Spark Ignition Engine Combustion
|
|
- Solomon Whitehead
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Spark Ignition Engine Combustion MAK 652E Lean Combustion in Stratified Charge Engines Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay Istanbul Technical University - Automotive Laboratories
2 Contents Introduction Lean combustion in engines Cycle-to-cycle variations Stratified charge engines Gasoline direct injection some applications
3 Engine Efficiency Thermal efficiency Heat losses Pumping losses Frictional losses p ~ V diagram, compression ratio cooling system, hot exhaust gases gas exchange process friction between moving parts Losses at = 1 best efficiency at = 1.1 to 1.3
4 Specific Fuel Consumption
5 SI Engines a) Full load b) Part load
6 Diesel vs Gasoline
7 Flame Speed and Thickness Lean mixture Rich mixture Lean mixture Rich mixture
8 Excess Air Factor For a homogeneous charge engine specific fuel consumption is minimum at around % lean mixture ( = ) slower combustion - ignition timing must be advanced when mixture is leaned cycle-to-cycle variations increase with lean mixtures
9 Cyclic Variations in Combustion For successive operating cycles, cylinder pressure versus time (or CA) shows substantial variations - due to variations occuring in combustion process : cycle-to-cycle variations Each individual cylinder can also have significant differences in the combustion process and pressure development between cylinders in a multicylinder engine : cylinder-to-cylinder variations
10 Cyclic Variations in Combustion Cyclic variations are caused by variations in, mixture motion within cylinder at the time of spark the amounts of air and fuel fed to the cylinder at each cycle the mixing of fresh mixture and residual gases within cylinder (especially in vicinity of spark plug) at each cycle Same phenomena applies to cylinder-to-cylinder differences
11 Cyclic Variations in Combustion Cycle-to-cyle variations are important for, optimum spark advance (effects engine power output and efficiency) and extreme cyclic variations limit engine operation. Fastest burning cycles with over-advanced spark timing have highest tendancy to knock - determine fuel octane requirement and limit compression ratio. Slowest burning cycles with retarded spark timing are most likely to burn incompletely - set practical lean operating limits, limit EGR which engine will tolerate. Variations in cylinder pressure correlate with variations in brake torque which is directly related to vehicle drivability
12 Measures for cycle-to-cycle Variations pressure related parameters max cylinder p, the crank angle at which max p occurs, max rate of p rise, crank angle at which (dp/d ) max occurs, indicated mean effective pressure. burn-rate related parameters max heat transfer rate, max mass burning rate, flame development angle ( d), rapid burning angle ( b)
13 Measures for cycle-to-cycle Variations flame front position parameters flame radius, flame front area, enflamed or burnt volume all at given times, flame arrival at given locations
14 Coefficient of Variation The coefficient of variation (COV) in indicated mean effective pressure standard deviation in indicated mean effective pressure (p ime ) divided by mean p ime expressed in percent (usually), COV imep p imep ime.100 vehicle driveability problems usually result when COV impe exceeds about 10 % COV increases by leaning the mixture
15 Cyclic Variations in Combustion Cyclic fluctuations have a similar effect as the adjustment of ignition timing
16 COV and Fuel Economy for GDI Engine Stratified charge DI (Direct injection) Homogeneous charge PFI (Port fuel injection)
17 SI Engine with Manifold Injection Multi-point injection Single-point injection (replaces carburetor)
18 SI Engine with Manifold Injection INTAKE VALVE INJECTOR. INTAKE MANIFOLD Solenoid injector Injection pressure of MPa (DI engines 15MPa) COMBUSTION CHAMBER Homogeneous charge PFI (Port fuel injection)
19 Stratified Charge Engines Since the first launch of DI gasoline engine in 1996 (mass production), Japanese and European manufacturers introduced this concept into the market Advantages, improvement of fuel economy reduction of CO2 emissions due to higher compression ratio higher specific heat ratio pumping loss reduction (lean burn, EGR) cooling loss reduction
20 Stratified Charge Engines
21 Stratified Charge Engines More effective at low load region Effect of lean burn is mainly due to higher specific heat ratio rather than reduction of pumping losses Effect of higher specific heat ratio is maintained at higher loads Higher specific heat ratio due to stable lean burn Higher CR due to higher knock resistance Pumping loss reductions due to lean burn (no throttling) Cooling loss reduction due to lowered burned gas temperature and mixture stratification
22 Stratified Charge Engines
23 General features 1) Lean Burn Thermal efficiency stable combustion at lean burn low pumping losses, low heat loss, high specific heat ratio low teperatures for burning gases NOx emissions in general depends on temperature, mixture ratio (available O2 and N2), time have to control equivalence ratio and temperatures for low NOx
24 General features 2) Lower Amounts of Fuel Escaping Combustion Port injection engines fuel is captured at the wall oil film and scraped fuel by piston motion burns rapidly under unsuitable conditions during exhaust stroke not a direct source for unburned HC emissions but reduces thermal efficiency DI engines air around cylinder liner do not contain fuel
25 General features 3) Improved Anti-knock Characteristics Charge cooling effect by evaporating fuel charge cooled by 15 K and end of combustion T reduced by 30 K Therefore, higher volumetric efficiency lower knock tendancy Lean mixture for reducing knock tendancy lean mixture at the end gas (away from spark plug) reduces knock tendancy
26 General features Two-stage mixing Early first injection, during early intake stroke (lean mixture) Second injection at late stages of compression stroke (stratified charge)
27 General features 4) Precise and Rapid Torque Management Port injection engines engine torque is controlled by throttling air intake slow responce Direct injection engines torque controlled by the injected fuel quantity rapid control hybrid vehicles idle-stop is possible fast start from idle-stop and acceleration
28 Starting Process
29 Two-stage Combustion Main fuel injection is during compression stroke, additional fuel injection at a later stage (expansion stroke) increases exhaust temperatures catalyst conversion efficiency increase But fuel consumption also increase
30 Stratified Slightly Lean Combustion Light-off temp of CO is about 150 o C Heat released as a result of CO oxidation Then HC s are oxidized
31 Stoichiometric GDI Engines High pressure fuel injection ( 5 to 20 MPa ) and precise timing to prevent impingement of fuel on piston and cylinder walls for low HC Charge cooling by evaporating spray ( ~ 15K ) allows higer CR (~12:1) - increased power (up to 15%) and fuel economy (3 5%)
32 Honda CVCC System Honda CIVIC ( CVCC : Compound Vortex Combustion Chamber )
33 Ford PROCO Combustion System Ford Programmed Combustion System
34 Texaco TCCS System Texaco Controlled Combustion System
35 DISC Combustion System
36 MAN FM Combustion System
37 Gasoline DI Concepts Wall-guided Air-guided Spray-guided Fuel economy o + ++ HC o + ++ PM o + ++ Power o - o to +
38 Wall-guided GDI Engines
39 Toyota GDI Engine
40 Mitsubishi GDI Engine
41 Spray-guided GDI Engines Provide expanded speed-load range for stratified charge operation - better fuel economy in comparison to the first generation GDI (wall-guided) fuel stratification does not depend on piston cavity or in-cylinder flow fluctuations in spray properties, droplet size effect performance new injectors are developed for spray-guided GDI engines
42 Injectors First generation GDI engines based on wallguided concept use mainly swirl type injectors New generation GDI engines use outward-opening and multi-hole injectors
43 Sprays Generated (a) Multi-hole (b) Outward-opening (c) Swirl-atomizer
44 Piezoelectric Outward-opening Pintle Injectors
45 Solenoid-driven Multi-hole Injectors Simple and less expensive system than piezoelectric outward-opening pintle injectors Advantages in flexibility in adjusting spray configuration to engine geometry, narrow cone angle of individual sprays, control of tip penetration and atomization through injection pressure and timing
46 Solenoid-driven Multi-hole Injectors
47 Multi-hole Nozzle Examples
48 Spray-guided GDI Engines Cylinder head configuration for spray-guided concept
49 Spray-guided GDI Engines Multi-hole injector for spray-guided GDI engines
50 Spray-guided GDI Engines Outward-opening injector for spray-guided GDI engines
51 DISI Engine Operation Modes
52 BMW Spray-Guided System
53 BMW 3L I6 HPI Engine
54 Mercedes Spray-Guided DISI Engine
55 Mercedes Spray-Guided DISI Engine
56 Specific Power and Fuel Consumption
57 Fuel Consumption Reduction Potential
58
Engine Heat Transfer. Engine Heat Transfer
Engine Heat Transfer 1. Impact of heat transfer on engine operation 2. Heat transfer environment 3. Energy flow in an engine 4. Engine heat transfer Fundamentals Spark-ignition engine heat transfer Diesel
More informationDirect fuel injection
Types of Fuel Injection Schemes Direct (cylinder) injection Port injection Manifold riser injection GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) Direct fuel injection inlet port and manifold riser injection These terms
More informationINTERNAL COMBUSTION RECIPROCATING PISTON ENGINES
INTERNAL COMBUSTION RECIPROCATING PISTON ENGINES TYPES OF RECIPROCATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES Depending on the ignition pattern: Otto cycle (spark-ignition - SI engines), Diesel cycle (auto-ignition
More informationPrinciples of Engine Operation
Internal Combustion Engines ME 422 Yeditepe Üniversitesi Principles of Engine Operation Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay Information Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Makina Fakültesi Otomotiv Laboratuvarı
More informationINTERNAL COMBUSTION (IC) ENGINES
INTERNAL COMBUSTION (IC) ENGINES An IC engine is one in which the heat transfer to the working fluid occurs within the engine itself, usually by the combustion of fuel with the oxygen of air. In external
More informationEXPERIMENT NO. 3. Aim: To study the construction and working of 4- stroke petrol / diesel engine.
EXPERIMENT NO. 3 Aim: To study the construction and working of 4- stroke petrol / diesel engine. Theory: A machine or device which derives heat from the combustion of fuel and converts part of this energy
More informationHydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines
Hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines Contents: Introduction External mixture formation for hydrogen operated engines Experimental engine for hydrogen in Stralsund Internal mixture formation
More informationCONVERGE Features, Capabilities and Applications
CONVERGE Features, Capabilities and Applications CONVERGE CONVERGE The industry leading CFD code for complex geometries with moving boundaries. Start using CONVERGE and never make a CFD mesh again. CONVERGE
More informationOptimization of Operating Parameters for a 2-stroke DI Engine with KIVA 3V and a Genetic Algorithm Search Technique
Optimization of Operating Parameters for a 2-stroke DI Engine with KIVA 3V and a Genetic Algorithm Search Technique Mark N. Subramaniam and Rolf D. Reitz Engine Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
More informationThe 2.0l FSI engine with 4-valve technology
Service Training Self-study programme 322 The 2.0l FSI engine with 4-valve technology Design and function The 2.0l engine is based on the tried and tested 827/113 series. Thanks to FSI technology (Fuel
More informationA.Pannirselvam*, M.Ramajayam, V.Gurumani, S.Arulselvan and G.Karthikeyan *(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Annamalai University)
A.Pannirselvam, M.Ramajayam, V.Gurumani, S.Arulselvan, G.Karthikeyan / International Journal of Vol. 2, Issue 2,Mar-Apr 212, pp.19-27 Experimental Studies on the Performance and Emission Characteristics
More informationExhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel. engine with addition of ethanol
www.ijaser.com 2014 by the authors Licensee IJASER- Under Creative Commons License 3.0 editorial@ijaser.com Research article ISSN 2277 9442 Exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine with addition
More informationCOMBUSTION PROCESS IN CI ENGINES
COMBUSTION PROCESS IN CI ENGINES In SI engine, uniform A: : F mixture is supplied, but in CI engine A: : F mixture is not homogeneous and fuel remains in liquid particles, therefore quantity of air supplied
More informationLean Burn Natural Gas Operation vs. Stoichiometric Operation with EGR and a Three Way Catalyst Einewall, Patrik; Tunestål, Per; Johansson, Bengt
Lean Burn Natural Gas Operation vs. Stoichiometric Operation with EGR and a Three Way Catalyst Einewall, Patrik; Tunestål, Per; Johansson, Bengt Published in: SAE Special Publications Published: -1-1 Link
More informationE - THEORY/OPERATION
E - THEORY/OPERATION 1995 Volvo 850 1995 ENGINE PERFORMANCE Volvo - Theory & Operation 850 INTRODUCTION This article covers basic description and operation of engine performance-related systems and components.
More informationInternal Combustion Engines
Lecture-18 Prepared under QIP-CD Cell Project Internal Combustion Engines Ujjwal K Saha, Ph.D. Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 1 Combustion in CI Engine Combustion
More informationEngineering, Bharathiyar College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikal, Pondicherry 609 609, India
74 The Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal, 2008, 1, 74-78 Open Access Some Comparative Performance and Emission Studies on DI Diesel Engine Fumigated with Methanol and Methyl Ethyl Ketone Using Microprocessor
More informationEngine Efficiency and Power Density: Distinguishing Limits from Limitations
Engine Efficiency and Power Density: Distinguishing Limits from Limitations Chris F. Edwards Advanced Energy Systems Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University Exergy to Engines
More informationElectronic Diesel Control EDC 16
Service. Self-Study Programme 304 Electronic Diesel Control EDC 16 Design and Function The new EDC 16 engine management system from Bosch has its debut in the V10-TDI- and R5-TDI-engines. Increasing demands
More informationCombustion and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas Engine under Different Operating Conditions
Environ. Eng. Res. Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 95~101, 2009 Korean Society of Environmental Engineers Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas Engine under Different Operating Conditions Haeng
More informationThe Ogunmuyiwa Engine Cycle
The Ogunmuyiwa Engine Cycle Dapo Ogunmuyiwa M.Sc VDI Chairman / CEO Tel: (+49) 162 961 04 50 E-mail: Dapo.Ogunmuyiwa@omttec.eu Ogunmuyiwa Motorentechnik GmbH Technologie- und Gruenderzentrum (TGZ) Am Roemerturm
More informationEXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION OF DIESEL ENGINE BY USING DIESEL RK
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET) International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 6359
More informationFuel Requirements for HCCI Engine Operation. Tom Ryan Andrew Matheaus Southwest Research Institute
Fuel Requirements for HCCI Engine Operation Tom Ryan Andrew Matheaus Southwest Research Institute 1 HCCI Fuel & Air Charge Undergoes Compression Spontaneous Reaction Throughout Cylinder Low Temperature
More informationInternal Combustion Optical Sensor (ICOS)
Internal Combustion Optical Sensor (ICOS) Optical Engine Indication The ICOS System In-Cylinder Optical Indication 4air/fuel ratio 4exhaust gas concentration and EGR 4gas temperature 4analysis of highly
More informationCFD Simulation of HSDI Engine Combustion Using VECTIS
CFD Simulation of HSDI Engine Combustion Using VECTIS G. Li, S.M. Sapsford Ricardo Consulting Engineer s Ltd., Shoreham-by-Sea, UK ABSTRACT As part of the VECTIS code validation programme, CFD simulations
More informationCLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES VARIOUS TYPES OF ENGINES
CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES VARIOUS TYPES OF ENGINES CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 1. Application 2. Basic Engine Design 3. Operating Cycle 4. Working Cycle 5. Valve/Port
More informationUS Heavy Duty Fleets - Fuel Economy
US Heavy Duty Fleets - Fuel Economy Feb. 22, 2006 Anthony Greszler Vice President Advanced Engineering VOLVO POWERTRAIN CORPORATION Drivers for FE in HD Diesel Pending oil shortage Rapid oil price increases
More informationPERFORMANCE & EMISSION OPTIMIZATION OF SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE TO MEET BS-IV NORMS
PERFORMANCE & EMISSION OPTIMIZATION OF SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE TO MEET BS-IV NORMS Mayur S. Sawade 1, Sandeep S. Kore 2 1 Student, Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Maharashtra,
More informationHydrogen Addition For Improved Lean Burn Capability of Slow and Fast Burning Natural Gas Combustion Chambers
-- Hydrogen Addition For Improved Lean Burn Capability of Slow and Fast Burning Natural Gas Combustion Chambers Per Tunestål, Magnus Christensen, Patrik Einewall, Tobias Andersson, Bengt Johansson Lund
More informationDiesel injection, ignition, and fuel air mixing
Diesel injection, ignition, and fuel air mixing 1. Fuel spray phenomena. Spontaneous ignition 3. Effects of fuel jet and charge motion on mixingcontrolled combustion 4. Fuel injection hardware 5. Challenges
More informationPollution by 2-Stroke Engines
Pollution by 2-Stroke Engines By Engr. Aminu Jalal National Automotive Council At The Nigerian Conference on Clean Air, Clean Fuels and Vehicles, Abuja, 2-3 May 2006 Introduction to the 2-Stroke Engine
More informationChapters 7. Performance Comparison of CI and SI Engines. Performance Comparison of CI and SI Engines con t. SI vs CI Performance Comparison
Chapters 7 SI vs CI Performance Comparison Performance Comparison of CI and SI Engines The CI engine cycle can be carried out in either 2 or 4 strokes of the piston, with the 4-cycle CI engine being more
More informationLight Duty Natural Gas Engine Characterization THESIS
Light Duty Natural Gas Engine Characterization THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David
More informationRESEARCH PROJECTS. For more information about our research projects please contact us at: info@naisengineering.com
RESEARCH PROJECTS For more information about our research projects please contact us at: info@naisengineering.com Or visit our web site at: www.naisengineering.com 2 Setup of 1D Model for the Simulation
More informationMalmö Hydrogen and CNG/Hydrogen filling station and Hythane bus project
Malmö Hydrogen and CNG/Hydrogen filling station and Hythane bus project Bengt Ridell Carl Bro Energikonsult AB, Sweden, 2005-04-15 bengt.ridell@carlbro.se 1. Background The largest private utility company
More informationCylinder Pressure in a Spark-Ignition Engine: A Computational Model
J. Undergrad. Sci. 3: 141-145 (Fall 1996) Engineering Sciences Cylinder Pressure in a Spark-Ignition Engine: A Computational Model PAULINA S. KUO The project described in this article attempts to accurately
More informationHomogeneous Charge Compression Ignition the future of IC engines?
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition the future of IC engines? Prof. Bengt Johansson Lund Institute of Technology at Lund University ABSTRACT The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine, HCCI,
More informationChapter 19 - Common Rail High Pressure Fuel Injection Systems
Chapter 19 - Common Rail High Pressure Fuel Injection Systems Diesel Engine Technology For Automotive Technicians Understanding & Servicing Contemporary Clean Diesel Technology What is Common Rail? Common
More informationCATALYTIC CONVERTER TESTS
CATALYTIC CONVERTER TESTS 1. CRANKING TEST There is typically little (390 to 400 PPM at sea level) CO 2 present in the atmosphere. CO 2 is a product of combustion. Therefore any carbon dioxide emissions
More informationMarine Piston Damage By Tom Benton, Marine Surveyor
Marine Piston Damage By Tom Benton, Marine Surveyor In the last several years I have noticed an increase in the number of outboard motors which have sustained piston damage, and several cases in V-8 inboard
More informationJing Sun Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI USA
Automotive Powertrain Controls: Fundamentals and Frontiers Jing Sun Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI USA Julie Buckland Research & Advanced Engineering
More informationTechnical and Sales Information. Diesel Glow Plugs
Diesel Glow Plugs This booklet is intended for your use as a sales and technical training reference. It answers the questions most commonly asked by: Automotive parts sales professionals Automotive parts
More informationDear Reader, Quality is an attribute that all OEMs and suppliers covet; so much so, it is highlighted in most corporate mission state ments.
Sales figures of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) indicate a significant growth of this market segment, especially in the U.S. and Japan. Series production developments are taking place even in Korea and
More informationOPTIMISATION OF THE 2.2 LITER HIGH SPEED DIESEL ENGINE FOR PROPOSED BHARAT STAGE 5 EMISSION NORMS IN INDIA
Ghodke, P. R., Suryawanshi, J. G.: Optimisation of the 2.2 Liter High Speed Diesel... THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2014, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 169-178 169 OPTIMISATION OF THE 2.2 LITER HIGH SPEED DIESEL ENGINE
More informationMECHANICAL ENGINEERING EXPERIMENTATION AND LABORATORY II EXPERIMENT 490.07 ENGINE PERFORMANCE TEST
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING EXPERIMENTATION AND LABORATORY II EXPERIMENT 490.07 ENGINE PERFORMANCE TEST 1. Objectives To determine the variation of the brake torque, brake mean effective pressure, brake power,
More informationCOMBUSTION. In order to operate a heat engine we need a hot source together with a cold sink
COMBUSTION In order to operate a heat engine we need a hot source together with a cold sink Occasionally these occur together in nature eg:- geothermal sites or solar powered engines, but usually the heat
More informationCATALYTIC CONVERTER THEORY, OPERATION AND TESTING
CATALYTIC CONVERTER THEORY, OPERATION AND TESTING 2 The gasoline used in the modern automobile is a complex blend of both straight and branched chain hydrocarbons. In simpler terms it is a mixture of different
More informationLotus Service Notes Section EMR
ENGINE MANAGEMENT SECTION EMR Sub-Section Page Diagnostic Trouble Code List EMR.1 3 Component Function EMR.2 7 Component Location EMR.3 9 Diagnostic Guide EMR.4 11 CAN Bus Diagnostics; Lotus TechCentre
More informationDIMEG - University of L Aquila ITALY EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVITY ENGINE LABORATORY
DIMEG - University of L Aquila ITALY EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVITY ENGINE LABORATORY Torre di Raffreddamento Bilan cia Combustibile DIMEG:ENGINE LABORATORY PLANTS Torre di Raffreddamento P C o o z l z d o P C
More informationA Practical Guide to Free Energy Devices
A Practical Guide to Free Energy Devices Part PatE21: Last updated: 15th January 2011 Author: Patrick J. Kelly This patent describes methods for altering HHO gas so that it can be used in vehicle engines
More informationADVANCED I.C ENGINES G.PRANESH 4/23/2013 B.E (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)
2013 ADVANCED I.C ENGINES G.PRANESH B.E (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING) 4/23/2013 ME2041 ADVANCED I.C. ENGINES L T P C 3 0 0 3 OBJECTIVES: To update the knowledge in engine exhaust emission control and alternate
More informationLaws and price drive interest in LNG as marine fuel
Laws and price drive interest in LNG as marine fuel The use of LNG as a marine fuel is one of the hottest topics in shipping. This growing interest is driven by legislation and price. By Henrique Pestana
More informationREDESIGN OF THE INTAKE CAMS OF A FORMULA STUDENT RACING CAR
FISITA2010-SC-P-24 REDESIGN OF THE INTAKE CAMS OF A FORMULA STUDENT RACING CAR Sándor, Vass Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary KEYWORDS valvetrain, camshaft, cam, Formula Student,
More informationCombustion characteristics of LNG
Combustion characteristics of LNG LNG Fuel Forum, Stockholm 21. September 2011 Øyvind Buhaug, Principal Engineer - Fuels and Engine Technology, Statoil Content LNG compositions in the global market LNG
More informationUnit 8. Conversion Systems
Unit 8. Conversion Systems Objectives: After completing this unit the students should be able to: 1. Describe the Basic conversion systems 2. Describe main conversion kit types. 3. Describe how the CNG
More informationFault codes DM1. Industrial engines DC09, DC13, DC16. Marine engines DI09, DI13, DI16 INSTALLATION MANUAL. 03:10 Issue 5.0 en-gb 1
Fault codes DM1 Industrial engines DC09, DC13, DC16 Marine engines DI09, DI13, DI16 03:10 Issue 5.0 en-gb 1 DM1...3 Abbreviations...3 Fault type identifier...3...4 03:10 Issue 5.0 en-gb 2 DM1 DM1 Fault
More information6. VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing-intelligent) System
38 ENGE 1ZZ-FE ENGE 6. VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing-intelligent) System General This system controls the intake camshaft valve timing so as to obtain balance between the engine output, fuel consumption
More informationTurbo Tech 101 ( Basic )
Turbo Tech 101 ( Basic ) How a Turbo System Works Engine power is proportional to the amount of air and fuel that can get into the cylinders. All things being equal, larger engines flow more air and as
More information1. Introduction Older cars and motorcycles must be in a good state of repair and properly tuned to get best performance.
Fuel News Tuning Vehicles to Run on PETROL 1. Introduction Older cars and motorcycles must be in a good state of repair and properly tuned to get best performance. The following sections outline reasons
More informationFully Automatic In-cylinder Workflow Using HEEDS / es-ice / STAR-CD
Fully Automatic In-cylinder Workflow Using HEEDS / es-ice / STAR-CD Simon Fischer Senior ICE Application Support Engineer CD-adapco Nuremberg Office Gerald Schmidt Director/Powertrain - CD-adapco New York
More information- Service Bulletin - Pistons.
Normal combustion: is smooth and even from the spark plug through the top of the chamber. 1 2 3 Spark occurs Combustion moves smoothly across chamber Combustion and power completed Pre-Ignition: occurs
More informationReview of the prospects for using hydrogen as a fuel source in internal combustion engines
Review of the prospects for using hydrogen as a fuel source in internal combustion engines H2FC Working Paper No. 2 April 2015 Samuel L. Weeks UCL Energy Institute, University College London Central House,
More informationCombustion process in high-speed diesel engines
Combustion process in high-speed diesel engines Conventional combustion characteristics New combustion concept characteristics Benefits and drawbacks Carlo Beatrice Istituto Motori CNR The Requirements
More informationDaimler s Super Truck Program; 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency
Daimler s Super Truck Program; 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency 2012 Directions in Engine-Efficiency and Emissions Research (DEER) Conference Marc Allain, David Atherton, Igor Gruden, Sandeep Singh, Kevin
More informationNatural Gas, an Alternative
Natural Gas, an Alternative Potential to reduce Green House Gases The Natural Gas Alternative: Development Requirements for future Light-Duty Applications Special Edition Summary The Natural Gas Alternative:
More informationAnalysis of knocking phenomena in a high performance engine
Analysis of knocking phenomena in a high performance engine Federico Millo, Luciano Rolando 1 st GTI Italian User Conference March 18 th, 2013 Turin OUTLINE Introduction Experimental setup Results & discussion
More informationWater/Methanol Injection: Frequently Asked Questions
Water/Methanol Injection: Frequently Asked Questions Water/methanol injection is nothing new. It has been used as far back as World War II to help power German fighter planes. Yet it never seemed to catch
More informationThe Mazda way to improve relations between people, the automobile and the planet
New Technology [Reference exhibit] The Mazda way to improve relations between people, the automobile and the planet Mazda is committed to creating better relations between the motorized society and the
More informationPRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF DIESEL ENGINE WITH ADDITIONAL INJECTION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL
Journal of KONES Internal Combustion Engines 2002 No. 3 4 ISSN 1231 4005 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF DIESEL ENGINE WITH ADDITIONAL INJECTION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL Andrzej Kowalewicz, Grzegorz Pawlak Technical
More informationWHY WOULD A NATURAL GAS ENGINE NEED A PARTICLE FILTER? Gordon McTaggart-Cowan 09-02-2016
WHY WOULD A NATURAL GAS ENGINE NEED A PARTICLE FILTER? Gordon McTaggart-Cowan 09-02-2016 Outline» NG vehicles context (3 min)» Why NG? (5 min)» NG engine technologies (7 min)» Particulate matter emissions
More informationNatural Gas and Transportation
1 M.J. Bradley & Associates Potential for NG as a Vehicle Fuel Natural Gas and Transportation Options for Effective Resource Management Dana Lowell Senior Consultant Roundtable on Low Sulfur and Alternative
More informationComparative Assessment of Blended and Fumigated Ethanol in an Agriculture Diesel Engine
Petrotech-21 31 October-3 November 21, New Delhi, India Paper ID : 2115 Comparative Assessment of Blended and Fumigated Ethanol in an Agriculture Diesel Engine Naveen Kumar* 1, Hari Singh Rathour 2 1 Professor,
More informationMIXED HYDROGEN/NATURAL GAS (HCNG) TECHNOLOGY- VISIT AT COLLIER TECHNOLOIES
ARIELI ASSOCIATES MANAGEMENT, ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS CONSULTING Report No. 1108 MIXED HYDROGEN/NATURAL GAS (HCNG) TECHNOLOGY- VISIT AT COLLIER TECHNOLOIES -2-1. INTRODUCTION As a California transit
More informationFUEL & FUEL SYSTEM PROPERTIES OF FUEL
FUEL & FUEL SYSTEM PROPERTIES OF FUEL Fuel is a substance consumed by the engine to produce energy. The common fuels for internal combustion engines are: 1. Petrol 2. Power kerosene 3. High speed diesel
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF VARIABLE VALVE ACTUATION ON THE PART LOAD FUEL ECONOMY OF A MODERN LIGHT-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE
--8 THE INFLUENCE OF VARIABLE VALVE ACTUATION ON THE PART LOAD FUEL ECONOMY OF A MODERN LIGHT-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE Copyright 998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. Tim Lancefield Mechadyne International
More informationENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
36 ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The construction and functions of the new 1MZ-FE engine includes the following modifications and additions in comparison with the 1MZ-FE engine installed on the 98
More informationSpark Ignited Natural Gas Engine Technology
Spark Ignited Natural Gas Engine Technology Clean Fleets Technology Conference Sugar Land, TX, June 2014 Jorge Gonzalez Regional Manager Agenda Corporate Overview Natural Gas Technology Evolution Products
More informationGasoline engines. Diesel engines. Hybrid fuel cell vehicles. Model Predictive Control in automotive systems R. Scattolini, A.
Model Predictive Control in automotive systems R. Scattolini, A. Miotti Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione Outline Gasoline engines Diesel engines Hybrid fuel cell vehicles Gasoline engines 3 System
More informationFlow and Mixture Optimization for a Fuel Stratification Engine Using PIV and PLIF Techniques
Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience Flow and Mixture Optimization for a Fuel Stratification Engine Using PIV and PLIF Techniques This content has been downloaded from IOPscience.
More informationFuture directions in natural gas injection: Is CNG an alternative to gasoline or Diesel for passenger cars?
Future directions in natural gas injection: Is CNG an alternative to gasoline or Diesel for passenger cars? Jean-Francois Preuhs, Guy Hoffmann, Joachim Kiefer, Camille Feyder Bascharage, 6. November 2014
More informationKolbenschmidt Pierburg Group
Kolbenschmidt Pierburg Group Exhaust Gas Recirculation Reducing Emissions with Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems Pierburg exhaust gas recirculation contributing to a clean environment for more than 30
More informationSTUDY OF INJECTION PARAMETERS ON PERFORMANCE AND FUEL CONSUMPTION IN A PORT-INJECTED GASOLINE ENGINE WITH EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL METHODS
TOME VI (year 2008), FASCICULE 2, (ISSN 1584 2665) STUDY OF INJECTION PARAMETERS ON PERFORMANCE AND FUEL CONSUMPTION IN A PORT-INJECTED GASOLINE ENGINE WITH EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL METHODS F. OMMI
More informationOD1619 PRINCIPLES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
SUBCOURSE OD1619 EDITION 8 PRINCIPLES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES US ARMY BRADLEY FIGHTING VEHICLE SYSTEMS MECHANIC CORRESPONDENCE COURSE MOS/SKILL LEVEL: 63T30 PRINCIPLES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
More informationPresent Scenario of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a Vehicular fuel in Bangladesh
Present Scenario of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a Vehicular fuel in Bangladesh Salma A. Iqbal 1, M. Iqbal 2 and A.F.M. Salauddin 3 1. Department of Chemical Engineering & Polymer Science 2. Department
More informationTechnical Solutions for Emissions Reduction
Genera 2015 Technical Solutions for Emissions Reduction Juan Nogales GE Power & Water Madrid, February 24, 2015 2015 General Electric Company. All rights reserved. This material may not be copied or distributed
More informationSTATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN NATURAL GAS ENGINE TECHNOLOGIES
Proceedings of DEER 2003: Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Newport, Rhode Island, August 2003 STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN NATURAL GAS ENGINE TECHNOLOGIES Mark Dunn, Cummins Westport Inc.
More informationPERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A CONVENTIONAL DIESEL ENGINE RUNNING IN DUAL FUEL MODE WITH DIESEL & LPG
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 6, Issue 11, Nov 2015, pp. 64-76, Article ID: IJMET_06_11_008 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=6&itype=11
More informationEffect of GTL Diesel Fuels on Emissions and Engine Performance
Rudolf R. Maly Research and Technology, Stuttgart Effect of GTL Diesel Fuels on Emissions and Engine Performance 10th Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Conference August 29 - September 2, 2004 Coronado,
More informationFuel Consumption Studies of Spark Ignition Engine Using Blends of Gasoline with Bioethanol
Fuel Consumption Studies of Spark Ignition Engine Using Blends of Gasoline with Bioethanol 208 V. Pirs, D. Berjoza, G. Birzietis, and I. Dukulis Motor Vehicle Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Latvia
More informationFumigation; an Experimental Investigation
Vol.2, Issue.4, July-Aug. pp-6-91 ISSN: 2249-6645 Diesel Emission Control. by and Ethanol Fumigation; an Experimental Investigation Gurumoorthy S. Hebbar 1, Anantha Krishna Bhat 2 1 Corresponding Author,
More informationThe Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Systems in Stationary Natural Gas Engines. The Engine Manufacturers Association August 2004
www.enginemanufacturers.org Two North LaSalle Street Suite 2200 Chicago, Illinois 60602 Tel: 312/827-8700 Fax: 312/827-8737 The Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Systems in Stationary Natural Gas
More informationAUTOMOTIVE GAS OIL. Robert Shisoka Hydrocarbon Management Consultancy
AUTOMOTIVE GAS OIL Robert Shisoka Hydrocarbon Management Consultancy AUTOMOTIVE GAS OIL AUTOMOTIVE GAS OIL COMMON TERMS Fossil Fuels From Organic Matter Over Millions of Years (Natural Gas, Crude Oil,
More informationON-Board Diagnostic Trouble Codes
ON-Board Diagnostic Trouble Codes The list below contains standard diagnostic trouble codes (DTC s) that are used by some manufacturers to identify vehicle problems. The codes provide below are generic
More informationTypical ECM/PCM Inputs
Typical ECM/PCM Inputs The computer system components fall into two categories: sensors (inputs) and controlled components (outputs). Each system has sensors. Not every system has all the ones listed,
More informationAn idle speed controller for reduced cyclic variability and fuel consumption
An idle controller for reduced cyclic variability and fuel consumption Chris Manzie and Harry Watson Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC 31,
More informationCOMMON RAIL SYSTEM (CRS) SERVICE MANUAL: Operation
ISUZU ELF 4HK1/4JJ1 Engine COMMON RAIL SYSTEM (CRS) SERVICE MANUAL: Operation Issued : June 2007 Revised : July 2009 00400601EA 2009 DENSO CORPORATION All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced
More informationMalmö Hydrogen and CNG/Hydrogen filling station and Hythane bus project
WHEC 16 / 13-16 June 2006 Lyon France 1(10) Malmö Hydrogen and CNG/Hydrogen filling station and Hythane bus project Bengt Ridell Carl Bro Energikonsult AB, Sweden, 2006-04-21 bengt.ridell@carlbro.se Abstract:
More informationCHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL SET UP 3.1 INTRODUCTION The emission tests were conducted on an Izusu, four stroke, 4 cylinder petrol engine test-rig with hydraulic dynamometer loading system. The specifications
More information