( Sekigushi, 1988) 11 ( Merostomata ) ( Xiphosurida ) ( Tachypleidae)

Transcription

1 48 (1) :93 99, 2002 A cta Zoologica S inica 3 ( ) ) (, (, ), ( ),,,,,,,, cm, 12 16,,,,, ( Arthropoda ) (Sekigushi, 1988) 11 ( Merostomata ) ( Xiphosurida ),, ( Tachypleidae),, Van der Hoeven (1838), ; Waterman (1958) 2 3,,, (Limulinae Leach 1819 ), ( L i m ul us M ller, 1785 ), ( L i m ul us polyphem us Linnaeus, 1758),, N ; ( Tachypleinae Pocock, 1902),, ( Tachy pleus Leach, 1819 ) : ( ) , ( Tachypleus t ridentat us Leach, 1819) ( Tachypleus gigas M ller, 1785 ), ( Carcinoscorpius Pocock, 1902 ),, ; ( Carci noscorpi us rot undicauda Lat reille, 1802 ) (Sekigushi, 1988 ;, 1998) (, 1992 ;,, Hong et al., 2000 ) (, 1995) (, 2000) (, 2001) 1 ( 1,,,, ) 4 ( Sekigushi, 1988) (, 1997),, 20 ; 4 10 cm 17 18, 13 14, cm (, 1988) , 1 15, 7 29 ; mm, 112 ( 4, 11 ), (No ) 863 (No ),, 34,, : E2mail : net

2 4 9 48, 20 ; 10 cm ( 12, ),, (9 ),,, 6 2 2, ( ) ( ) cm, ( ) 7 10 cm,, cm (10) ( 3, ;,,, ), 8, cm (10), 10 cm ( 9130, cm (10), ; cm ) cm,,,,, ( ),, ( 10, cm),,,, 3,,, ;, (: 7),, ( ( ) : 3),, ( : 6) 6,,,,, (: 1, 6), (10) ], 3, ( [ mm (10) ], 10 cm ),, [ mm (10) ],, 20 cm,, [ mm (10) ],,,, [ mm (10),, (: 1, 4 ] 6), 5,, (: 2, 3), 8 ( 1 6,, 7 8 ( ),,, 1 1, (, ) ( ),, ,, 113 cm,, 1 10,, ;,, 1 2 [ mm ;,,,

3 1 : ( ) 1 ( ) ( cm) Table 1 Measurements of juveniles of sallow horseshoe crab ( Tachypleus tridentatus) ( Length was measured in cm) 95 Characters Data (No. of specimen) (Body weight) (g) ( ) (Length of median of prosomatic carapace and opisthosomatic carapace) (Length of median line of body) ( ) ( Length of median of prosomatic carapace) ( Maximum width of prosomatic carapace) (Distance between both median eyes) (Ratio of distance between both median eyes to maximum width of prosomatic carapace) ( Distance between both compound eyes) (Long diameter in compound eye ) (Ratio of long diameter in compound eye to length of median of prosomatic carapace) (Length of median line of opisthosomatic carapace) (Distance between apices of both auriculate processes) (Distance between apices of both first marginal processes) (Length of first marginal spine) ( Length of second marginal spine) (Length of third marginal spine) ( Length of fourth marginal spine) (Length of fifth marginal spine) (Length of sixth marginal spine) (Length of telson) (Maximum width of telson) (Coloration of prosomatic carapace and opisthosomatic carapace) (Sallow) (Sallow) (Sallow) (Sallow) (Sallow) (Brown) (Black) (Black) (Numbers of stages of juveniles of Tachypleus t ridentat us) n =

4 ( Sekiguchi, 1988) Table 2 Comparisons of taxonomic characters of different species in sallow horseshoe crabs ( Tachypleus tridentatus) Characters J uveniles of Tachypleus Tachypleus tridentatus t ridentat us Tachypleus gigas Carci noscorpi us L i m ul us polyphem us rot undicauda (Cross2section of the telson) (Operculum) (Scattered spinerets on dorsum of the opisthosomatic carapace) ( Immovable spines on mid2dorsal part of posterior margin) ( Thornlike spines on dorsal of telson) (Ventral ridges spine of telson) 4 6 ( The fourth to sixth ones marginal spine of female) ( Triangular) ( Triangular) ( Triangular) (Subtriangular with round edges) ( Triangular) ( The median lobes ( The median lobes ( The median lobes ( The median lobes ( The median lobes whose lobes whose lobes whose lobes whose lobes whose apices do not apices do not apices do not apices reach apices extend reach the apices reach the apices reach the apices the apices beyond apices of lateral lobes) of lateral lobes) of lateral lobes) of lateral lobes) of lateral lobes) (Absent) ( Present) (Absent) ( Present) (Absent) ( Present) ( Present) ( Present) (Absent) ( Present) ( Present) ( Present) (Absent) (Absent) ( Present) (Uniformly long) (Degenerate) (Degenerate) (Degenerate) (Uniformly long) ( The coloration in living body) ( The immovable spines on carapaces) ( Yellowish brown) ( Greenish gray) ( Greenish gray) (Dark green to greenish brown) ( Greenish brown to blackish brown) (Large and long) (Small and short) (Small and short) (Small and short) (Small and short) (Bodysize) (Small2size) (Large2size) (Middle2size) (Small2size) (Large2size),, : ( 10 cm ), m ( ) m, ( ) ( ) 1 10 cm ; 10 cm,, ( m),, Sekigushi (: 7) (1988) 10 cm,, m 3, 10 cm 311 ( ),, m,, ( ),,,,,,, 2 2,

5 1 : ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 10 cm,,,,,,,,, 312,,,,,,,,,,,,,! ( References) Hong, S. G., Q. Huang and Z. M. Ni 2000 Ultrastructural observations on haemocytopoiesis in adult Horseshoe crab ( Tachypleus t ri dentat us). Acta Zool. Si n. 46 (1) : 1 7. Hong, S. G, T. Sun, Z. M. Ni and R. Xue 1995 Studies on spermatogenesis in Tachypleus t ri dentat us :. The stages of spermatogenesis. Acta Zool. Si n. 41 (4) : [,,, 1995 :.. 41 (4) : ] Liang, P., T. K. Cheng, Y. Q. Wu, W. L. Chen and W. H. Wu 1992 A preliminary electron microscopic observation of hemocytopoiesis in the embryo of Horseshoe crab, Tachypleus t ri dentat us. Acta Zool. Si n. 38 (4) : (4) : ] [,,,, Liao, Y. Y., F. L. Ye and S. G. Hong 1998 Valuable marine medicinal animal, horseshoe crab. Chi nese Journal of Mari ne Drugs 17 (4) : [,, 1998,. 17 (4) : ] Liao, Y. Y and S. G. Hong 1997 Artificial insemination and artificial incubation of Tachyoleus t ri dentat us. Journal of Zhanjiang Ocean U niversity 17 (2) : (2) : ] [, 1997 ( Tachypleus t ri dentat us). Liao, Y. Y., S. G. Hong and X. M. Li 2001 A survey on the Houseshoe crabs in the north of the South China Sea. Acta Zool. Si n. 47 (1) : [,, (1) : ] Liao, Y. Y. and X. M. Li 2000 Study on the toxicity of horseshoe crabs on mice. Journal of Hygiene Research 29 (3) : [, (3) : ] Sekiguchi, K. ed Biology of horseshoe Crabs. Tokyo : Science House Co. Ltd., Van der Hoeven, J Recherches sur 1 Histoire Naturelle et 1 Anatomie des L i m ules. 7 pls. Leyde : Luchtmans, 48. Waterman, T. H On the doubtful validity of Tachypleus hoeveni Pocock, an Indonesian horseshoe crab (Xiphosura). Postilla 36 : Zhou, L. J. and G. Y. Liang 1988 The first report of investigation of toxicity of horseshoe crabs at the coast in Guangxi. Mari ne Medici ne (3) : 44, 40. [, (3) : 44, 40. ] 97

6 ( Abstract) MORP HOLOGY OF SALLOW HORSES HOE CRAB ( TAC H YPL EUS TRID EN TA TUS) L IAO Yong2Yan L I Xiao2Mei ( Fisheries College of Zhanjiang Ocean U niversity, Zhanjiang , Guangdong, China) HON G Shui2Gen ( L aboratory of Cell Biology, Xiamen U niversity, Xiamen , Fujian, Chi na) The North gulf and Leizhou gulf in the northern of the South China Sea is situated between E and N latitude with high temperature and a large quantity of rainfall, which belongs to oceanic climate of the torrid zone and subtropical zone. From August 1997 to August 1999, We studied the morphology of sallow horseshoe crab in the North gulf and Leizhou gulf. We found the juveniles of Tachypleus t ridentat us including zooids wit h different sizes f rom 10 cm widt h of prosoma to 25 cm. These juveniles of Tachy pleus t ridentat us were called sallow horseshoe crab in the west of Guangdong province, Hainan, and the North gulf regions because of t he sallow body colour. The morp hology was st udied in t he sallow horseshoe crab by observation and comparison with other horseshoe crab. We found that the body colour of sallow horseshoe crab was yellowish brown, and it s body size was small. It s middle leaves of reproductive operculum was not longer than lateral leaves. Its tail was triangular in shape, on which there was a row of little thorns. On the end of opist hosomatic carapace t here were t hree immovable spines. There were no little t horns under two lateral ridge of its tail and on the opisthowomatic carapace, and its opisthowomatic carapace immovable spines were much longer. We also found t hat t he back colour of body of Tachy pleus t ui dentat us was gradually changing f rom black to sallow to brown during post2embryonic development from the first instar stage to adult. When the width of prosoma of juveniles of Tachypleus t ridentat us was cm that is in the instar stages of post2 embryonic development, the colour of its body was sallow. All these suggested that sallow horseshoe crab was immat ure Tachy pleus t ri dentat us, not a new species or subspecies. The specimens were collected f rom Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, and were preserved in t he Museum of Aquatic Biology of Zhanjiang Ocean U niversity. Key words Sallow horseshoe crab ( Tachypleus t ridentat us), J uveniles, Morphology, Taxonomy 3 This work was supported by Guangdong Provincial National Science Fundation (No ) and Marine 863 Projects of China (No )

7 : ( ) L IAO Yong2Yan et al. : Morphology of sallow horseshoe crab ( Tachypleus t ridentat us) Plate 1. ( ) (Dorsal view of sallow horseshoe crab) 2. ( ) (Dorsal view of sallow horseshoe crab with spines on the back of opisthosomatic carapace) : ( The spines on the back of opisthosomatic carapace) 3. ( ) (L) ( ) (S) [ The comparison between sallow horseshoe crab with spines on the back of opisthosomatic carapace (L ) and without spines on the back of opisthosomatic carapaces (S) ] : ( The spines on the back of opisthosomatic carapace) 4. (A, ) (B, ) ( ) (C) ( The comparison of sizes and colours in Tachypleus t ridentatus, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and sallow horseshoe crab) 5. ( ) (Lateral view of sallow horseshoe crab) Is : ( Immovable spines) ims : 3 ( Three immovable spines on the end of opisthosomatic carapace) ss : ( Spines on the tail) 6. ( ) ( Rear view of sallow horseshoe crab) P : ( Opisthosoma) : (Marginal spine) ] :, (White hair on the two later ridges of tail) 7. ( ) ( Tachypleus t ridentatus and sallow horseshoe crab with different sizes) : ( The male of Tachypleus t ridentatus) : ( The female of Tachypleus t ridentatus) ( ) (Others are sallow horseshoe crab)