What are phytonutrients?

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1 Science Xanthones are beneficial organic compounds found naturally in certain plants and fruit. The antioxidant properties of the xanthone work in tandem with other vitamins and minerals found within the mangosteen fruit, including Catechins, Stilbene, Polysaccharides and Quinones. The detoxifying blend used on a daily basis contributes to healthy function of the body s immune, intestinal and respiratory systems among others.* At XANGO we want to help people feel better, be healthier, and live longer. Our industry leading products provide the vehicle for this vision to be fulfilled. Partnering with world-renowned researchers and scientists, XANGO products are the perfect convergence of traditional-use, natural botanicals, and modern science and technology. Using the most current research, we develop breakthrough products with new and innovative formulas. Our products are not only unique, but they deliver wellness results you can feel, measure, and want to tell your friends about. The premium standard of XANGO s wellness products is guaranteed. We re committed to excellence, integrity, and credibility as our XANGO science philosophy stems from a rigorous 3-leg approach to research: XANGO s first priority is always human safety. Our products undergo extensive testing with a zero-risk approach to ensure that we commit no harm to our bodies and our health. XANGO commits to develop products based on quality, long-term research validated through thirdparty, peer-reviewed and published studies. Basing our products on quality research means that our products do what we claim they do. We take pride in our positive reputation in the industry and as a company that can be trusted. XANGO uses valid testing methods on every production batch to ensure consistent levels and potency of the same ingredients and the same activities. No variance means quality, predictable results every time with a formula that is tried and proven. Originating in Southeast Asia, the whole mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana) has been revered for centuries for both its distinct flavor as well as its health promoting properties. Historically, the mangosteen was ingested or applied topically. This was commonly done by either grinding the rind down and applying it directly to the skin or steeping it in water and drinking the resulting mangosteen tea. The whole mangosteen fruit especially the pericarp or rind has been used traditionally to treat a variety of health conditions. Modern science is only now beginning to understand and explain why the rind of the mangosteen fruit has been so revered for centuries. In the late 1800 s, studies were conducted comparing the whole fruit to single compound extracts taken from the rind. Caius and Mhaskar reported that consumption of the whole fruit was more effective in supporting intestinal health than consumption of chemical extracts from the same rind 1. As the mangosteen grew in popularity worldwide, hundreds of studies were conducted to help understand all of the health benefits the fruit possesses. Ongoing research continues to find valuable properties of the mangosteen, and several active phytonutrients have already been identified in the fruit. While researchers are still working to demonstrate how these compounds work together synergistically, the phytonutrients found in the whole fruit are among the most studied, touted and beneficial in existence today. Among the many health benefits that the mangosteen possesses, the whole fruit has shown to have powerful antioxidant 2. Existing mangosteen research has been validated with thousands upon thousands of individual accounts throughout the world.

2 1. Caius J. (1986). The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of India. Jodhpur, India: Scientific Publishers. 2. Kondo, M., L. Zhang, et al. (2009). "Bioavailability and antioxidant effects of a xanthone-rich Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) product in humans." J Agric Food Chem 57(19): What are phytonutrients? Phytonutrients also known as phytochemicals are natural, bioactive compounds found in plants. Fruits and vegetables rich in phytonutrients include the mangosteen, papaya, spinach, along with others. Over 900 different phytonutrients have been isolated and identified while many remain undiscovered. Phytonutrients overlap and complement one another, boasting complete benefits that include antioxidant effects and immune system support. In short, specific phytonutrients found in fruits and vegetables work together with other nutrients to exert their health benefits. Phytonutrients in XANGO Juice XANGO Juice is made from the whole mangosteen, ensuring that all of the impressive and healthful phytonutrients found in the fruit can be delivered to the body. Several active phytonutrients have already been identified in the fruit, including: Xanthones These powerful compounds demonstrate numerous and valuable health properties and are the most abundant phytonutrient in the mangosteen. In fact, 50 different xanthones from the mangosteen rind have been isolated and identified 1. Catechins These compounds demonstrate antioxidant properties. The mangosteen rind has been shown to have the same level of catechins as found in green tea. Proanthocyanidins The same antioxidant benefit touted in grapeseed extract, proanthocyanidins are found in efficacious amounts in the whole mangosteen fruit Pedraza-Chaverri, J., N. Cardenas-Rodriguez, et al. (2008). "Medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana)." Food Chem Toxicol 46(10): Fu, C., A. E. Loo, et al. (2007). "Oligomeric proanthocyanidins from mangosteen pericarps." J Agric Food Chem 55(19): What are xanthones? Xanthones are a unique class of phytonutrients, possessing numerous bioactive capabilities such as antioxidant properties. Xanthones are some of the most abundant phytonutrients found in the mangosteen rind, and over 50 different xanthones from the mangosteen have already been identified and isolated 1. The most abundant xanthones found in the mangosteen rind are alpha-mangostin and gamma-mangostin. Chemical classification Xanthones belong to a restricted group of plant polyphenols. Polyphenols are a group of plant chemical substances characterized by the presence of more than one phenolic group. Polyphenols are responsible for the color of some plants and are considered strong antioxidants with potential health benefits. Xanthones are biosynthetically related to the flavonoids. The beneficial effects of plant-derived food are often attributed to flavonoid compounds, rather than known nutrients, as they show a wide range of biological effects including antioxidant. Over 5,000 naturally occurring flavonoids have been characterized from various plants. Chemically speaking, xanthones are composed of planar-six carbon molecules in a conjugated ring system, consisting of a backbone molecule with various chemical groups attached to it. The backbone consists of two benzene rings bridged through a carbonyl group and an oxygen molecule. Each ring is connected in a fused formation not allowing free rotation about the carbon-carbon bonds. This unique backbone, along with type and position of the attached chemical groups, defines specific functionalities (properties) of xanthones 2.

3 Bioavailability In order for xanthones from the mangosteen to have health benefits, they must first be digested from the food, absorbed in the intestine, and transported in the blood. Bumrungpert et al. found that the xanthones from mangosteen are absorbed and transported in an in vitro model of human intestinal cells. 3 In addition, others have found that consumption of mangosteen by healthy humans, increases xanthone and antioxidant levels in the blood, suggesting that xanthones found in mangosteen are bioavailable. 4,5 Xanthone Health Benefits Today, researchers are just beginning to uncover the powerful biological properties behind xanthones found in the mangosteen. Many health benefits, however, have already been discovered and include (but are not limited to): neutralizing free radicals* supporting a healthy immune system* supporting cartilage and joint function* promoting a healthy seasonal respiratory system* maintaining intestinal health* 1 Pedraza-Chaverri, J., N. Cardenas-Rodriguez, et al. (2008). "Medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana)." Food Chem Toxicol 46(10): Bennett G., H. Lee. (1989). Xanthones from Guttiferae. Phytochemistry 28: Bumrungpert, A., R. W. Kalpravidh, et al. (2009). "Bioaccessibility, biotransformation, and transport of alpha-mangostin from Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen) using simulated digestion and Caco-2 human intestinal cells." Mol Nutr Food Res 53 Suppl 1: S Chitchumroonchokchai, C., K. M. Riedl, et al. (2012). "Xanthones in mangosteen juice are absorbed and partially conjugated by healthy adults." 142(4): Kondo, M., L. Zhang, et al. (2009). "Bioavailability and antioxidant effects of a xanthone-rich Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) product in humans." J Agric Food Chem 57(19): The mangosteen was first used hundreds of years ago to manage intestinal issues and topically to treat skin conditions. Today, a large body of scientific literature exists demonstrating many other potential health benefits that the mangosteen and its components possess. Neutralizes free radicals* The whole mangosteen fruit contains powerful antioxidants compounds that inhibit oxidation or reactions promoted by oxygen and peroxides. Antioxidants are known for their ability to protect the body from the deteriorating effects of free radicals. A constant in our food, air and environment, free radicals invade our bodies every day. Free radicals (or compounds that seek an electron in order to become atomically balanced) attack our cells, stealing electrons from any substance they come in contact with. By removing electrons from healthy compounds, free radicals inflict damage often known as oxidation. The good news? Antioxidants, like the phytonutrients found in mangosteen, decrease free radical damage by donating the needed electrons and balancing the substance, reducing the harmful effects of free radicals. Supports a healthy immune system* Part of staying healthy is keeping your immune system working properly. Research demonstrates that consumption of mangosteen supports a healthy immune system 5 *. Including XANGO Juice as a part of a healthy lifestyle can keep your immune system strong and keep you feeling your best. *

4 Other Health Benefits Supports a healthy cardiovascular system* Helps support cartilage and joint function* Promotes a healthy seasonal respiratory system* Maintains intestinal health* XANGO Juice s Effect on CRP Levels Study Overview A double-blind placebo-controlled human clinical to evaluate the ability of XANGO Juice to reduce CRP levels in overweight persons.* CRP stands for C-reactive protein, which is one of the indicators of cardiovascular health. Researchers Jay Udani, M.D., C.P.I., is the founder, CEO, and Medical Director of Medicus Research. Dr. Udani is a Boardcertified Internist who has served as the Chief Resident at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. Dr. Udani also completed two fellowships in Health-Services Research and Integrative Medicine at Cedars- Sinai/UCLA. A double-blind placebo-controlled human clinical to evaluate the ability of XANGO Juice to reduce CRP levels in overweight persons.* CRP stands for C-reactive protein, which is one of the indicators of cardiovascular health. Dr. Udani boasts an impressive resume and is a recipient of many prestigious awards: Named the 2008 Natural Products Association Clinician of the Year He is a Key Opinion Leader in the field of Integrative Medicine One of the first physicians to become a Certified Principal Investigator (CPI) through the APPI/ACRP Designed and performed over 60 clinical trials and published over 40 articles and textbook chapters Received the AMA National Achievement Award Completed the Harvard Medical School Pinkney Fellowship in Orthopaedic Research Voted Best Physician Specialist and Best Medical Speaker in Los Angeles by the Daily News Methods The study was an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a 2-week washout period for subjects who were currently taking anti-inflammatory or antioxidant products. Participants received 6, 12, or 18 oz. of XANGO Juice or placebo juice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of multiple dosages of XANGO Juice compared with placebo in the improvement of CRP and antioxidant levels in obese patients with a confirmed history of inflammation.

5 Results XANGO Juice was shown to reduce CRP levels and to improve weight and body fat in an overweight population. These results suggest that XANGO Juice may help maintain cardiovascular health.* XANGO Juice demonstrated an ability to reduce CRP levels at all 3 dosages while the placebo group actually experienced a small increase in CRP levels. CRP decreased in all 3 dosages vs. placebo over the 8 week study with the 9 oz. XANGO Juice group being statistically significant when compared to placebo. The XANGO Juice product was shown to be safe at all dosages tested. There were no adverse events (clinical, laboratory, or vital sign) attributed to the product during the course of the study. Udani, J.K., et al. (2009). Evaluation of Mangosteen juice blend on biomarkers of inflammation in obese subjects: a pilot, dose finding study. Nutr J. 8:48.