Introduction to LED Lighting. September 29, 2011

Transcription

1 Introduction to LED Lighting September 29, 2011

2 Meet Your Panelists Angela Plusquellic Mark Farrell Mike Carter 2

3 Agenda for Today s Webinar Lighting Fundamentals How It Works Lighting Comparison Specific Applications Best Applications LED Checklist Questions and Wrap Up 3

4 Lighting Webinar Benefits Helps you understand the bottomline cost savings before you embark on a new project. Gives you knowledge of terms and pros/cons before starting a project. Provides awareness of energy efficiency opportunities. 4

5 Average Electric Usage Large Office Buildings 5

6 Average Electric Usage Small Office Buildings 6

7 Average Electric Usage Lodging 7

8 Average Electric Usage Grocery/C-Stores 8

9 PNM Business Energy Efficiency Program Incentives for energy-saving lighting is part of the following PNM commercial programs: Retrofit Rebates New Construction Rebates QuickSaver 9

10 Retrofit Rebates Option #1: Pre-set menu with rebates on per unit installed basis Lighting Grocery Refrigeration HVAC VSDs and motors Option #2: Custom option - rebates on equipment not included on the pre-set menu. Rebates calculated using $0.06 per estimated first-year kwh saved. 10

11 New Construction Rebates Option #1 Pre set menu Lighting Lighting Power Density above code usage HVAC VSDs and motors Option #2 Custom Option Rebates for projects more energy efficient than current building code (ASHRAE ). Facilities that are 10% more efficient than code receive $0.08 per estimated first-year kilowatt hours saved. Facilities that are 20% more efficient than code receive $0.10 per estimated first-year kilowatt hours saved. Enhanced commissioning incentives are also available at $0.03/ft 2. 11

12 PNM QuickSaver Small Business Rebates Small Power customers eligible General Power customers whose demand is less than 100 kw are eligible Lighting Grocery Refrigeration Turn-key program: Contractors Conduct energy assessment Produce detailed proposal with all financials Install products and handle all paperwork Provides labor and equipment warranties PNM Conducts pre- and post- inspections Pays rebates directly to contractor Typical Payback is 1 year or less Average lighting project 65% paid for by rebate 12

13 LED Lighting Rebates Interior LED lamp (screw-in or bi-pin) replacing an incandescent, halogen or HID up to 100 watts $8/lamp LED recessed fixture - $10/fixture Exterior or Garage LED replacing HID - $40-$60/fixture Bi-level parking lot or wallpack fixture - $60/fixture All other $0.06/kWh Must pass Total Resource Cost Test and Meet LED Lighting Specifications 13

14 LED Lighting Specifications Option A: Must appear on one of the following qualified product lists Design Lights Consortium (DLC) Energy Star Option B: Provide documentation that shows product meets DLC minimum criteria Manufacturer s product information sheet LED fixture specification sheet Justification for product lifetime estimates Complete IESNA LM79-08 test reports Lumen maintenance report 14

15 Energy Efficiency Basics Things you may see on your bill: Kilowatt (kw) is a measure of power (demand). Kilowatt-hour (kwh) is a measure of energy consumption. 15

16 Lighting Fundamentals Lumens a measure of the perceived power of light. Constant output regardless of distance from source Foot-candle one lumen of light distributed over a square foot area. Depends on the distance from the light source Does not hold for focused fixtures like flood lamps Can be measured using a light meter 16

17 Color Rendering Index (CRI) Color Rendering Index (CRI) is a Measure of the light quality of a light source as compared with sunlight. The closer a light-source's CRI is to 100, the better its ability to show true colors. The higher the number, the more likely the light source will render object colors well. LED Poor Fair Good Excellent 17

18 Fundamentals of Light Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) is a measure of warmth or coolness of the color of an artificial light source. It is expressed in Kelvin. Low CCT Orange/Yellowish Warm WHITE LED K High CCT Bluish Cool 18

19 Lighting Fundamentals White light is a mix of many different colors across the visible lighting spectrum. Source: EERE 19

20 How It Works Two types of LEDs Low power About 0.1 watt High power Around 1 watt Source: Philips LumiLEDs TM 20

21 Lighting Comparison Heat loss in LEDs is through conduction, not radiation Heat is the enemy of performance for LEDs Tested at 25 C (77 F) ambient but operated at 60 C (140 F) junction temperature Typically 110 F maximum ambient temperature Enhanced by cold temperatures Excessive heat and cold diminish fluorescent performance 90% heat; 10% light 20% heat; 80% light 20% heat; 80% light Source: ENERGY STAR 21

22 Lighting Comparison Electrical current driver circuit instead of ballast LED efficacy (lpw) decreases with higher CRI or lower CCT (warm shift) 2,700 K 3,500 K 4,000 K 5,000 K 70+ CRI 0.93 Baseline CRI Frequent switching does not affect rated life for LEDs as it does for fluorescents Directional nature of LED results in very high luminaire efficacy Source: Prescolite D6LED Specifications 22

23 Lighting Comparison Very compact and low-profile Nothing to break No abrupt failure mode Instant on (no warm-up time required) Does generate harmonics, but no reported problems Some built-in surge and noise protection ENERGY STAR qualified LED lights consume 75% less energy than conventional incandescent lights Source: EERE 23

24 Current Current Lighting Comparison Dimming Bulbs and Lamps Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCR) Solid State LEDs Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) Constant Current Reduction (CCR) Rated Current Rated Current Time Time 24

25 Lighting Comparison Dimming Problems Pop-on Drop-out Dead-travel Audible noise Shimmer 25

26 Lighting Comparison Comparison with traditional lighting Type Rated Life, hours Lumens per Watt CRI Lumen Maintenance LED 50, %* Fluorescent 10,000-20, % Incandescent 750-1, % *At 40% fluorescent rated life; 70% to 90% at 50,000 hours DOE Commercially Available LED Product Evaluation and Reporting (CALiPER) program benchmarks LED products 26

27 Incandescent A-Lamp Replacement CALiPER tested a 60 watt incandescent A-lamp against two LED A-lamps LEDs efficacy competitive with higher wattage CFLs LEDs $25 to $50 each Type Watts Lumens LPW CCT (K) CRI A-lamp CFL LED A-lamp Source: Round 11, CALiPER 27

28 Incandescent A-Lamp Replacement Brand Name Wattage Lumens CCT Life (Hrs) LEDzworld Professional LED Bulb CTA 6.5W K 35,000 GE Energy Smart LED 9W K 25,000 Philips AmbientLED 12.5W K 25,000 Sylvania LED A-Line 12W K 25,000 Switch W 1,700 4,200K 20,000 Source: Switch Bulb Co. Source: GE Lighting Source: LEDzworld 28

29 MR16 Reflector Lamp Replacement CALiPER tested two different MR16 LED products Best now matches lumen output of halogen lighting Compatibility with low-voltage transformers can be an issue LED cost is $15 to $20 compared to halogen cost of $4 to $6 Type Watts Lumens LPW CCT (K) CRI PF LED (Old) LED (New) >0.70 Halogen (16) Halogen (2) Source: Round 11, CALiPER Source: NIST 29

30 Recessed Downlights Competition from reflector-rated CFLs from 15 to 26 watts that deliver 720 to 1,300 lumens Directional nature of LEDs is an advantage Removing heat from the can is a real challenge for R-CFLs and LEDs Cree LED Lighting LR6 6" LED Recessed Downlight at 12 watts and 650 lumens costs around $100 Source: EERE 30

31 Recessed Downlights LED performance generally matches R-CFLs 65W BR-30 Flood* 15W R-30 CFL LED* Luminaire light output, initial (lumens) Luminaire wattage (W) Luminaire efficacy (lm/w) CCT (Kelvin) 2,700 K 2,700 K 2,700 K CRI Center beam candlepower (candela) 510 cd 200 cd 280 cd Beam angle (degrees) Average luminance at 45 (cd/sq meter) 27,267 17,500 16,439 Dimmable Y N Y *Data Source: EERE 31

32 Directional PAR Lamps CALiPER tested seven different directional LED PAR and AR products Much better than halogen bulbs Not quite competitive with CMH Type Watts Lumens LPW CCT (K) CRI LED PAR , LED PAR , CMH PAR , , HIR PAR , , Source: Round 11, CALiPER 32

33 High-Bay Lighting CALiPER tested two different High-Bay LED products Efficacy still lags fluorescent Narrow light beam pattern Life claims are suspect Type Watts Lumens LPW CCT (K) CRI F32T8(4) , , Pulse CMH 150 9, , LED 111 7, , Source: Round 11, CALiPER 33

34 Exit Signs Annual cost of ownership for LED exit signs is much less than for fluorescent exit signs Incandescent Fluorescent LED Sources: Stock Exchange and DOE Wattage Rated Life, yrs Initial Cost Annual Energy Cost Annual Maintenance Cost Total Annual Ownership Costs Incandescent $6 $25 $10 $47 Fluorescent $22 $7 $5 $30 LED $22 $3 0 $6 34

35 Street Lighting Lumen maintenance higher for LEDs versus HID lighting Color rendering/uniformity for LEDs are better than HPS Minimum illuminance levels equal to HPS (perceived as better) LEDs are Dark Skies compliant Simple payback of 6 to 10 years minimum Capital cost of $850 for LED versus $250 for HPS or CMH cobra head Energy savings of 30% to 50% LED (left) vs HPS (right) Source: Beta Lighting & EERE Data Source: EERE 35

36 Street Lighting LED performance matches HPS and CMH 150W HPS 150W CMH LED Luminaire (system) watts 183W 167W 153W CCT 2,000 K 3,000 K 6,000 K CRI Rated lamps lumens, initial 16,000 11,900 10,200 Downward luminaire efficiency 70% 81% 100% Downward luminaire lumens, initial Luminaire efficacy (lumens per watt) 11,200 9,639 10, lpw 58 lpw 67 lpw Data Source: EERE 36

37 Street Lighting Before (HPS) Type (tested) Source: Progress Energy After (LED) Watts Lumens LPW CCT (K) CRI LED 44 3, , HPS 117 6, , Induction 67 3, , Source: Round 11, CALiPER 37

38 Parking Garage Lighting Before (HPS) Source: Progress Energy After (LED) Type Watts Lumens LPW CCT (K) CRI LED 86 6, , HPS , ,

39 ENERGY STAR LED Criteria Omnidirectional Decorative Directional CRI Power Factor (>5W) Efficacy (lpw) <10W 50 lpw 40 lpw 40 lpw ( 20/8 Ø) 10W 55 lpw 40 lpw 45 lpw (<20/8 Ø) Lumens (min.) at replacement wattages Lumen 25,000 hours 10W W W W 1, ,000 70% 70% 70% 39

40 Best LED Applications LED Payback Period by End-Market, Application (Years) Application Incandescent Halogen CFL LF MH Office Low Intensity Directional Lighting (<500 Lumens) Office High Intensity Directional Lighting (>500 Lumens) Office Omnidirectional Lighting Retail Low Intensity Directional Lighting (<500 Lumens) Retail High Intensity Directional Lighting (>500 Lumens) Source: Cleantech Approach, Solid State Lighting: Benchmark Report 40

41 Best LED Applications Exit signs Undercabinet lighting In-cabinet accent lighting Adjustable task lighting Refrigerated case lighting Outdoor area lighting Elevator lighting Recessed downlights Art display lighting Accent lights Step and path lighting Cove lighting Spaces with occupancy sensors Food and preparation areas Retail display cases Source: EERE 41

42 LED Checklist To what quality standards has the product been tested? UL 8750 Safety Standard for LED Equipment for Use in Lighting Products IESNA LM Electrical and Photometric Measurements of SSL Products IESNA LM-80-08: Testing Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources What quality accreditations apply? ENERGY STAR Lighting Facts Label Next Generation Luminaires Whose LED chips are used in the luminaire? Nichia, Samsung, OSRAM Opto, Philips Lumileds, Seol, Cree, LG Inotek, and Sharp 42

43 LED Checklist What color characteristics are specified? Color Rendering Index (CRI) Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) What efficacy is specified? What is included in the product warranty? Maximum number of diode failures Acceptable color change Power supply requirements Dimmer use/type Maximum LEDs per circuit 43

44 LED Checklist What is the acceptable lumen output and depreciation? Consider the directional nature of LED luminaires IESNA LM-80-08: Testing Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources What Light Loss Factor (LLF) should be applied? Optical losses Ambient temperature Diode failures Lumen depreciation Dirt depreciation Source: Ledzworld What dimming characteristics are required? What impact will LED in-rush have on your lighting system? 44

45 DOE Building Technologies Program Solid State Lighting CALiPER Program Outdoor Lighting Resources Lighting Facts Program EPA ENERGY STAR Commercial LED Lighting Illuminating Engineering Society IESNA LM-79-08

46 Questions? PNM Business Energy Efficiency Program PNM.com/powersource to sign up for newsletters and online tools