VoIP Playout Buffer Adjustment using Adaptive Estimation of Network Delays
|
|
- Hilary Blair
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 VoIP Playout Buffer Adjustment usng Adaptve Estmaton of Network Delays Mroslaw Narbutt and Lam Murphy* Department of Computer Scence Unversty College Dubln, Belfeld, Dubln, IRELAND Abstract The poor qualty of Voce over IP can be mproved by adaptve playout bufferng at the recever. Ths technque dynamcally adapts the playout deadlne to network condtons, thus mnmzng both late packet loss and bufferng tme. A standard playout buffer strategy uses an estmate (Exponentally Weghted Movng Average) of the mean and varance of network delay to set the playout deadlne. Ths estmaton s characterzed by a fxed, constant weghtng factor. We show that tunng of ths parameter so that the strategy works very well for all network condtons s not feasble. Therefore we propose to extend ths standard buffer strategy by replacng the fxed, constant weghtng factor wth a dynamc one. In our soluton, the weghtng factor s dynamcally adjusted accordng to the observed delay varatons. When these varatons are hgh (whch mples that the network condtons are changng), the parameter s set low, and vce-versa. Ths allows rapd adaptaton to network varatons and reduces the frequency of late packets (or bufferng tme). Smulatons and expermental results show that wth our strategy, the trade-off between bufferng delay and late packet loss at the recever s mproved sgnfcantly. 1. INTRODUCTION A typcal VoIP applcaton buffers ncomng packets and delays ther playout n order to compensate for varable network delays (jtter). Ths allows the slowest packets to arrve n tme to be played out. The fluctuatng end-to-end network delays may cause playout tmes to ncrease to a level, whch s rrtatng to users (when the buffer s too bg) or may cause packet losses due to ther late arrvals (when the buffer s too small). The two conflctng goals of mnmzng bufferng tme and mnmzng late packet loss have engendered varous playout algorthms. The need for adaptve bufferng comes when the end-to-end delay s hgh (close or above the nteractvty constrant of 1-15ms) and when the delay s unknown and the recever does not know how to select approprate playout tmes [1]. Adaptve playout mechansm makes t possble to balance the length of the buffer a major addton to end-toend delay wth the possblty of packet loss. Generally, a good playout algorthm should be able to acheve the best possble trade-off between loss and delay. In ths paper we present a new playout buffer algorthm that sgnfcantly mproves ths trade-off. * mreknarbutt@yahoo.com, lam.murphy@ucd.e
2 In secton two the motvaton of our work s demonstrated and basc dea of the new proposed algorthm s outlned. In secton three the new algorthm s descrbed and potental mprovements are outlned. Later ts effectveness s evaluated through smulatons wth the use of network emulator (secton four) and through experments on a real network (secton fve). In secton sx effects of the new bufferng scheme on the subjectve qualty s addressed. Fnally, n secton seven conclusons are drawn.. MOTIVATION Most of the adaptve playout algorthms descrbed n the lterature perform contnuous estmaton of the network delay and ts varaton to dynamcally adjust the talkspurt playout tme. Standard adaptve playout algorthm [] s based on Jacobson s work on TCP roundtrp tme estmaton [3]. The algorthm estmates two statstcs: the delay tself, and ts varance and uses them to calculate the playout tme. Both estmated are n the form of: d = d 1 + (1 α v α ) n ; = α v + (1 α) d n ; 1 where d and v and are the -th estmates of delay and ts varance respectvely, whle n s the -th packet delay. Parameter α has a crtcal mpact on the rate of convergence of ths estmaton. Followng the clam made n [], and n accordance wth NeVot [], the weghtng factor α s fxed and chosen to be hgh (α =.99) to lmt senstvty of the estmaton to short-term packet jtter. By experments wth dfferent values of α we observed that such hgh value of α s good only n stuatons when network condtons are stable (delay and jtter are constant). When network condtons are changng rapdly (sudden ncreases/decreases n delay) smaller values of α (.7,.,.9) were more approprate. Fgure1 llustrates that as a decreases, calculated playout tmes (sold lnes) track varatons of network delays (dots) more effcently. As a result less packets arrve too late (from 3.5% down to 1%) and the average bufferng tme s smaller (from 7.ms to 7.ms). Fg. 1 Calculated playout tmes for two dfferent α
3 Unfortunately, a sngle tunng of the parameter α that works well for all network condtons s not easy (or not even a feasble) problem to solve. Fgures and 3 show that there s no optmal fxed value of α when network condton vary n tme. Fg., 3. Calculated playout tmes for varous values of α When jtter s small and fluctuatons n the end-to-end delays are large (Fg. ), the best results are acheved when α s small. In ths case both the packet loss rato and average bufferng tme are relatvely small (3.7% of lost packets and 3ms of bufferng tme). When α s set to.99, the packet loss rato s hgh (11.7%), and the bufferng tme s much larger than necessary (3.ms). On the other hand, when jtter s large but average network delay s constant (Fg. 3), the best results are acheved when α =.99. In ths case, the packet loss rato s below 1%. When α s small, the algorthm s too senstve to short-term delay jtter and ths causes larger late packet loss (.7%). Snce there s no optmal fxed value of α that works well for all network condtons we clam that the accuracy of the estmates can be greatly mproved by dynamcally choosng the values of α. 3. PLAYOUT BUFFER ALGORITHM WITH ADAPTIVE a The dea behnd our algorthm s to adaptvely adjust the value of α dependng on the varaton n the network delays (α s set hgh when end-to-end varatons are small and vceversa). Ths new, dynamc parameter α (recomputed wth each ncomng packet) can be used to perform contnuous estmaton of the network delay and ts varaton n the same way lke before. Let α be a dynamc parameter based on new estmates of the varance v ˆ of the end-to-end delays between source and destnaton: α = f vˆ ), (
4 where the functon f ( vˆ ) was chosen expermentally to maxmze the performance of our algorthm over a large set of network traces. The dynamc verson of parameter α s now used to mantan adaptve estmatons of average delay and ts varaton: d v = α = α d v 1 + (1 α + (1 α ) n ) d n 1 Fnally the playout tme p at whch the the -th packet, assumed to be the frst packet n a talkspurt played at the destnaton s calculated as follow: p = t + d + β v Parameter ß controls delay/packet loss rato. The larger the coeffcent, the more packets are played out at the expense of longer delays. Any subsequent packets of that talkspurt are played out wth rate equal to the generaton rate at the sender - that s, p j = p + t j t SENDER t t j sendng tme RECEIVER recepton tme SPEAKER n p p j playout tme network delay bufferng delay playout delay Fg.. Playout tme etmaton. Ths mechansm uses the same playout delay throughout a gven talkspurt but permts dfferent playout delays for dfferent talkspurts. The varaton of the playout delay ntroduces artfcally elongated or reduced slence perods between successve talkspurts.
5 . BUFFERING PERFORMANCE TESTS THROUGH NETWORK EMULATIONS We have tested the performance of the new algorthm through network emulatons. For the test we have chosen NISTNET.1. network emulaton software [5] and we modeled varous delay patterns (Fg. 5,, 7, ) usng ts default Pareto dstrbuton. Fg. 5. Frst delay pattern - delay and jtter are constant (delay = 1ms, jtter = 5 ms). Fg.. Second delay pattern - delay constant and jtter vares n tme (delay = 1ms, jtter jumps between, 1,, 3,, 5 ms every mnute). Fg. 7. Thrd delay pattern - delay vares n tme, jtter s constant (delay jumps between 1, 15 and ms every mnute, jtter = 3ms). Fg.. Fourth delay pattern - delay and jtter vary n tme (delay jumps between 5, 1 and 15ms, jtter jumps betwen, 1,, 3,, 5 ms every 1 seconds). Durng experments we used two voce sources (wth and wthout hangover tme). Regardng ITU-T recommendaton P.59 [], human speech was modeled as a process that alternates between talkbursts and slence perods that follow exponental dstrbutons (Fg. 9,1) wth a mean of 7 and 59ms, wthout hangover tme or 1 and 157ms wth hangover tme respectvely. In our model voce packets were generated every 3ms. No packets were generated durng slence perods. Total duraton of each smulaton was 1 hour.
6 # talkbursts # gaps 1 5 TALKBURSTS AND GAPS w/o HANGOVER TIME TALKBURSTS DISTRIBUTION : MEAN TALKBURST = 7 ms MIN TALKBURST = 33 ms MAX TALKBURST = 17 ms TOTAL TALK TIME = 11 s duraton [ms] 1 5 GAPS DISTRIBUTION : MEAN GAP = 59 ms MIN GAP = 5 ms MAX GAP = 51 ms TOTAL GAPS TIME = 599 s duraton [ms] TALKBURSTS AND GAPS w. HANGOVER TIME TALKBURSTS DISTRIBUTION : MEAN TALKBURST = 1 ms duraton [ms] Fg. 9. Talkbursts and gaps generated by the Fg. 1. Talkbursts and gaps generated by the voce source wthout hangover tme. voce source wth hangover tme. In order to compare the performance of the new playout algorthm wth the basc one, we recorded network delays at the recever and processed that data wth the program that smulated the behavour of the two algorthms. The delay/packet loss rato was controlled by dfferent values of the ß factor (<ß<). Fgures below show the delay/loss trade-off of both algorthms for dfferent network condtons and two voce sources. The sold lnes represent the performance of the standard algorthm (four dfferent fxed values of α) whle the lnes wth crcles represent the new algorthm wth dynamc α α=.7 α=. α=.9 α=.99 dynamc a average bufferng delay [ms] Fg. 11,1. Algorthms performance comparson - delay and jtter constant (voce source w. and w/o hangover) # talkbursts # gaps 1 1 late packets loss loss rate [%] GAPS DISTRIBUTION : MEAN GAP = 157 ms MIN TALKBURST = 79 ms MAX TALKBURST = 733 ms TOTAL TALK TIME = 17 s MIN GAP = 79 ms MAX GAP = 11 ms TOTAL GAPS TIME = 15 s 1 1 duraton [ms] α=.7 α=. α=.9 α=.99 dynamc α average bufferng delay [ms] α=.7 α=. α=.9 α=.99 dynamc α α=.7 α=. α=.9 α=.99 dynamc α average bufferng delay [ms] average bufferng delay [ms] Fg. 13, 1. Algorthms performance comparson - average delay s constant but jtter vares n tme (voce source w. and w/o hangover tme).
7 15 α=.7 α=. 1 1 α=.7 α=. 1 5 α=.9 α=.99 dynamc α average bufferng delay [ms] 1 α=.9 α=.99 dynamc α average bufferng delay [ms] Fg. 15, 1. Algorthms performance comparson - delay vares n tme and jtter s constant (voce source w. and w/o hangover tme). 15 α= α= α=.9 α= dynamc α.99 dynamc α average bufferng delay [ms] average bufferng delay [ms] Fg. 17, 1. Algorthms performance comparson - delay and jtter vary n tme (voce source w. and w/o hangover tme). From the fgures above t can be notced that when network condtons were stable (jtter and delay were constant) the algorthm proposed performed at least as well as the algorthm wth fxed α. When network condtons were changng (jtter and delay vared n tme), our algorthm performed better for all delay patterns. 5. Expermental measurements and algorthm comparson To examne the performance of the new playout algorthm two packet audo termnals were bult based on OpenH33 source code [7]. One termnal was set up at the Performance Engneerng Laboratory n Dubln (IRELAND), and another one at the Computer Center of the Lodz Unversty of Technology - LODMAN (POLAND). The dstance between sender and recever was 1 hops and the nterconnectng lnks had a bandwdth of between and 155 Mbts per second. The clocks of the termnals were synchronzed usng NTP software whch for our purposes s suffcently precse. For the experments the smplest G.711 A-law encodng scheme (PCM) was chosen. The termnal encoder was sendng one frame of audo ( bytes) every 3 ms. As an nput sgnal a sequence of alternatng audo sgnals and slence perods was used (followng ITU-T P.59 recommendaton wthout hangover tme) and no audo packets were generated durng
8 slence perods. Durng one hour of transmsson all expermental data (the arrvng tmes, tmestamps, sequence numbers, and marker bts) were collected at the recevng host. Fg. 19 shows delays and the hstogram of delays experenced by audo packets durng one hour experment. The delay/loss trade-off of the two algorthms s shown n Fg.. 1 a=.7 dynamc α fxed α a=. a= average bufferng delay [ms] Fg. 19. Delays experenced by audo packets Fg.. Algorthm performance comparson. and a hstogram of these delays. The comparson of calculated playout tmes for the whole network trace s shown n Fg. 1 and for the 5 seconds of transmsson n Fg.. a=.99 Fg. 1,. Calculated playout tmes for fxed and dynamc α and dynamc α vs. tme.. Effects of the new bufferng scheme on subjectve qualty To estmate the subjectve qualty of packet voce for varous α, the E-Model (ITU-T Recommendaton G.17) [] was used. E-Model combnes ndvdual mparments (loss, delay, echo, codec type, nose, etc.) due to both the sgnal s propertes and the network characterstcs nto a sngle R-ratng that ranges from to 1. Everythng below 5 s clearly unacceptable and everythng above 9.15 s unobtanable n narrowband telephony. The R-ratng s a lnear combnaton of the ndvdual mparments and s gven by the followng formula: R = ( Ro I s ) I d I e + A
9 From our pont of vew delay mparment delay I d (captures the effect of delay) and equpment mparment I e (captures the effect of nformaton loss due to encodng scheme and packet loss) are the most nterestng. Other mparments: loud connecton and quantzaton mparmet I S, basc sgnal to nose rato R, and the advantage factor A (zero n the fxed Internet) do not depend on the transmsson parameters. Therefore, we can conclude that we can wrte the R ratng (for undstorted G.711 audo) as: R = I d I e Fgures below show for several encoders and dfferent levels of echo cancellaton how the call qualty decreases due to one-way delay (Fg. 3) and how the equpment mparment ncreases for ncreasng packet loss ratos (Fg. ). 1 9 Transmsson Ratng Factor R vs. Delay TELR=5dB TELR=55dB TELR=5dB 5 Equpment Imparment Ie vs. Packet Loss R one-way delay [ms] Fg. 3. Transmsson ratng factor R as a functon of the one-way delay [9]. Ie 3 1 G.711 w/o PLC G.73.1 GSM G.79A G.711 Bursty Loss w. PLC G.711 w. PLC Random Loss packet loss [%] Fg.. Equpment mparment I e as a functon of the packet loss [1]. Based on R ratng, we assessed transmsson qualty and subjectve user satsfacton over a one-hour perod. Frst we calculated average playout delays and average packets loss for 1 seconds perods. Assumng the G.711 encodng wth PLC and echo cancellaton mplemented (TELR = 55, 5) we calculated delay mparments I and equpment mparments I e and fnally found tme varyng qualty of the call. d USER SATISFACTION vs. a for TELR=5 db a =. a =.9 % % 1% 9% 7% 3% 37% % USER SATISFACTION vs. a for TELR=55 db a =. a =.9 % % 3% 1% 9% 5% 7% 57% 3% a =.99 3% dynamc a 3%% 3% a =.99 3% 1% dynamc a % 11% 9% not recommended almost all users dssatsfed many users dssatsfed some users dssatsfed satsfed very satsfed 71% 3% not recommended almost all users dssatsfed many users dssatsfed some users dssatsfed satsfed very satsfed 5% Fg. 5. User satsfacton for varous a when TELR=5 Fg.. User satsfacton for varous a when TELR=55
10 Fgures 5 and show user satsfacton levels (based on calculated R values) for two types of echo cancelng (TELR=55, 5) and for varous parameters α (.,.9,.99, dynamc α). As we can see, the best n maxmzng R values and thus user satsfacton when TELR=5 was adaptve bufferng scheme wth dynamc α (7% of tme wth very good results). Second n maxmzng user satsfacton was adaptve bufferng wth fxed α=. (7% of tme wth very good results). When echo cancellaton level was TELR=5dB, the best n maxmzng user satsfacton was agan adaptve bufferng wth dynamc α (79% of tme wth good results) whle wth fxed α=. good results were acheved only durng 5% of tme. 7. CONCLUSIONS The new playout buffer algorthm proposed predcts and follows network delays more effcently than the basc algorthm wth fxed α. We compared those algorthms through smulatons and experments on real networks usng realstc voce sources and varous delay patterns. Results show that wth dynamc α one can acheve better delay/loss trade-off and thus better call qualty and user satsfacton. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The support of the Research Innovaton Fund of Enterprse Ireland s gratefully acknowledged. REFERENCES 1. A. P. Markopoulou, F. A. Tobag, and M. J. Karam. Assessment of VoIP Qualty over Internet Backbones, n Proceedngs of the IEEE Infocom,. Ramachandran Ramjee, Jm Kurose, Don Towsley, and Hennng Schulzrnne, Adaptve playout mechansms for packetzed audo applcatons n wde-area networks, n Proceedngs of the Conference on Computer Communcatons (IEEE Infocom), Toronto, Canada, 9 3. V. Jacobson, Congeston avodance and control, n Proceedngs of ACM SIGCOMM Conference, Stanford,. H. Schulzrnne, Voce Communcaton Across the Internet: a Network Voce Termnal, Techncal Report, Dept. of Computer Scence, U. Massachusetts, Amherst MA, July 9 5. Source code avalable from: ITU-T Recommendaton P.59 Telephone transmsson qualty objectve measurng apparatus: Artfcal conversatonal speech, Geneva, March Source code avalable from ITU-T Recommendaton G.17 The E-model, A Computatonal Model for Use n Transmsson Plannng, 9 9. Telecommuncatons Industry Assocaton Voce Qualty Recommendatons for IP Telephony TIA/EIA/TSB11, 1 1. ITU-T Recommendaton G.113, "General Characterstcs of General Telephone Connectons and Telephone Crcuts - Transmsson Imparments", February 9.
The Development of Web Log Mining Based on Improve-K-Means Clustering Analysis
The Development of Web Log Mnng Based on Improve-K-Means Clusterng Analyss TngZhong Wang * College of Informaton Technology, Luoyang Normal Unversty, Luoyang, 471022, Chna wangtngzhong2@sna.cn Abstract.
More informationAdaptive Voice Smoother with Optimal Playback Delay for New Generation VoIP Services
Adaptve Voce Smoother wth Optmal Playack Delay for New Generaton VoIP Servces Shyh-Fang Huang 1, Erc Hsao-Kuang Wu 2, and Pao-Ch Chang 3 1 Department of Electrcal Engneerng, Natonal Central Unversty, Tawan,
More informationINVESTIGATION OF VEHICULAR USERS FAIRNESS IN CDMA-HDR NETWORKS
21 22 September 2007, BULGARIA 119 Proceedngs of the Internatonal Conference on Informaton Technologes (InfoTech-2007) 21 st 22 nd September 2007, Bulgara vol. 2 INVESTIGATION OF VEHICULAR USERS FAIRNESS
More informationImproving Perceived Speech Quality for Wireless. VoIP By Cross-Layer Designs
Improvng Perceved Speech Qualty for Wreless VoIP By Cross-Layer Desgns By Zhuoqun L Ths dssertaton s submtted to the Unversty of Plymouth n partal fulflment of the award of Master of Research n Network
More informationAn Interest-Oriented Network Evolution Mechanism for Online Communities
An Interest-Orented Network Evoluton Mechansm for Onlne Communtes Cahong Sun and Xaopng Yang School of Informaton, Renmn Unversty of Chna, Bejng 100872, P.R. Chna {chsun,yang}@ruc.edu.cn Abstract. Onlne
More informationSelecting Test Signals for Successful Impairment Classification in VoIP Systems
16 th IMEKO TC4 Symposum Sept. 22-24, 28, Florence, Italy Selectng Test Sgnals for Successful Imparment Classfcaton n VoIP Systems Dors Bao 1,2, Luca De Vto 1, Sergo Rapuano 1 1 Dept. of Engneerng, Unversty
More informationCalculating the high frequency transmission line parameters of power cables
< ' Calculatng the hgh frequency transmsson lne parameters of power cables Authors: Dr. John Dcknson, Laboratory Servces Manager, N 0 RW E B Communcatons Mr. Peter J. Ncholson, Project Assgnment Manager,
More informationAPPLICATION OF PROBE DATA COLLECTED VIA INFRARED BEACONS TO TRAFFIC MANEGEMENT
APPLICATION OF PROBE DATA COLLECTED VIA INFRARED BEACONS TO TRAFFIC MANEGEMENT Toshhko Oda (1), Kochro Iwaoka (2) (1), (2) Infrastructure Systems Busness Unt, Panasonc System Networks Co., Ltd. Saedo-cho
More informationivoip: an Intelligent Bandwidth Management Scheme for VoIP in WLANs
VoIP: an Intellgent Bandwdth Management Scheme for VoIP n WLANs Zhenhu Yuan and Gabrel-Mro Muntean Abstract Voce over Internet Protocol (VoIP) has been wdely used by many moble consumer devces n IEEE 802.11
More informationFrequency Selective IQ Phase and IQ Amplitude Imbalance Adjustments for OFDM Direct Conversion Transmitters
Frequency Selectve IQ Phase and IQ Ampltude Imbalance Adjustments for OFDM Drect Converson ransmtters Edmund Coersmeer, Ernst Zelnsk Noka, Meesmannstrasse 103, 44807 Bochum, Germany edmund.coersmeer@noka.com,
More informationAn Alternative Way to Measure Private Equity Performance
An Alternatve Way to Measure Prvate Equty Performance Peter Todd Parlux Investment Technology LLC Summary Internal Rate of Return (IRR) s probably the most common way to measure the performance of prvate
More informationOn the Optimal Control of a Cascade of Hydro-Electric Power Stations
On the Optmal Control of a Cascade of Hydro-Electrc Power Statons M.C.M. Guedes a, A.F. Rbero a, G.V. Smrnov b and S. Vlela c a Department of Mathematcs, School of Scences, Unversty of Porto, Portugal;
More informationbenefit is 2, paid if the policyholder dies within the year, and probability of death within the year is ).
REVIEW OF RISK MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS LOSS DISTRIBUTIONS AND INSURANCE Loss and nsurance: When someone s subject to the rsk of ncurrng a fnancal loss, the loss s generally modeled usng a random varable or
More informationTraffic State Estimation in the Traffic Management Center of Berlin
Traffc State Estmaton n the Traffc Management Center of Berln Authors: Peter Vortsch, PTV AG, Stumpfstrasse, D-763 Karlsruhe, Germany phone ++49/72/965/35, emal peter.vortsch@ptv.de Peter Möhl, PTV AG,
More informationA Design Method of High-availability and Low-optical-loss Optical Aggregation Network Architecture
A Desgn Method of Hgh-avalablty and Low-optcal-loss Optcal Aggregaton Network Archtecture Takehro Sato, Kuntaka Ashzawa, Kazumasa Tokuhash, Dasuke Ish, Satoru Okamoto and Naoak Yamanaka Dept. of Informaton
More informationEfficient Bandwidth Management in Broadband Wireless Access Systems Using CAC-based Dynamic Pricing
Effcent Bandwdth Management n Broadband Wreless Access Systems Usng CAC-based Dynamc Prcng Bader Al-Manthar, Ndal Nasser 2, Najah Abu Al 3, Hossam Hassanen Telecommuncatons Research Laboratory School of
More informationDEFINING %COMPLETE IN MICROSOFT PROJECT
CelersSystems DEFINING %COMPLETE IN MICROSOFT PROJECT PREPARED BY James E Aksel, PMP, PMI-SP, MVP For Addtonal Informaton about Earned Value Management Systems and reportng, please contact: CelersSystems,
More informationRisk-based Fatigue Estimate of Deep Water Risers -- Course Project for EM388F: Fracture Mechanics, Spring 2008
Rsk-based Fatgue Estmate of Deep Water Rsers -- Course Project for EM388F: Fracture Mechancs, Sprng 2008 Chen Sh Department of Cvl, Archtectural, and Envronmental Engneerng The Unversty of Texas at Austn
More informationAssessment of VoIP Quality over Access Networks
Assessment of VoIP Qualty over Access Networks M. Amr Mehmood, Pakstan Internet Exchange, IT Infrastructure Dvson, PTCL, Lahore, Pakstan Tarq M. Jadoon, Lahore Unversty of Management Scences, Lahore, 54792,
More informationProject Networks With Mixed-Time Constraints
Project Networs Wth Mxed-Tme Constrants L Caccetta and B Wattananon Western Australan Centre of Excellence n Industral Optmsaton (WACEIO) Curtn Unversty of Technology GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australa
More informationAnalysis of the Delay and Jitter of Voice Traffic Over the Internet
Analyss of the Delay and Jtter of Voce Traffc Over the Internet Mansour J. Karam, Fouad A. Tobag Abstract In the future, voce communcaton s expected to mgrate from the Publc Swtched Telephone Network (PSTN)
More informationAn Inter-Frame De-Jittering Scheme for Video Streaming over Mobile Communication Networks
An Inter-Frame De-Jtterng Scheme for Vdeo Streamng over Moble Communcaton Networks Tsang-Lng Sheu and Po-Wen Lee Department of Electrcal Engneerng Natonal Sun Yat-Sen Unversty Kaohsung, Tawan sheu@ee.nsysu.edu.tw
More informationAnalysis of Premium Liabilities for Australian Lines of Business
Summary of Analyss of Premum Labltes for Australan Lnes of Busness Emly Tao Honours Research Paper, The Unversty of Melbourne Emly Tao Acknowledgements I am grateful to the Australan Prudental Regulaton
More informationModule 2 LOSSLESS IMAGE COMPRESSION SYSTEMS. Version 2 ECE IIT, Kharagpur
Module LOSSLESS IMAGE COMPRESSION SYSTEMS Lesson 3 Lossless Compresson: Huffman Codng Instructonal Objectves At the end of ths lesson, the students should be able to:. Defne and measure source entropy..
More informationRecurrence. 1 Definitions and main statements
Recurrence 1 Defntons and man statements Let X n, n = 0, 1, 2,... be a MC wth the state space S = (1, 2,...), transton probabltes p j = P {X n+1 = j X n = }, and the transton matrx P = (p j ),j S def.
More informationFault tolerance in cloud technologies presented as a service
Internatonal Scentfc Conference Computer Scence 2015 Pavel Dzhunev, PhD student Fault tolerance n cloud technologes presented as a servce INTRODUCTION Improvements n technques for vrtualzaton and performance
More informationAn Evaluation of the Extended Logistic, Simple Logistic, and Gompertz Models for Forecasting Short Lifecycle Products and Services
An Evaluaton of the Extended Logstc, Smple Logstc, and Gompertz Models for Forecastng Short Lfecycle Products and Servces Charles V. Trappey a,1, Hsn-yng Wu b a Professor (Management Scence), Natonal Chao
More informationRELIABILITY, RISK AND AVAILABILITY ANLYSIS OF A CONTAINER GANTRY CRANE ABSTRACT
Kolowrock Krzysztof Joanna oszynska MODELLING ENVIRONMENT AND INFRATRUCTURE INFLUENCE ON RELIABILITY AND OPERATION RT&A # () (Vol.) March RELIABILITY RIK AND AVAILABILITY ANLYI OF A CONTAINER GANTRY CRANE
More informationA Secure Password-Authenticated Key Agreement Using Smart Cards
A Secure Password-Authentcated Key Agreement Usng Smart Cards Ka Chan 1, Wen-Chung Kuo 2 and Jn-Chou Cheng 3 1 Department of Computer and Informaton Scence, R.O.C. Mltary Academy, Kaohsung 83059, Tawan,
More informationM3S MULTIMEDIA MOBILITY MANAGEMENT AND LOAD BALANCING IN WIRELESS BROADCAST NETWORKS
M3S MULTIMEDIA MOBILITY MANAGEMENT AND LOAD BALANCING IN WIRELESS BROADCAST NETWORKS Bogdan Cubotaru, Gabrel-Mro Muntean Performance Engneerng Laboratory, RINCE School of Electronc Engneerng Dubln Cty
More informationHow To Calculate The Accountng Perod Of Nequalty
Inequalty and The Accountng Perod Quentn Wodon and Shlomo Ytzha World Ban and Hebrew Unversty September Abstract Income nequalty typcally declnes wth the length of tme taen nto account for measurement.
More informationRESEARCH ON DUAL-SHAKER SINE VIBRATION CONTROL. Yaoqi FENG 1, Hanping QIU 1. China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) yaoqi.feng@yahoo.
ICSV4 Carns Australa 9- July, 007 RESEARCH ON DUAL-SHAKER SINE VIBRATION CONTROL Yaoq FENG, Hanpng QIU Dynamc Test Laboratory, BISEE Chna Academy of Space Technology (CAST) yaoq.feng@yahoo.com Abstract
More informationAssessing the quality of VoIP transmission affected by playout buffer scheme and encoding scheme
Assessing the quality of VoIP transmission affected by playout buffer scheme and encoding scheme Miroslaw Narbutt, Mark Davis Communications Network Research Institute Dublin Institute of Technology Wireless
More informationQoS-Aware Active Queue Management for Multimedia Services over the Internet
QoS-Aware Actve Queue Management for Multmeda Servces over the Internet I-Shyan Hwang, *Bor-Junn Hwang, Pen-Mng Chang, Cheng-Yu Wang Abstract Recently, the multmeda servces such as IPTV, vdeo conference
More informationCHOLESTEROL REFERENCE METHOD LABORATORY NETWORK. Sample Stability Protocol
CHOLESTEROL REFERENCE METHOD LABORATORY NETWORK Sample Stablty Protocol Background The Cholesterol Reference Method Laboratory Network (CRMLN) developed certfcaton protocols for total cholesterol, HDL
More informationOn-Line Fault Detection in Wind Turbine Transmission System using Adaptive Filter and Robust Statistical Features
On-Lne Fault Detecton n Wnd Turbne Transmsson System usng Adaptve Flter and Robust Statstcal Features Ruoyu L Remote Dagnostcs Center SKF USA Inc. 3443 N. Sam Houston Pkwy., Houston TX 77086 Emal: ruoyu.l@skf.com
More informationVRT012 User s guide V0.1. Address: Žirmūnų g. 27, Vilnius LT-09105, Phone: (370-5) 2127472, Fax: (370-5) 276 1380, Email: info@teltonika.
VRT012 User s gude V0.1 Thank you for purchasng our product. We hope ths user-frendly devce wll be helpful n realsng your deas and brngng comfort to your lfe. Please take few mnutes to read ths manual
More informationEfficient Striping Techniques for Variable Bit Rate Continuous Media File Servers æ
Effcent Strpng Technques for Varable Bt Rate Contnuous Meda Fle Servers æ Prashant J. Shenoy Harrck M. Vn Department of Computer Scence, Department of Computer Scences, Unversty of Massachusetts at Amherst
More informationMinimal Coding Network With Combinatorial Structure For Instantaneous Recovery From Edge Failures
Mnmal Codng Network Wth Combnatoral Structure For Instantaneous Recovery From Edge Falures Ashly Joseph 1, Mr.M.Sadsh Sendl 2, Dr.S.Karthk 3 1 Fnal Year ME CSE Student Department of Computer Scence Engneerng
More informationPAS: A Packet Accounting System to Limit the Effects of DoS & DDoS. Debish Fesehaye & Klara Naherstedt University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign
PAS: A Packet Accountng System to Lmt the Effects of DoS & DDoS Debsh Fesehaye & Klara Naherstedt Unversty of Illnos-Urbana Champagn DoS and DDoS DDoS attacks are ncreasng threats to our dgtal world. Exstng
More informationPerformance Analysis of Energy Consumption of Smartphone Running Mobile Hotspot Application
Internatonal Journal of mart Grd and lean Energy Performance Analyss of Energy onsumpton of martphone Runnng Moble Hotspot Applcaton Yun on hung a chool of Electronc Engneerng, oongsl Unversty, 511 angdo-dong,
More informationEnd-to-end measurements of GPRS-EDGE networks have
End-to-end measurements over GPRS-EDGE networks Juan Andrés Negrera Facultad de Ingenería, Unversdad de la Repúblca Montevdeo, Uruguay Javer Perera Facultad de Ingenería, Unversdad de la Repúblca Montevdeo,
More informationForecasting the Direction and Strength of Stock Market Movement
Forecastng the Drecton and Strength of Stock Market Movement Jngwe Chen Mng Chen Nan Ye cjngwe@stanford.edu mchen5@stanford.edu nanye@stanford.edu Abstract - Stock market s one of the most complcated systems
More informationAN APPOINTMENT ORDER OUTPATIENT SCHEDULING SYSTEM THAT IMPROVES OUTPATIENT EXPERIENCE
AN APPOINTMENT ORDER OUTPATIENT SCHEDULING SYSTEM THAT IMPROVES OUTPATIENT EXPERIENCE Yu-L Huang Industral Engneerng Department New Mexco State Unversty Las Cruces, New Mexco 88003, U.S.A. Abstract Patent
More informationEfficient On-Demand Data Service Delivery to High-Speed Trains in Cellular/Infostation Integrated Networks
IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. XX, NO. XX, MONTH 2XX 1 Effcent On-Demand Data Servce Delvery to Hgh-Speed Trans n Cellular/Infostaton Integrated Networks Hao Lang, Student Member,
More informationTHE DISTRIBUTION OF LOAN PORTFOLIO VALUE * Oldrich Alfons Vasicek
HE DISRIBUION OF LOAN PORFOLIO VALUE * Oldrch Alfons Vascek he amount of captal necessary to support a portfolo of debt securtes depends on the probablty dstrbuton of the portfolo loss. Consder a portfolo
More information"Research Note" APPLICATION OF CHARGE SIMULATION METHOD TO ELECTRIC FIELD CALCULATION IN THE POWER CABLES *
Iranan Journal of Scence & Technology, Transacton B, Engneerng, ol. 30, No. B6, 789-794 rnted n The Islamc Republc of Iran, 006 Shraz Unversty "Research Note" ALICATION OF CHARGE SIMULATION METHOD TO ELECTRIC
More informationForecasting the Demand of Emergency Supplies: Based on the CBR Theory and BP Neural Network
700 Proceedngs of the 8th Internatonal Conference on Innovaton & Management Forecastng the Demand of Emergency Supples: Based on the CBR Theory and BP Neural Network Fu Deqang, Lu Yun, L Changbng School
More informationWhat is Candidate Sampling
What s Canddate Samplng Say we have a multclass or mult label problem where each tranng example ( x, T ) conssts of a context x a small (mult)set of target classes T out of a large unverse L of possble
More informationPacket Dispersion and the Quality of Voice over IP Applications in IP networks
acet Dsperson and the Qualty of Voce over I Applcatons n I networs Ham Zlatorlov, Hanoch Levy School of Computer Scence Tel Avv Unversty Tel Avv, Israel Abstract- Next Generaton Networs (NGN and the mgraton
More informationAn RFID Distance Bounding Protocol
An RFID Dstance Boundng Protocol Gerhard P. Hancke and Markus G. Kuhn May 22, 2006 An RFID Dstance Boundng Protocol p. 1 Dstance boundng Verfer d Prover Places an upper bound on physcal dstance Does not
More informationResponse Coordination of Distributed Generation and Tap Changers for Voltage Support
Response Coordnaton of Dstrbuted Generaton and Tap Changers for Voltage Support An D.T. Le, Student Member, IEEE, K.M. Muttaq, Senor Member, IEEE, M. Negnevtsky, Member, IEEE,and G. Ledwch, Senor Member,
More informationPerformance Analysis and Comparison of QoS Provisioning Mechanisms for CBR Traffic in Noisy IEEE 802.11e WLANs Environments
Tamkang Journal of Scence and Engneerng, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 143149 (2008) 143 Performance Analyss and Comparson of QoS Provsonng Mechansms for CBR Traffc n Nosy IEEE 802.11e WLANs Envronments Der-Junn
More informationA New Task Scheduling Algorithm Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm
A New Task Schedulng Algorthm Based on Improved Genetc Algorthm n Cloud Computng Envronment Congcong Xong, Long Feng, Lxan Chen A New Task Schedulng Algorthm Based on Improved Genetc Algorthm n Cloud Computng
More informationJoint Dynamic Radio Resource Allocation and Mobility Load Balancing in 3GPP LTE Multi-Cell Network
288 FENG LI, LINA GENG, SHIHUA ZHU, JOINT DYNAMIC RADIO RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND MOBILITY LOAD BALANCING Jont Dynamc Rado Resource Allocaton and Moblty Load Balancng n 3GPP LTE Mult-Cell Networ Feng LI,
More informationA GENERIC HANDOVER DECISION MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS
A GENERIC HANDOVER DECISION MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Shanthy Menezes 1 and S. Venkatesan 2 1 Department of Computer Scence, Unversty of Texas at Dallas, Rchardson, TX, USA 1 shanthy.menezes@student.utdallas.edu
More informationJoint Scheduling of Processing and Shuffle Phases in MapReduce Systems
Jont Schedulng of Processng and Shuffle Phases n MapReduce Systems Fangfe Chen, Mural Kodalam, T. V. Lakshman Department of Computer Scence and Engneerng, The Penn State Unversty Bell Laboratores, Alcatel-Lucent
More informationOptimal Choice of Random Variables in D-ITG Traffic Generating Tool using Evolutionary Algorithms
Optmal Choce of Random Varables n D-ITG Traffc Generatng Tool usng Evolutonary Algorthms M. R. Mosav* (C.A.), F. Farab* and S. Karam* Abstract: Impressve development of computer networks has been requred
More informationOpen Access A Load Balancing Strategy with Bandwidth Constraint in Cloud Computing. Jing Deng 1,*, Ping Guo 2, Qi Li 3, Haizhu Chen 1
Send Orders for Reprnts to reprnts@benthamscence.ae The Open Cybernetcs & Systemcs Journal, 2014, 8, 115-121 115 Open Access A Load Balancng Strategy wth Bandwdth Constrant n Cloud Computng Jng Deng 1,*,
More informationGauging VoIP call quality from 802.11 WLAN resource usage
Gauging VoIP call quality from 82.11 WLAN resource usage Miroslaw Narbutt and Mark Davis Communications Network Research Institute School of Electronic and Communications Engineering Dublin Institute of
More informationtaposh_kuet20@yahoo.comcsedchan@cityu.edu.hk rajib_csedept@yahoo.co.uk, alam_shihabul@yahoo.com
G. G. Md. Nawaz Al 1,2, Rajb Chakraborty 2, Md. Shhabul Alam 2 and Edward Chan 1 1 Cty Unversty of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Chna taposh_kuet20@yahoo.comcsedchan@ctyu.edu.hk 2 Khulna Unversty of Engneerng
More informationApplication of Multi-Agents for Fault Detection and Reconfiguration of Power Distribution Systems
1 Applcaton of Mult-Agents for Fault Detecton and Reconfguraton of Power Dstrbuton Systems K. Nareshkumar, Member, IEEE, M. A. Choudhry, Senor Member, IEEE, J. La, A. Felach, Senor Member, IEEE Abstract--The
More informationA Novel Methodology of Working Capital Management for Large. Public Constructions by Using Fuzzy S-curve Regression
Novel Methodology of Workng Captal Management for Large Publc Constructons by Usng Fuzzy S-curve Regresson Cheng-Wu Chen, Morrs H. L. Wang and Tng-Ya Hseh Department of Cvl Engneerng, Natonal Central Unversty,
More informationPortfolio Loss Distribution
Portfolo Loss Dstrbuton Rsky assets n loan ortfolo hghly llqud assets hold-to-maturty n the bank s balance sheet Outstandngs The orton of the bank asset that has already been extended to borrowers. Commtment
More informationRealistic Image Synthesis
Realstc Image Synthess - Combned Samplng and Path Tracng - Phlpp Slusallek Karol Myszkowsk Vncent Pegoraro Overvew: Today Combned Samplng (Multple Importance Samplng) Renderng and Measurng Equaton Random
More informationA hybrid global optimization algorithm based on parallel chaos optimization and outlook algorithm
Avalable onlne www.ocpr.com Journal of Chemcal and Pharmaceutcal Research, 2014, 6(7):1884-1889 Research Artcle ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 A hybrd global optmzaton algorthm based on parallel
More informationOn File Delay Minimization for Content Uploading to Media Cloud via Collaborative Wireless Network
On Fle Delay Mnmzaton for Content Uploadng to Meda Cloud va Collaboratve Wreless Network Ge Zhang and Yonggang Wen School of Computer Engneerng Nanyang Technologcal Unversty Sngapore Emal: {zh0001ge, ygwen}@ntu.edu.sg
More informationA DATA MINING APPLICATION IN A STUDENT DATABASE
JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGIES JULY 005 VOLUME NUMBER (53-57) A DATA MINING APPLICATION IN A STUDENT DATABASE Şenol Zafer ERDOĞAN Maltepe Ünversty Faculty of Engneerng Büyükbakkalköy-Istanbul
More informationIMPACT ANALYSIS OF A CELLULAR PHONE
4 th ASA & μeta Internatonal Conference IMPACT AALYSIS OF A CELLULAR PHOE We Lu, 2 Hongy L Bejng FEAonlne Engneerng Co.,Ltd. Bejng, Chna ABSTRACT Drop test smulaton plays an mportant role n nvestgatng
More informationData Broadcast on a Multi-System Heterogeneous Overlayed Wireless Network *
JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 24, 819-840 (2008) Data Broadcast on a Mult-System Heterogeneous Overlayed Wreless Network * Department of Computer Scence Natonal Chao Tung Unversty Hsnchu,
More informationSupport Vector Machines
Support Vector Machnes Max Wellng Department of Computer Scence Unversty of Toronto 10 Kng s College Road Toronto, M5S 3G5 Canada wellng@cs.toronto.edu Abstract Ths s a note to explan support vector machnes.
More informationAn Enhanced Super-Resolution System with Improved Image Registration, Automatic Image Selection, and Image Enhancement
An Enhanced Super-Resoluton System wth Improved Image Regstraton, Automatc Image Selecton, and Image Enhancement Yu-Chuan Kuo ( ), Chen-Yu Chen ( ), and Chou-Shann Fuh ( ) Department of Computer Scence
More informationPreventive Maintenance and Replacement Scheduling: Models and Algorithms
Preventve Mantenance and Replacement Schedulng: Models and Algorthms By Kamran S. Moghaddam B.S. Unversty of Tehran 200 M.S. Tehran Polytechnc 2003 A Dssertaton Proposal Submtted to the Faculty of the
More information1. Fundamentals of probability theory 2. Emergence of communication traffic 3. Stochastic & Markovian Processes (SP & MP)
6.3 / -- Communcaton Networks II (Görg) SS20 -- www.comnets.un-bremen.de Communcaton Networks II Contents. Fundamentals of probablty theory 2. Emergence of communcaton traffc 3. Stochastc & Markovan Processes
More informationA New Quality of Service Metric for Hard/Soft Real-Time Applications
A New Qualty of Servce Metrc for Hard/Soft Real-Tme Applcatons Shaoxong Hua and Gang Qu Electrcal and Computer Engneerng Department and Insttute of Advanced Computer Study Unversty of Maryland, College
More informationRobust Design of Public Storage Warehouses. Yeming (Yale) Gong EMLYON Business School
Robust Desgn of Publc Storage Warehouses Yemng (Yale) Gong EMLYON Busness School Rene de Koster Rotterdam school of management, Erasmus Unversty Abstract We apply robust optmzaton and revenue management
More informationInstitute of Informatics, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology,Czech Republic
Lagrange Multplers as Quanttatve Indcators n Economcs Ivan Mezník Insttute of Informatcs, Faculty of Busness and Management, Brno Unversty of TechnologCzech Republc Abstract The quanttatve role of Lagrange
More informationHigh Correlation between Net Promoter Score and the Development of Consumers' Willingness to Pay (Empirical Evidence from European Mobile Markets)
Hgh Correlaton between et Promoter Score and the Development of Consumers' Wllngness to Pay (Emprcal Evdence from European Moble Marets Ths paper shows that the correlaton between the et Promoter Score
More informationAN APPROACH TO WIRELESS SCHEDULING CONSIDERING REVENUE AND USERS SATISFACTION
The Medterranean Journal of Computers and Networks, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2006 57 AN APPROACH TO WIRELESS SCHEDULING CONSIDERING REVENUE AND USERS SATISFACTION L. Bada 1,*, M. Zorz 2 1 Department of Engneerng,
More informationMethodology to Determine Relationships between Performance Factors in Hadoop Cloud Computing Applications
Methodology to Determne Relatonshps between Performance Factors n Hadoop Cloud Computng Applcatons Lus Eduardo Bautsta Vllalpando 1,2, Alan Aprl 1 and Alan Abran 1 1 Department of Software Engneerng and
More informationLAMOR: Lifetime-Aware Multipath Optimized Routing Algorithm for Video Transmission over Ad Hoc Networks
LAMOR: Lfetme-Aware Multpath Optmzed Routng Algorthm for Vdeo ransmsson over Ad Hoc Networks 1 Lansheng an, Lng Xe, Kng-m Ko, Mng Le and Moshe Zukerman Abstract Multpath routng s a key technque to support
More informationA Parallel Architecture for Stateful Intrusion Detection in High Traffic Networks
A Parallel Archtecture for Stateful Intruson Detecton n Hgh Traffc Networks Mchele Colajann Mrco Marchett Dpartmento d Ingegnera dell Informazone Unversty of Modena {colajann, marchett.mrco}@unmore.t Abstract
More informationDynamic Fleet Management for Cybercars
Proceedngs of the IEEE ITSC 2006 2006 IEEE Intellgent Transportaton Systems Conference Toronto, Canada, September 17-20, 2006 TC7.5 Dynamc Fleet Management for Cybercars Fenghu. Wang, Mng. Yang, Ruqng.
More informationNetwork Aware Load-Balancing via Parallel VM Migration for Data Centers
Network Aware Load-Balancng va Parallel VM Mgraton for Data Centers Kun-Tng Chen 2, Chen Chen 12, Po-Hsang Wang 2 1 Informaton Technology Servce Center, 2 Department of Computer Scence Natonal Chao Tung
More informationDocument Clustering Analysis Based on Hybrid PSO+K-means Algorithm
Document Clusterng Analyss Based on Hybrd PSO+K-means Algorthm Xaohu Cu, Thomas E. Potok Appled Software Engneerng Research Group, Computatonal Scences and Engneerng Dvson, Oak Rdge Natonal Laboratory,
More informationRisk Model of Long-Term Production Scheduling in Open Pit Gold Mining
Rsk Model of Long-Term Producton Schedulng n Open Pt Gold Mnng R Halatchev 1 and P Lever 2 ABSTRACT Open pt gold mnng s an mportant sector of the Australan mnng ndustry. It uses large amounts of nvestments,
More informationGENETIC ALGORITHM FOR PROJECT SCHEDULING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 03 Fady Safwat et al., 03 Research Paper ISS 78 049 www.jmerr.com Vol., o. 3, July 03 03 IJMERR. All Rghts Reserved GEETIC ALGORITHM FOR PROJECT SCHEDULIG AD RESOURCE ALLOCATIO
More informationReal-Time Measurement of End-to-End Available Bandwidth using Kalman Filtering
Real-Tme Measurement of End-to-End Avalable Bandwdth usng Kalman Flterng Svante Ekeln, Martn Nlsson, Erk Hartkanen, Andreas Johnsson, Jan-Erk Mångs, Bob Melander, and Mats Börkman Ercsson Research, Stockholm,
More informationSurvey on Virtual Machine Placement Techniques in Cloud Computing Environment
Survey on Vrtual Machne Placement Technques n Cloud Computng Envronment Rajeev Kumar Gupta and R. K. Paterya Department of Computer Scence & Engneerng, MANIT, Bhopal, Inda ABSTRACT In tradtonal data center
More informationSoftware project management with GAs
Informaton Scences 177 (27) 238 241 www.elsever.com/locate/ns Software project management wth GAs Enrque Alba *, J. Francsco Chcano Unversty of Málaga, Grupo GISUM, Departamento de Lenguajes y Cencas de
More informationAn Ad Hoc Network Load Balancing Energy- Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol
246 JOURNA OF SOFTWAR, VO. 9, NO. 1, JANUARY 2014 An Ad Hoc Network oad alancng nergy- ffcent Multpath Routng Protocol De-jn Kong Shanx Fnance and Taxaton College, Tayuan, Chna mal: dejnkong@163.com Xao-lng
More informationPower-of-Two Policies for Single- Warehouse Multi-Retailer Inventory Systems with Order Frequency Discounts
Power-of-wo Polces for Sngle- Warehouse Mult-Retaler Inventory Systems wth Order Frequency Dscounts José A. Ventura Pennsylvana State Unversty (USA) Yale. Herer echnon Israel Insttute of echnology (Israel)
More informationDamage detection in composite laminates using coin-tap method
Damage detecton n composte lamnates usng con-tap method S.J. Km Korea Aerospace Research Insttute, 45 Eoeun-Dong, Youseong-Gu, 35-333 Daejeon, Republc of Korea yaeln@kar.re.kr 45 The con-tap test has the
More informationA User-Centric Approach for Dynamic Resource Allocation in CDMA systems based on Hopfield Neural Networks
A User-Centrc Approach for Dynamc esource Allocaton n CDA systems based on Hopfeld eural etworks. García. Agustí J. érez-omero Unverstat ompeu Fabra (UF) Unverstat oltècnca de Catalunya (UC) Barcelona
More informationdenote the location of a node, and suppose node X . This transmission causes a successful reception by node X for any other node
Fnal Report of EE359 Class Proect Throughput and Delay n Wreless Ad Hoc Networs Changhua He changhua@stanford.edu Abstract: Networ throughput and pacet delay are the two most mportant parameters to evaluate
More informationDynamic optimization of the LNG value chain
Proceedngs of the 1 st Annual Gas Processng Symposum H. Alfadala, G.V. Rex Reklats and M.M. El-Halwag (Edtors) 2009 Elsever B.V. All rghts reserved. 1 Dynamc optmzaton of the LNG value chan Bjarne A. Foss
More informationSMART: Scalable, Bandwidth-Aware Monitoring of Continuous Aggregation Queries
: Scalable, Bandwdth-Aware Montorng of Contnuous Aggregaton Queres Navendu Jan, Praveen Yalagandula, Mke Dahln, and Yn Zhang Unversty of Texas at Austn HP Labs ABSTRACT We present, a scalable, bandwdth-aware
More informationDynamic Pricing for Smart Grid with Reinforcement Learning
Dynamc Prcng for Smart Grd wth Renforcement Learnng Byung-Gook Km, Yu Zhang, Mhaela van der Schaar, and Jang-Won Lee Samsung Electroncs, Suwon, Korea Department of Electrcal Engneerng, UCLA, Los Angeles,
More informationAnts Can Schedule Software Projects
Ants Can Schedule Software Proects Broderck Crawford 1,2, Rcardo Soto 1,3, Frankln Johnson 4, and Erc Monfroy 5 1 Pontfca Unversdad Católca de Valparaíso, Chle FrstName.Name@ucv.cl 2 Unversdad Fns Terrae,
More informationDesign and Development of a Security Evaluation Platform Based on International Standards
Internatonal Journal of Informatcs Socety, VOL.5, NO.2 (203) 7-80 7 Desgn and Development of a Securty Evaluaton Platform Based on Internatonal Standards Yuj Takahash and Yoshm Teshgawara Graduate School
More information