BHUTAN Country Presentation
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1 Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in Asia BHUTAN Country Presentation 9-11 September, Thimphu, Bhutan Tayba Buddha Tamang Senior Meteorologist Meteorology Division Department of Hydro Met Services Ministry of Economic Affairs
2 Outline of the presenttaion 1. Introduction 2. Organizational Chart 3. Mission and Basic Info of Department of Hydro Met Services 4. Network of DHMS 5. GLOF EWS in Bhutan 6. Data Management 7. Strategies of DHMS 8. Prjoects with DHMS 9. DHMS service User and future plan
3 1. Introdution I. Basic Information of the Country: Total area - 38,394 Population - 634, ,000 Sq. Km (2010) projected (2013) 79 % of population is Altitude : 160 m to 7500 m Forest Coverage: ensure at least farmer above msl 70.5% - Policy is to 60% for all time Politic : Constitutional Monarchy since 2008 Gross National Happiness (GNH) Philosophy guide for the Socio Economic Development. Four pillars of GNH i. Sustainable and Equitable Socio-Economic
4 Climate Zone in Bhutan ALPINE ZONE - Below freezing point - Permanent snow line 4800m to 7500m. SUB ALPINE ZONE - Altitude m - Heavy Snow and frost in winter. - Rain mm. - Temperature below 8 C. TEMPERATE ZONE - Altitude m. - Winter temp 10 C. - Summer temp 24 C. - Rain mm. SUB TROPICAL ZONE - Altitude m - Winter temp 16 C - Summer temp 28 C - Rain above 2000mm
5 Monsoon in Bhutan ῆ Bhutan Climatic is generally dominated by monsoon winds with dry winter and wet summer monsoon Monthly Average Rainfall Rainfall in mm Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month DJF MAM JJAS ON 2% 20% 72% 6%
6 Disaster Risks in Bhutan ῆ Flood ᾶ GLOF ᾶ Flashfloods ᾶ Landslide Dam Outburst Floods ῆ Landslides ῆ Wind storm pre monsoon and post monsoon ῆ Epidemics, pests and diseases: ῆ Earthquakes ῆ Forest Fires ῆ.. ῆ Rain varies with altitude ῆ Southern foothills vulnerable to monsoon related disaster ῆ Foothills = Fragile and prone to landslides
7 Floods GLOF Flashfloods LDOFs GLOF: Punakhtshangchhu October Discharge (m3/s) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Month Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Flash Flood: Pasakha August 2000 Tsatichhi 2004
8 Landslides During rainy season - Young fragile geology and steep slopes prone to landslides. Most landslides occur in the eastern and southern foothills. Landslides frequently disrupt means of Transportation Scores of landslides along the Thimphu Phuentsholing National Highway occurred every year during the monsoon,
9 2. Organizational Chart
10 3. Mission and Basic Info of DHMS VISION: Maintain and operate a functional hydrometeorologicalänetwork to provide standard products and services for fulfill the national, regional and international requirements. GOALS: Provide reliable hydro-meteorological information and services needed for various including weather & flood forecasting and warning. OBJECTIVES: To provide an effective meteorological data national source of hydro, service, andäadviceäto meet the
11 3. Mission and Basic Info of DHMS Historic Development ῆ1991- Under Bhutan Power System Master Plan project Hydromet network covering the whole country was established. ῆHydro-met network and data used primarily for hydropower planning activities. ῆDec Up-gradation of Hydro-met Services Division to a fully-fledged Department of Hydro-Met Services. ῆMandated to provide reliable Weather & Climate data, accurate Weather & Flood Forecasting.
12 Network of DHMS 1. METEOROLOGICAL SURFACE STATION measured ῆAgro Met Station ᾶDaily 20parameter (Manual) Rainfall Temperature/Humidi ty Wind measured ῆClimatology StationDaily ᾶ 62 (Manual) parameter Rainfall Temperature/Humid ity ῆAutomatic Station - 24 Sunshine duration Soil Temperature Evaporation
13 Network of DHMS cont.. Data Collection Status ῆManual Station (Class A & C) ῆ Data recorded daily at 9 am ῆ Data sent monthly to head office ῆ Data available mostly from 1996 onwards ῆAWS ῆ Data recorded every 30 minutes interval in logger ῆ Also sent via GSM/GPRS to head office database in realtime. ῆ Data available from 2011, 2012 and 2014 onwards ῆData Sharing ῆ Currently not connected to GTS
14 Network of DHMS cont.. 2. HYDROLOGICAL Network : water Measurements Gauge height River Height Discharge volume of flow Sediment load slits and river load Purpose River trends River level information Flood forecasting Principle Stations, Secondary Stations, Lean flow measurement Network of Hydrological Station Principal Station 16 Secondary Station 10 Sediment Sampling Station 11 To study and understand
15 Hydrological Data Status Date record : ᾶ Principle Station: From 1991 till date ᾶ Secondary Station: From 1986 till date ᾶ Sediment: From 1991 till date Data observed: ᾶ Principal: Twice in a day ᾶ Secondary : Twice in a day ᾶ Sediment: Everyday for at least 20 days. ᾶ Automatic: Transmitted every 15/30 mins. to Head quarter.
16 Flood Warning Section Gauge height Discharge Rainfall HF Stations Communication High Frequency Wireless communication
17 Data Observation FWS ῆ Date record : late 50s till date Data observed: ῆ Every hourly ᾶ Summer ῆ Thrice a day at 8am,1pm &6pm- Winter ῆ Twice a day at 9am & 6pm -Rainfall Water level There are 28 Flood Warning Stations which monitor river levels across the country. The river level data and rainfall data thus collected are communicated through wireless VHF systems to India and Head Office.
18 Snow Station Glacier works ῆ 10 snow manual station ῆGlacier Started Mass since 2013 balance Study of a glacier in Chamkharchhu basin, NVE & DHMS Collaborative Research in Rinchen Zoe La area, Sephu CU & DHMS
19 GLOF Early Warning System ῆ Installed Punatsangchu River Basin ῆ Basin = 13,263 sq.km ῆ Past GLOF = 7 Oct 1994 ῆ Consists : ᾶ 10 AWLS and AWS ᾶ 18 Sirens ῆ Communication ᾶ Iridium Satellite ῆ 24/7 control room monitoring
20 SOP and Information Dissemination flow chart
21 Database Management Hydrological Database HYDATA v4.2: Archive, Data Analysis Database: HYDATA v4.1 is used as hydrological database as well as for data processing.
22 Database Management cont. Meteorological Database Climsoft: Archive, Quality Check, Data Installed May 2014 through VCP WMO project. Analysis 2 desktop and one Server Expert from Kenya Met Service ᾶ Installation & Training.
23 DMS & CMS ῆ Under construction HYCOS & FMI ῆ Web based data sharing ῆ Explore ability to communicate with Hydrology and Meteorology database ῆ Database for real time AWS and AWLS with QC features ῆ Carry out different statistical analysis ῆ Climatic time series graphical display
24 Strategies of DHMS Strategies to be adopted to strengthen the hydrological and meteorological services: ῆMaintaining and upgrading the monitoring network, communication and data processing facilities ῆEnsuring well managed hydrometeorological and flood warning services network and database ; ῆDeveloping and facilitating easy access to database, resources and experts; Adopting
25 Strategies cont. ῆ Promoting human resources development and effective utilization of resources and use of ICT; ῆ Working with the private sector to develop public-private partnership in hydro-meteorology; ῆ Providing opportunities for staff to participate in international trainings, seminars and workshops in the field of hydro-meteorology; ῆ Promoting and strengthening cooperation and collaboration with national, regional and international organizations;
26 Ongoing Project-DHMS ῆ HKH HYCOS ῆ NAPA II ῆ JICA ᾶ EWS in Mangdechu and Chamkhar Basin ῆ FMI ῆ World Bank ῆ STORM Project with SAARC ῆ NVE
27 DHMS Current and Plan Service Users SERVICES CURRENT PLAN Historic/Clima tic Data 1. Infrastructure and Hydro Power Planning and Development 2. Tourism for information to tourist on climatebyofmedia 24 hours Bhutan and regions 1. Alternative renewal Energy Development Planning (Wind & Solar) 2. Setting plan for annual and cumulative targets for cereal production for coming five years. 3. Provide info on the tourist off season climate of eastern Bhutan 4. Hazard zone mapping Flood prone from rainfall, geographic and 1. areas 72 hr Forecast for hydropower socio-economic data. Dam production estimations, Weather Forecast regulation 2. Agriculture-Planting and harvesting. 3. Tourism- plan and operate the sectors (Trekking,Hiking & Site seeing) 4. Short Range forecast for Aviation + installation of Ceilometer & Doppler Radars.
28 DHMS Current and Plan Service Users cont. SERVICES CURRENT PLAN Extreme Weather & Flood Forecasting Snow, Heavy Rain, Cyclone watch advisory to DDM, Agriculture and Media 1. EWS to be set up for Flood and hazard weather warning. 2. SOP with DDM and other stakeholder to be developed. 3. DDM and Health agency to plan for evacuation and rescue. Monsoon Outlooks Agriculture 1. Improve the Average yield of crops by adaptation to yearly variation in rainfall patterns. 2. Estimate the Hydro power production and plan accordingly 3. Farmer to plan and manage cropping pattern Information from Socio-Economic Study on Improved Hydro-Meteorological Services in the Kingdom of Bhutan, FMI & DHMS 2014
29 THANK YOU
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