Urban Rural Estate Province Western Central Southern Northern Eastern North Western North Central Uva Sabaragamuwa Dependency Ratio Dependecy Ratio is the ratio o f young (0-14) and old (65 and over) segments of a Population to the segment of working ages (15-64) Population ages 0-14 & Population age Note : Provisional data based on 5 sample Source : Census of Population and Housing Provincial data reveals that the number of dependents per working age person is highest in the Eastern Province (53.9), followed by Central (53.2) and Southern (52.5) Provinces and the lowest in the Western Province (45.5) Table 1.08 Age and Sex Specific Death Rates, Age Group All Ages Source : Registrar General s Department 18

19 Table 1.09 : Median Age at Population, Year (Yrs.) (Yrs.) Provisional data based on 5 sample Source : Census of Population and Housing Figure 1.05 : Median Age of and, Median Age (Yrs.) The Population of Sri Lanka continue to grow older with women in the lead. 19

20 Table 1.10 : Population by Marital Status, 2012 Age Group (yrs.) Total Never Married Married Widowed Divorced/ Separated and over Age Group (yrs.) Total Never Married Married Widowed Divorced/ Separated and over Note : Provisional data based on 5 sample Source : Census of Population and Housing 2012 Figure 1.06: Percentage of Married Population by Age and Sex, 2012 percentage and over Age Group 20

21 Table 1.11 : Singulate Mean Age at Marriage, Year (Yrs.) (Yrs.) Note : Provisional data based on 5 sample Source : Census of Population and Housing 2012 Singulate mean age at Marriage (SMAM) The average number of years lived in a single state, computed from data on marital status by age. 60 Figure 1.07: Singulate Mean Age at Marriage, Year - The average age at which the woman enters wedlock has continued to rise steadily from 20.7yrs. to 24.4 yrs. in Then slightly decrease from 23.8yrs. in 2001 to 23.4yrs. in Table 1.12 : Household Heads by Sex, Year Total Provisional data based on 5 sample Source : Census of Population and Housing Household head is the person who usually resides in the household and is acknowledged by the other members of the household as the head. 21

22 Table 1.13: Percentage of Household Heads by Age Group and Sex, 2012 Age Group (yrs.) Total of Total 5,251, <30 376, ,651, ,850, and Over 1,373, Note : Provisional data based on 5 sample Source : Census of Population and Housing Table 1.14 : Household Heads of Occupied housing units by Literacy Rate and Sex, 2012 Sex and Age Literacy Rate () Both Sexes Under and over 92.5 Male Under and over 93.7 Female Under and over 91.4 Note : Provisional data based on 5 sample Source : Census of Population and Housing 2012 Table 1.15 : Household Heads of Occupied housing units by Marital Status and Sex, 2012 Marital Status Sex Both Sexes Male Female Total 5,251,155 3,980,862 1,270,293 Never Married 199, ,152 86,753 Married (Registered) 4,269,149 3,635, ,448 Married (Customary) 171, ,524 36,606 Widowed 519,450 66, ,637 Divorced 17,899 5,724 12,175 Legally Separated 13,774 4,405 9,369 Separated (not legally) 59,849 20,543 39,306 Note : Provisional data based on 5 sample Source : Census of Population and Housing

23 Table 1.16 : Percentage distribution of Population Aged 15 yrs. and above according to Marital Status by Sex, * Marital Status W M W M W M W M W M Never married Married Widowed Divorced/ Separated Total Note : * Jaffna, Mannar, Vavuniya, Mullaitivu, Kilinochchi, Batticaloa and Trincomalee districts in which 2001 Census enumeration was not completed are not included here. + Provisional data based on 5 sample M =, W = Source : Census of Population and Housing 2012 Figure 1.08 : Percentage distribution of Population (Aged 15 Yrs. and above) by Marital Status, 2012 Divorced/Separated Widowed Married Never married Male Female Percentage - The population in widowhood is gradually declining upto 2001 and then increased by 1.6 percent in The rate of divorce is seen to be slowly but steadily increaseing. 23

24 Table 1.17: Percentage of Household Heads by Sector and Marital Status, 2012 Sector and Sex Total Never married () Married Widowed Divorced/ Separated () () () All sectors 5,251, ,270, ,980, Urban 913, , , Rural 4,114, , ,123, Estate 222, , , Note : Provisional data based on 5 sample Source : Census of Population and Housing Overall over 90 percent of male household heads are reported to be married whereas the corrosponding percentage for women household heads in over 50 percent. In contrast, 40.4 percent of the women are widowed, divorced or separated, while in the case of male heads only 2.5 percent are found in that case. Proportionately, widowed, divorced and separated is higher among rural women. Table 1.18 : The Elderly Population by Age Group, Age Group (Yrs.) * <60 6,819, ,045, ,677, ,688, , , , , , , , , >90 8, , , , Total 7,278, ,568, ,504, ,425, An Elder - An Elder is difined as a person 60 years of age or over Note * Jaffna, Mannar, Vavuniya, Mullaitivu, Kilinochchi, Batticaloa and Trincomalee districts in which 2001 Census enumeration was not completed are not included here. Source : Census of Population and Housing 1981,

25 Table 1.19 : The Elderly Population above 60yrs. by Age, Sex and Sector, 2012 Age Group (Yrs.) Total Male Female Sector Urban Rural Estate Total 2,502,585 1,104,982 1,397, ,401 1,920, , , , , , ,903 40, , , , , ,607 29, , , ,214 79, ,475 15, , , ,631 51, ,579 8, ,333 64,208 96,125 32, ,312 3, and over 107,295 40,904 66,391 20,474 84,505 2,316 Note : Provisional data based on 5 sample Source : Census of Population and Housing Figure 1.09 Elderly Population by Sex Percentage Male Female - Out of the total Population (above 60 years and over ) 38.2 percent are in male and 61.8 percent are in female and over Age Group Figure 1.09a Elderly Population by Sector Percentage Urban Rural Estate - More old Population can be seen in Rural Sector and over Age Group 25

26 Chapter 2 - Education Literacy is a basic need and a right of every individual. It is fundamental to personal empowerment and is a powerful instrument in gaining access to information. The literacy rate which was estimated as 3.1 percent for women and 29.8 percent for men in 1881, yielding a gender gap of 26.7 percentage points, experienced a spectacular rise for both men and women resulting in corresponding rates of 94.6 percent for women and 96.9 percent for men by 2012 thus yielding a gender differential of only 2.3 percentage points. Net enrollment ratio in primary school is virtually over 95 percent for both boys and girls, while school enrollment figures are higher for boys at junior secondary level. In general girls are associated with lower repetition and dropout rates than boys. being more likely than men to go to universities, perform better academically and major in fields like medicine, law and agriculture. This is true for enrollment in external degree courses in universities as well. Vocational and technical training enables adolescent girls to earn an income and build crucial lifes skills. On an average one third of total participants who follow vocational and technical training courses are women, but women outnumber men in enrollment of courses for languages, information and communication, multimedia, finance banking management fields. representation in national sports stand at 44 percent during 2012 to 2013 year period. Whilst this number has been 36 percent in

27 Facts and Figures Item Year Value Literacy Rate () 2012 Sri Lanka Literacy Rate () by Sector 2012 Urban Rural Estate Illiteracy Rate () 2012 Sri Lanka Functioning Schools (Number) 2012 Total... 9, Mixed...9,572 School enrollment (Girls/100 boys) Net Enrollement rate Undergraduate entrants ( of ) 2011/ Student enrollement in open university ( of ) 2012 Certificate Diploma Bachelor Degree Post Graduate Diploma Higher Degree Management staff in Universities ( ) University staff ( )

28 Table 2.01: Percentage distribution of Population aged 5 yrs. and above according to Educational Attainment by Sex, 2012 Level of Education Population aged 5 yrs. & above Total 18,527,683 9,598,325 8,929,358 No Schooling Grade Grade G.C.E.(O/L) or equivalent G.C.E.( A/L) or equivalent Degree and above Source : Provisional data based on 5 sample Census of Population and Housing 2012 Figure 2.01: Percentage distribution of Population aged 5 Yrs. and above by level of Education & Sex, No Schooling Grade 1-5 Grade 6-10 Passed G.C.E.(O/L) or equivalent Passed G.C.E.(A/L) or equivalent Degree and above - Majority of the population (64.3) completed their education only up to the secondary Level. 18

29 Table 2.02 : Educational Attainment of by Sector and Age Group, 2012 Sector and Age Group (yrs.) Total Never attended Educational Attainment Primary Secondary G.C.E. (O/L) G.C.E. (A/L) Degree & above All Sectors 8,929, ,707, ,425, ,114, and above 682, Urban 1,659, , , , and above 130, Rural 6,887, ,326, ,396, ,638, and above 526, Estate 382, , , , and above 26, Source : Provisional data based on 5 sample Census of Population and Housing s achievement in Tertiary Level education is higher than the level of education in men. There are Slight differences can be seen in sectoral wise primary and secondary education. 19

30 Table 2.03 : Educational Attainment of by Sector and Age Group, 2012 Sector and Educational Attainment Age Group Total Never Primary Secondary G.C.E. G.C.E. Degree (yrs.) attended (O/L) (A/L) & above All Sectors 9,598, ,666, ,678, ,347, and above 906, Urban 1,766, , , , and above 176, Rural 7,417, ,292, ,621, ,808, and above 695, Estate 413, , , , and above 34, Source : Provisional data based on 5 sample Census of Population and Housing 2012 Figure 2.02 : Educational Attainment by Sector & Level of Education, 2012 Estate Sector Rural Sector Urban Sector Percentage No Schooling Primary Secondary G.C.E (O/L) G.C.E (A/L) Higher 20

31 Table 2.04 : Literacy Rates by Sex, (Population aged 10 years & above) Year Total /91* * # * Literate Person A person who can with understanding both read and write a short simple statement on his/her everyday life. Literacy Rate The number of literate persons aged 10 years and above as a percent of the total population in that age group. Note : *Exclude Northern and Eastern Provinces #Jaffna, Mannr, Vavuniya, Mullaitivu, Kilinochchi, Batticaloa and Trincomalee districts in which the 2001 Census enumeration was not completed are not included here. Source : Census of population and Housing Labour force Survey 2006, 2011 Household Income and Expenditure Survey 1990/91 Demographic and Health Survey 1994 Figure 2.03 : Literacy Rate by Sex, Percentage Year - Gender inequality in literacy has been dramatically reduced in the past century, so that the literacy gap between men and women has narrowed down from 26.7 percentage points in 1881 to 2.3 percentage points in

32 Table 2.05 : Literacy Rates of Population Aged 10 years & over by District, 2012 District Literacy Rate () Total Male Female Sri Lanka Colombo Gampaha Kalutara Kandy Matale Nuwara Eliya Galle Matara Hambantota Jaffna Mannar Vavuniya Mullaitivu Kilinochchi Batticaloa Ampara Trincomalee Kurunegala Puttalam Anuradhapura Polonnaruwa Badulla Moneragala Ratnapura Kegalle Source : Provisional data based on 5 sample Census of Population and Housing Figure 2.04 : Literacy Rates by District & Sex, 2012 Percentage District 22

33 Table 2.06 : Literacy Rates of Population Aged 10 years and over by Sector, 2012 Sector Total Male Female Urban Rural Estate Source : Provisional data based on 5 sample Census of Population and Housing 2012 Literacy Rate () Figure 2.05 : Literacy Rates of Population (Aged 10 Yrs. & over) by Sector, Urban Rural Estate Male Female Sector - Literacy rate of the population aged 10 Years & over, Female literacy is higher than the Male literacy for the age group 10 to 29 years. For the age group the literacy rate is static for male and female. But, from age group 35 and over male literacy rate is higher than the female. Table 2.07 : Literacy Rates of Population Aged 10 years & over by Age Group & Sex, 2012 Age Group (Yrs.) Total Male Female and above Source : Provisional data based on 5 sample Census of Population and Housing

34 Table 2.08 : Illiteracy Rates of Population Aged 10 years & over by District, 2012 District Illiteracy rate () Total Male Female Sri Lanka Colombo Gampaha Kalutara Kandy Matale Nuwara Eliya Galle Matara Hambantota Jaffna Mannar Vavuniya Mullaitivu Kilinochchi Batticaloa Ampara Trincomalee Kurunegala Puttalam Anuradhapura Polonnaruwa Badulla Moneragala Ratnapura Kegalle Source : Provisional data based on 5 sample Census of Population and Housing

35 Table 2.09 : Illiteracy Rates of Population aged 10 years & over by Sector & Sex, 2012 Sector Total Male Female Urban Rural Estate Source : Provisional data based on 5 sample Census of Population and Housing 2012 Table 2.10 : Illiteracy Rates of Population Aged 10 years & over by Age Group & Sex, 2012 Age Group (Yrs.) Total Male Female and above Source : Provisional data based on 5 sample Census of Population and Housing

36 Table 2.11 : Percentage distribution of Population (10 years of age and over) by Ability to Speak, Read and Write by Sex and Main Languages, 2012 Sinhala Language Total Male Female Ability to speak Ability to read and write Tamil Ability to speak Abiity to read and write English Ability to speak Ability to read and write Source : Provisional data based on 5 sample Census of Population and Housing The ability to read and write with understanding in Sinhala,Tamil and English language is marginally higher for men than women. Figure 2.06 : Ability to Speak by Language, 2012 Percentage) Sinhala Tamil English Language 26

37 Table 2.12 : Number of Functioning Schools by Gender, Type of school Number Total 9,662 9,410 9,685 9,731 9,905 Male Female Mixed 9,344 9,083 9,355 9,392 9,572 Note : 1. Government schools only 2. Estate schools are also included under government schools Source : Minisry of Education Table 2.13 : School Enrollment by Province, 2013 Province Total of Girls of Boys Western 945, Central 529, Southern 513, Northern 249, Eastern 388, North Western 485, School enrollment refers to enrollment in any regular educational institution Public or Private, for systematic institution at any level of education. North Central 270, Uva 279, Sabaragamuwa 374, Sri Lanka 4,037, Note : Government Schools only Source : School Census 2013 Ministry of Education 27

38 Table 2.14 : School Enrollment by Grade, 2013 Grade Total of Girls of Boys Girls / 100 boys Grade 1 351, , , Grade 2 349, , , Grade 3 341, , , Grade 4 337, , , Grade 5 334, , , Grade 6 330, , , Grade 7 329, , , Grade 8 315, , , Primary : Grade 1-5 Secondary : Grade 6-13 Special Education : For Disabled Students Grade 9 297, , , Grade , , , Grade , , , Grade 11 repeaters 24,723 12,248 12, Grade 12 Science 36,401 18,558 17, Grade 12 Arts 74,805 48,550 26, Grade 12 Commerce 37,143 18,540 18, Grade 12 Technology 7,006 2,846 4, Grade 13 Science 78,906 38,994 39, Grade 13 Arts 152,128 99,120 53, Grade 13 Commerce 92,052 44,191 47, Special Education 5,377 2,191 3, Total 4,037,001 2,035,286 2,001, Note : Government Schools only Source : School Census Ministry of Education - While more boys than girls are reported to be enrolled in primary classes, the contrary is true at secondary level. - Apparently, girls with disabilities are less likely to attend special education units, than boys with similar difficulties. 28

39 Table 2.15 : School Attendance of Children by District & Age Group, 2012 District Total Age Group (Yrs.) 6-11 yrs yrs yrs yrs. Colombo 375, ,454 87,302 53,714 39,432 Gampaha 384, ,172 91,126 54,886 35,728 Kalutara 222, ,310 50,584 30,135 21,131 Kandy 262, ,694 60,940 36,099 25,566 Matale 91,765 50,248 21,732 11,821 7,964 Nuwara Eliya 142,665 81,047 35,425 16,643 9,550 Galle 192,983 99,348 47,195 27,794 18,645 Matara 152,826 79,898 36,367 21,229 15,331 Hambantota 111,627 59,767 26,073 15,750 10,037 Jaffna 121,751 60,066 31,289 18,120 12,275 Kilinochchi 26,334 14,831 5,975 3,390 2,138 Mannar 25,125 11,608 8,260 4,093 3,679 Vavuniya 35,345 17,441 4,477 5,965 1,832 Mullaitivu 19,135 9,923 5,975 2,903 2,138 Batticaloa 115,819 62,766 30,153 14,733 8,167 Ampara 135,470 71,963 32,932 18,042 12,533 Trincomalee 83,527 44,248 20,775 11,519 6,986 Kurunegala 289, ,573 67,613 41,002 27,815 Puttalam 144,974 81,378 35,682 17,278 10,636 Anuradhapura 161,673 89,514 37,532 21,501 13,126 Polonnaruwa 72,788 40,794 17,564 8,876 5,554 Badulla 162,329 85,441 40,170 22,830 13,888 Moneragala 82,715 42,888 20,181 11,845 7,801 Ratnapura 188, ,246 43,988 26,209 17,127 Kegalle 149,448 79,945 35,833 20,155 13,515 Source : Provisional data based on 5 sample Census of Population and Housing

40 Table 2.16: Net Enrollment Rate in Primary Education by Gender, 2012 Gender Population under primary level Attending school Net enrollment rate () Male 1,043,728 1,010, Female 1,016, , Source : Provisional data based on 5 sample Census of Population and Housing The Net Enrollment Ratio is defined as the percentage of official primary/secondary school age children who are enrolled in primary /secondary school. Table 2.17 : Grade 5 Scholarship Examination Performance of Candidates Year Number Sat Male Female Above Cut Off Number Above Cut Off Number Sat Number ,582 15, ,066 17, Source : Research and Development Branch Department of Examinations - There is a marginal increase in performance by female students than male students. Children can move to better schools by obtaining higher scores in this scholarship exam. Table 2.18 : G.C.E. (O/L) Examination Performance of School Candidates Year Number Sat (5 or More Subjects) Male Female Qualified for Number Sat Qualified for G.C.E. (A/L) (5 or More G.C.E. (A/L) Number Subjects) Number ,184 79, , , Source : Research and Development Branch Department of Examinations - Girls significantly out performing boys in G.C.E. O/L Examination enabling more girls to be qualified for A/L studies. 30

41 Table 2.19 : G.C.E. (A/L) Examination Performance of School Candidates Stream Number Sat Male Female Total Eligible for University Entrance Male Female Total Number Number Number Bio Science 12,451 26,603 39,054 6, , , Physical Science 22,124 9,446 31,570 10, , , Commerce 34,653 31,388 66,041 16, , , Arts 32,832 70, ,853 16, , , Other 980 1,135 2, Total 103, , ,633 49, , , Source : Research and Development Branch Department of Examinations - When gaining eligibility to University entrance, Female Students make up of the total and this number for male students is This shows a tendency of male students getting in to labour market, other academic fields or Technical or Vocational Training courses after A/L class. Table 2.20 : Proportion of Pupils Starting Grade 1 who Reach Grade 5 by Province, 2013 Province Girls Boys Western Central Southern Northern Eastern North Western North Central Uva Sabaragamuwa Sri Lanka Note : Governmernt Schools only Source : School Census 2013 Ministry of Education 31

42 Table 2.21 : Dropout Rate by Grade, Sex and Medium of Instruction, 2013 Grade Sinhala Medium Tamil Girls Boys Girls Boys n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a - not available Note : Dropout Rate can t be calculated for Grade 10 Government Schools Only Source : School Census 2013 Ministry of Education School Dropouts Students who have ceased to attend school after informing the authorities or not attended school for over four months continuously without any notice. Dropout rate Number of dropouts in a particular grade/level as a ratio to the total school enrollment in that grade/ level. Table 2.22: Repetition Rate by Grade, Sex and Medium of Instruction, 2013 Medium Grade Sinhala Tamil Girls Boys Girls Boys Repetition Rate Proportion of pupils from a cohort enrolled in a given grade at a given school year who study in the same grade in the following school year. Note : Government Schools only Source : School Census 2013 Ministry of Education - Repetition Rates are relatively higher in the Tamil medium than the Sinhala medium in respect of both boys and girls. 32

43 Table 2.23 : Number of Undergraduate Entrants by University and Sex, 2010/11 and 2011/ /11 Name of the University of Students Total of University of Colombo 735 1,467 2, University of Peradeniya 1,212 1,504 2, University of Sri Jayawardanapura 978 1,679 2, University of Kelaniya 753 1,530 2, University of Moratuwa , University of Jaffna 577 1,004 1, University of Ruhuna 887 1,121 2, Eastern University , South Eastern University Rajarata University , Sabaragamuwa University , Vayamba University Visual and Performing Arts Swami Vipulananda Institute of Aestetic Studies Institute of Indigenous Medicine Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurweda Institute University of Colombo School of Computing Uva University Total 8,656 12,905 21, Contd. 33

44 Table 2.23 (Contd.) : Number of Undergraduate Entrants by University and Sex, 2010/11 and 2011/12 Name of the University 2011/12 of Students Total of University of Colombo 868 1,901 2, University of Peradeniya 1,406 1,966 3, University of Sri Jayawardanapura 1,243 2,137 3, University of Kelaniya 865 2,023 2, University of Moratuwa 1, , University of Jaffna 983 1,643 2, University of Ruhuna 1,002 1,581 2, Eastern University 616 1,095 1, South Eastern University 558 1,022 1, Rajarata University 594 1,179 1, Sabaragamuwa University , Vayamba University , Visual and Performing Arts Swami Vipulananda Institute of Aestetic Studies Institute of Indigenous Medicine Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurweda Institute University of Colombo School of Computing Uva University Total 10,934 17,974 28, Source : Management Information Systems Division University Grants Commission 34