CONSTRUCTION MANUAL AND COMPUTER-AIDED CONSTRUCTION DRAWING HIGHER STUDY GUIDE 3. Construction drawings

Transcription

1 CONSTRUCTION MANUAL AND COMPUTER-AIDED CONSTRUCTION DRAWING HIGHER STUDY GUIDE 3 Construction drawings Construction: Manual and Computer-Aided Construction Drawing (Higher). Study Guide 3 1

2 Construction: Manual and Computer-Aided Construction Drawing (Higher). Study Guide 3 2

3 STUDY GUIDE 3: CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS INTRODUCTION Outcome 2 Prepare site layouts and general arrangement drawings for construction projects. On completion of this Outcome you should be able to: describe the types of drawing used for construction projects accurately prepare a scale site layout accurately prepare a general arrangement drawing for a small building project. Most of the drawing work you will undertake for the Outcome will be that required for the assessment assignments of the unit. Additional drawing work may be based on drawings required for assessment of the other two units of Higher Construction and for the external assessment project of the Higher course. Construction: Manual and Computer-Aided Construction Drawing (Higher). Study Guide 3 3

4 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION DRAWING This section deals with the various types of drawing required for a building project, from the conceptual design stage to the preparation of production drawings. These range from small scale drawings showing the location of a site in relation to local geographic and infrastructure features, to very large scale production drawings showing small details of the construction. Drawings produced in construction are used by various parties, for example: Structural Engineer Services Engineer Architect Planning Building Control Quantity Surveyor. Range of construction drawings Working from the smallest scale to the largest scale used the range may be summarised as follows: 1 Site Location Plans 2 Site Layout Plans 3 Sketch Drawings 4 General Arrangement Drawings (plans, sections and elevations) 5 Construction Details. There are also other pieces of information, some of which require drawings, these are: 1 Schedules for windows, doors, etc. 2 Specifications materials and construction. Construction: Manual and Computer-Aided Construction Drawing (Higher). Study Guide 3 4

5 The scales used for the five main types of construction drawing have been given in Study Guide 1 but are repeated again here. Use Scale Ratio Maps 1: l mm to l000m 1: l mm to 500m 1: l mm to 200m 1: l mm to 100m 1:50000 l mm to 50m Town surveys 1: mm to 50m 1:20000 l mm to 20m 1:10000 l mm to l0m 1:5000 l mm to 5m 1: mm to 2.5 m Survey Location Plans 1 : mm to 2.5 m 1:2000 l mm to 2m Location Plans 1:1250 l mm to l25m 1:1000 l mm to lm Site Layout Plans 1:500 l mm to 0.5m Site and key plans 1: mm to 1.25m 1:1000 l mm to lm 1:500 l mm to 0.5m Sketch schemes, etc. 1:200 1 mm to 0.2 m 1:100 l mm to 0.lm Location drawings 1:200 1 mm to 0.2 m (General Arrangement) 1:100 l mm to 0.lm 1:50 l mm to 0.05m Component and 1:20 1 mm to 0.02 m assembly detail 1:10 1 mm to 0.01m drawings 1:5 1 mm to 0.005m 1:1 Full size Other Drawings Plans and sections (longitudinal and cross) for roads Fabrication drawings for steelwork Drainage drawings Record drawings showing the building As Built The following pages show examples of the main types of construction drawings. NOTE: The drawings do not relate to the same construction project Construction: Manual and Computer-Aided Construction Drawing (Higher). Study Guide 3 5

6 To Dumfries Proposed House Site Town Head Roundabout To Dalbeattie To Town Centre To Auchen Location Plan This plan shows where the site is in relation to main roads. It gives directions to officials who may need to visit the site. The usual scale for this type of drawing is 1:2500 or 1:5000 Construction: Manual and Computer-Aided Construction Drawing (Higher). Study Guide 3 6

7 Construction: Manual and Computer-Aided Construction Drawing (Higher). Study Guide 3 7

8 FREEHAND SKETCH PLAN AND FRONT ELEVATION This type of sketch might be done by the Architect (or by the Client) as a way of working out the positions and approximate sizes of rooms, etc. It is easy to trace over and finalise the details though some adjustments are usually necessary when sizes are worked out and the sketches are drawn to scale. Construction: Manual and Computer-Aided Construction Drawing (Higher). Study Guide 3 8

9 Room Dimensions Lounge 4.50m by 4.05 Dining Room 3.45m by 3.60m Kitchen 2.95m by 3.20m Family Room 4.50 by 3.60m Utility Room 1.80 by 3.20m W.C. 0.90m by 2.60m Bed Room m by 4.90m Bed Room m by 2.75m Bed Room m by 2.75m Bed Room m by 3.35m Bathroom 1.45m by 2.75m Construction: Manual and Computer-Aided Construction Drawing (Higher). Study Guide 3 9

10 Typical House Ground Floor Plan The scale for this standard of detail would be 1:50 This is not re-produced to scale but will be approx. 1:70 TYPICAL SCALED SKETCH PLAN This type of drawing would be part of a set of designs shown to the Clients for them to make up their minds on which scheme to accept. The scale used for these is usually 1:100 as the amount of detail required is not critical Construction: Manual and Computer-Aided Construction Drawing (Higher). Study Guide 3 10

11 Typical Elevation Sheet for a two storey house The usual scale for these is 1:100 but if more detail is required a scale of 1:50 can be used with perhaps only two elevations on each sheet. Construction: Manual and Computer-Aided Construction Drawing (Higher). Study Guide 3 11

12 Typical Cross-section Through a Two-Storey House These sections are usually drawn at a scale of 1:50 and show heights and vertical angles which are not possible on plan views. Construction: Manual and Computer-Aided Construction Drawing (Higher). Study Guide 3 12

13 Typical Construction Detail Expanded Polystyrene Insulation Reinforced Concrete Lintel Casement Window Concrete Floor with Polythene Damp Proof Membrane Concrete Sill Concrete Strip Foundation SECTION THROUGH WALL The detail shows the cross-section through an external wall from foundation to above window head. The scale for his drawing would normally be 1:5 but if more detail was required this may go to 1:2 (Half full size) or even 1:1 (Full size). Construction: Manual and Computer-Aided Construction Drawing (Higher). Study Guide 3 13