SATELLITE IMAGERY LINEAMENT STUDY & EXPLORATION DATA COMPILATION MSM PROPERTY

Transcription

1 SATELLITE IMAGERY LINEAMENT STUDY & EXPLORATION DATA COMPILATION on the MSM PROPERTY Dease Lake Area Northern British Columbia, Canada NTS Map Sheets 104H/14E, /15W, 104I/2W, /3E Latitude 58 00' N, Longitude ' W Prepared for Garibaldi Resources Corp. Suite 1150, 409 Granville Street, Vancouver, B.C. V6C 1T2 By Jeffrey D. Rowe, B.Sc. P.Geo. C.J. Greig & Associates Ltd. 729 Okanagan Ave E., Penticton, B.C. V2A 3K7 June 25, 2014

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Summary Location, Access, Physiography, Climate and Vegetation Claims Geology Regional Geology Regional Mineral Prospects Property Geology Local Mineral Occurrences Geochemistry Geophysics Previous Work Present Program Satellite Image Lineament Study Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Work References Statement of Expenditures Author's Qualifications 30 List of Figures Figure 1. MSM Property Location Map... 3 Figure 2. MSM Claims and Tenure Numbers... 5 Figure 3. Regional Geology and Mineral Deposits... 6 Figure 4. Regional Geology Legend... 7 Figure 5. Property Geology and Minfile Mineral Occurrences Figure 6. Minfile Mineral Occurrences and Rock Samples >0.2% Copper Figure 7. Copper Stream Sediment Geochemistry... 16

3 Figure 8. Silver Stream Sediment Geochemistry Figure 9. Gold Stream Sediment Geochemistry Figure 10. Aeromagnetics First Vertical Derivative and Magnetic Trends Figure 11. Geology, Airborne Magnetic Trends and Minfile Mineral Occurrences Figure 12. Satellite Image with Lineaments (NNE-Trends in Yellow, All Others in Green) Figure 13. Geology with Satellite Image Lineaments (NNE-Trends in Yellow, All Others in Green) List of Tables Table 1. MSM Claims List

4 1 1.0 Summary The MSM property is an early-stage porphyry copper prospect located in northwest British Columbia, 73 km southeast of the village of Dease Lake. The 58 square kilometre property lies along the Stikine Arch, which is the locus for several major deposits in the region, and it is underlain by the same lithologic units that host the world class copper-gold porphyry deposits at Galore Creek (165 kilometres to the southwest) and Red Chris (50 kilometres to the southwest). While access to the property is currently via helicopter, a bulldozer tote road was built to the property in 1969, extending approximately 50 km from the Stewart-Cassiar highway. The property has moderate relief, with about 60 percent vegetation cover; bedrock is well exposed above treeline, which extends to about 1500 m elevation. The MSM property is underlain by Triassic to Jurassic Stuhini Group volcanic and lesser sedimentary rocks with local cappings of Lower Jurassic to Mid Cretaceous Bowser Lake Group sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The Hotailuh intrusive complex is located immediately to the northwest of the property and a small diorite body mapped on the south side of the property may be coeval. Regional, NNE-trending faults have been mapped on the property and stronglydeveloped jointing has been noted, with NNE and NW orientations predominating. Known mineralized zones on the MSM property, and on adjacent properties to the north and west, show characteristics of porphyry copper deposits. However, most work on the property has been concentrated on two mineralized shear zones, known as the Bonus and No.1 occurrences, and there are extensive areas of the property that have seen little or no previous exploration. The Bonus showing consists of copper-silver mineralization hosted in a shear zone associated with a steeply dipping, NNE-trending fault. The shear zone cuts brecciated dacite porphyry, is up to 13 metres wide and is mineralized across its width by malachite, azurite, chrysocolla and chalcocite, mainly as breccia matrix-fillings. Potassium feldspar alteration has been noted in the shear zone, along with clay, carbonate and silica, and it has been speculated that intrusive rocks may be present below the occurrence. Chip samples across the Bonus zone averaged up to 1.94 percent copper and 35.7 g/t silver over 10.0 metres. Four short holes drilled in 1971 intersected disseminated chalcocite and bornite with copper oxides, returning up to 0.49% Cu and 8.6 g/t Ag over 6.1 m. The No.1 occurrence is located 1.8 km southwest of the Bonus zone. It consists of a north-striking shear vein which ranges in width between 0.6 and 1.5 metres. Some high grades, including 5.94% Cu and 41.5 g/t Ag, have been reported, although no widths were indicated and so it is assumed that the samples were grabs from narrow mineralized veins. A single hole was drilled in this zone, but the best reported intercept returned only 0.2% Cu and trace Ag over 30 cm. In the late 1960 s or early 1970 s, bulldozer trenching was undertaken in the areas of two showings located about 2 km south of No.1 zone, and it revealed a NNW-trending mineralized

5 2 fracture zone, approximately 40 m to 75 m in width, cross-cutting Stuhini Group porphyritic andesite. Chalcocite in the fracture zone occurs as fissure fillings accompanied by masses of epidote, zeolite, aragonite and malachite. Unfortunately, there are no public records of sampling from these trenches, and the only result noted was a 0.6 x 3 m panel sample that assayed 0.21% copper. On the west side of the property, Stuhini Group porphyritic andesite hosts two mineral showings comprising chalcopyrite and associated pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite and hematite, all occurring in northwest-oriented fissures. Composite rock chip samples across 1.5 metre widths at one of the showings averaged 0.15% copper, 0.17 g/t gold and 6.8 g/t silver and individual samples assayed up to 2.01% copper and 1.36 g/t gold. It may be significant that higher gold values are found in this area, as it is closest to the contact of the Hotailuh batholith, which is only 1000 m to the west. Like many mineral properties, the MSM property has had an extended history of exploration, from at least as far back as Most of that exploration was focused on the mineral showings on the northeastern part of the property, which represents only 15% of the property. Historic work on this part of the property included stream sediment, soil and rock geochemical sampling, geological mapping, several kilometres of bulldozer trenching, VLF-EM surveying and diamond drilling of 5 short holes. Perhaps significantly, this area has never received Induced Polarization (IP) surveying, which is commonly used for definition of porphyry mineralization. The remainder of the property has received little exploration work. Government funded regional-scale programs of stream sediment geochemistry have provided a few wide-spaced samples from the western area and a recent airborne magnetic survey has produced detailed magnetic maps of the entire property. This report represents an interpretation of satellite imagery in the property area, as well as a compilation of all available exploration data for the MSM property. The aim of this work was to determine the most favourable areas on the property in which to focus future exploration. Lineaments were plotted on a georeferenced satellite image, mainly in order to identify common trends for structures that may have controlled mineralization. The identified lineaments have predominant NNE and NW trends and they correspond to common trends of joints and shears observed in the field, as well as with many linear magnetic features. The reported mineral occurrences also are commonly hosted by structures with these particular orientations, suggesting that lineaments may provide important indications for focussing further exploration work. Copper porphyry deposits typically have strong structural control, with mineralization occurring as stockworks and veinlets oriented preferentially along joints or fractures in the host rock. These zones of relatively intense fracturing may be related to regional structures, such as the NNEtrending faults mapped on the MSM property. They may have acted as a favourable plumbing system for the emplacement of copper or copper-gold-silver mineralizing systems.

6 3 Based on the shear and fracture-hosted styles of mineralization known on the MSM property, on strong magnetic highs that are coincident with linear structures, and on the presence of stream sediment geochemical anomalies from wide-spaced sampling, it is recommended that further exploration be undertaken on the MSM property. The recommended program, in its preliminary stage, would consist of the collection of approximately 150 stream sediment samples and 200 reconnaissance contour soil samples, at an estimated cost of $38, Location, Access, Physiography, Climate and Vegetation The claims lie on NTS sheets 104H/l4E, /15W; 104I/2W, /3E at approximately 58 00' N latitude, ' W longitude, or 495,000E, 6,428,700N (UTM NAD83, Zone9). The property is 73 km southeast of the community of Dease Lake, B.C.; and approximately 50 km east of the Stewart- Cassiar Highway (fig.1). Figure 1. MSM Property Location Map

7 4 Access to the property is by helicopter or by float-equipped aircraft from Dease Lake to an unnamed pair of lakes located 5 km northeast of the property, thence by foot or helicopter to the claims. There is also a winter caterpillar tote road to the property from the Stewart-Cassiar highway via the Stikine River. There are no camp facilities on the property. The claims are underlain by a small mountain range, approximately 2080 m A.S.L. at its highest point. The lowest point is about 1000 m elevation at the south edge of the property. The slopes are moderately steep, with local rugged, north-facing cirques, and more-subdued south-facing slopes. Tree line extends to about 1500 m elevation. Forest cover consists of spruce and balsam grading to dwarf balsam and grasses in the alpine. Water is plentiful in the streams at the base of the range; the highest dependable supply being at the 1500 m level on most parts of the claims. Streams drain predominantly north, south or west and form part of the Stikine River drainage basin. The MSM property is located in an area subject to warm summers and cold winters, with low to moderate precipitation. Annual precipitation is about 400 mm, including average snowfall of 200 cm. For normal exploration field work the season extends from mid-may to mid-october. 3.0 Claims The MSM property consists of six contiguous mineral claims covering 5848 hectares as listed in Table 1 and shown on Figure 2. The claims were staked in May and June 2013 and March, 2014 and are held by Charles Greig and by Garibaldi Resources Corp. The claims are considered to be in anniversary year one and the Good To Dates listed in Table 1 are based on acceptance of the costs applied for assessment in this report (Section 11.0) based on $5.00 per hectare per annum. Table 1. MSM Claims List Tenure No. Claim Name Owner Map No. Issue Date Good To Date Area (ha) BE-REAR Charles J. Greig 104H 2013/may/ /aug/ EXCESS-O-CROSS Charles J. Greig 104H 2013/may/ /aug/ OUR CREEK Charles J. Greig 104H 2013/may/ /aug/ U/C Charles J. Greig 104H 2013/may/ /aug/ OLD BOY NOT DUN YET! Charles J. Greig 104H 2013/jun/ /aug/ MSM Garibaldi Resources Corp. 104H 2014/mar/ /mar/

8 5 Figure 2. MSM Claims and Tenure Numbers 4.0 Geology 4.1 Regional Geology The geology of British Columbia was compiled and plotted at 1:1,000,000 scale by Massey et al. (2005) and is available in Geoscience Map (North Sheet). A portion of this map is presented in Figure 3 of this report showing the regional geology in the area of the MSM property, with the geologic legend shown in Figure 4. The MSM property lies near the northern edge of the Bowser Basin, a 300 km long by 200 km wide marine sedimentary basin comprised mainly of Bowser Lake Group (mjkbo), formed along the North American continental margin between late Early Jurassic and late Early Cretaceous time. Sediments within the basin sit directly on rocks of Stikinia, a terrane dominated by island arc volcanic strata and related intrusions which was accreted to North America by the Early to Middle Jurassic. This northern part of Stikinia is comprised of the Middle to Late Triassic Stuhini Group (utrs) and the Early to Middle Jurassic Hazelton Group (lmjhz). These assemblages represent an

9 6 extensive zone of subduction-related volcanism and genetically-related calc-alkaline to alkaline plutonism which spanned Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic time (Logan et al. 2012). Widely occurring copper and/or gold mineral deposits within Stikinia are related to this period of magmatism, and are hosted by both the plutonic rocks and the stratified rocks they intrude. The prospective volcanic and plutonic rocks of Stikinia are exposed around the margins of the Bowser Basin and, in particular, along the northern margin they form an arcuate belt containing numerous significant mineral deposits, including Galore Creek (Minfile 104G 090), Schaft Creek (Minfile 104G 015), Red Chris (Minfile 104H 005) and Kemess (Minfile 094E 094). This is the so-called "Stikine Arch," and refers to a regional structural domain along which intrusive and related (island arc type) volcanic activity took place, in conjunction with associated mineral deposits (Logan et al. 2012). Figure 3. Regional Geology and Mineral Deposits The Red Chris copper-gold porphyry deposit is located 50 km southwest of the MSM property (fig. 3). Imperial Metals Corporation has received provincial and federal environmental approvals for a 30,000 ton per day open pit mine, which is expected to begin operation in early2014.

10 Figure 4 B.C. Geological Survey Geology of British Columbia: Geological Legend Geoscience Map Volcanic and Sedimentary Rocks Intrusive Rocks Cretaceous CENOZOIC Devonian to Mississippian Shale, Neogene to Quaternary Sandstone, sideritic shale, silty mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, concretionary shale; minor coal, conglomerate, glauconitic sandstone and siltstone. Alluvium, glaciofluvial gravels and sand, till. calcarenite, siltstone, shale, polymict conglomerate, pebbly mudstone, limestone- greenstone breccia, micritic limestone, coquina; pillowed to massive greenstone, mafic volcanic breccia, mafic tuff, minor rhyolite breccia and tuff. diorite (dr), granodiorite (gd), granite (gr), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm). Black, siliceous shale, calcareous siltstone, minor dolomite, limestone, sandstone and pebble conglomerate, barite. Sandstone, arkose, siltstone, argillite, black shale, pebble to boulder conglomerate; andesite and tuffaceous sandstone; minor rhyolite, tuff. Basalt, olivine basalt, CENOZOIC Argillite, slate, shale, locally carbonaceous and pyritic; chert, cherty mudstone; chert arenite and pebble conglomerate, polymicitic conglomerate; limestone; nodular and bedded barite +/- sulphides. Mafic to intermediate lapilli tuff, ash, breccia and tuffite; massive, aphyric or plagioclase and augite- phyric flows and sills; felsic tuff ; tuffaceous siltstone, wacke, argillite, polymict conglomerate, limestone, shale; graphitic shale, rare black chert, ribbon chert. unconsolidated ash, scoria, agglomerate and breccia. Chert- grain sandstone, argillite, arkose, conglomerate; minor red beds and tuff. diorite (dr), monzodiorite (dg), gabbro (gb), granodiorite (gd), granite (gr), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm), syenite (sy), tonalite (to), diabase (db), quartz porphyry (qp), feldspar porphyry (fp), orthogneiss (og), migmatite (mi) and undifferentiated intrusive rocks (g). Carbonate, black shale, brown calcareous shale. Alkali olivine basalt, tuff, agglomerate, minor trachyte and rhyolite tuff and flows. Black calcareous siltstone, argillaceous limestone, basaltic sills; massive and pillowed basalt flows and sills, basalt agglomerate, minor tuff and chert. Sandstone; siltstone, mudstone and shale, locally with calcareous concretions, pebble sandstone and conglomerate, minor coal; feldspar- phyric andesite lava flows and pyroclastic rocks. Basalt breccia, vesicular basalt, volcanogenic sediments and pillow lava. Basalt, Andesitic to dacitic breccias, tuffs sandy shale. diorite (dr), gabbro (gb), granodiorite (gd), granite (gr), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm), syenite (sy), tonalite (to), quartz porphyry (qp), feldspar porphyry (fp), orthogneiss (og), and undifferentiated intrusive rocks (g). Siltstone, sandstone. Schist, meta- chert, pelite, amphibolite, marble, ultramafic rock. Basaltic to dacitic lava, tuff, breccia, conglomerate. Massive conglomerate, fine to coarse- grained sandstone, carbonaceous shale. diorite (dr), monzodiorite (dg), gabbro (gb), granodiorite (gd), granite (gr), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm), tonalite (to), quartz porphyry (qp) and orthogneiss (og). Chert, argillite, phyllite, greywacke, quartz- plagioclase grit, meta- tuff, limestone, quartzite; minor conglomerate, volcanics and diorite. diorite (dr), monzodiorite (dg), gabbro (gb), granodiorite (gd), granite (gr), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm), tonalite (to), quartz porphyry (qp), feldspar porphyry (fp), orthogneiss (og) and undifferentiated intrusive rocks (g). Cambrian to Devonian PALEOZOIC TO MESOZOIC Alkali olivine basalt, minor trachyte and rhyolite; aphyric and olivine, plagioclase and augite- phyric, fine- grained basalt flows, in part columnar- jointed, locally vesicular or amygdaloidal; may include massive, fine- grained diabase sills. diorite (dr), gabbro (gb), granodiorite (gd), granite (gr), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm), syenite (sy), tonalite (to), quartz porphyry (qp), feldspar porphyry (fp), pegmatite (pe), orthogneiss (og), and undifferentiated intrusive rocks (g). Fine, and medium grained quartzose sandstone, Basalt pillowed flows, pillow breccia, hyaloclastite tuff and breccia, massive amygdaloidal flows, minor tuffs, interflow sediment and limestone lenses; grey to black, micritic and stylolitic limestone, calcareous siltstone, minor oolitic and bioclastic limestone, garnet- epidote- diopside skarn; thinly bedded black argillite, siltstone and shale, calcareous argillite, grey and black limestone, shaly limestone, coralline limestone, minor tuffaceous sandstone, grit and breccia. and flows. Vesicular, columnar jointed basalt, olivine basalt; minor andesite, rhyolite breccia, obsidian, tuff, breccia, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale and diatomite. MESOZOIC Greenstone, chlorite- actinolite phyllite, quartzsericite schist, marble, ribbon chert, tonalite, diorite, gabbro. Deep marine argillitegreywacke flysch, minor massive and pillow basalt, breccia and tuff; contorted graphitic siltstone with intercalated intermediate ash, lapilli tuff and chert. andesite, trachyte and rhyolite flows; basalt, andesite and dacite breccia, tuff, minor greywacke, slate and conglomerate. Dolomite, limestone, crinoidal and skeletal limestone, cherty limestone, calcareous mudstone, spiculite, chert, argillite, siltstone, rare amygdaloidal basalt. Aphyric pillow basalts, interpillow micrite; shallow intra- supratidal platform and sabkha facies limestones and evaporites; impure cherty and shaley limestone, chert spiculite. Sandstone, chert- rich sandstone, siltstone and shale; polymict pebble conglomerate; calcareous sandstone and shale; intermediate to felsic volcanic flows, tuff and crystal tuffs; volcanic breccia and conglomerate. Aphyric trachyte and olivine, plagioclase and augite- phyric alkali olivine basalt, trachybasalt and hawaiite lava flows, domes and pyroclastic breccia and ash flows; includes some fluvial gravel and glacial deposits. Mississippian Conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone and sandstone; limestone and limestone conglomerate; siltstone, calcareous sandstone and coquina. Pebble to cobble conglomerate containing clasts of chert, volcanic rock and sandstone; lesser amounts of sandstone, siltstone, shale, volcanic breccia and volcanic conglomerate. Olivine basalt flows, basaltic andesite flows and pyroclastic cones, rhyolite, dacite and andesite flows and domes; polymictic breccias and pyroclastics; gravel and sand. granite (gr) and feldspar porphyry (fp). Schistose and mylonitic felsic and mafic flows, tuff, volcanogenic sediments, amphibolite, leucogneiss, tonalitic to granodioritic orthogneiss, minor marble and skarn. Thinly layered and interbedded argillaceous limestone and dolomite, shale and slate; dolomite, sandy dolomite, sandstone to quartzite, massive to poorly bedded limestone and dolomite; equivalent to the Kechika and Road River Groups and the Tapioca Sandstone of the Sandpile Group. diorite (dr), granodiorite (gd), granite (gr), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm), syenite (sy), pegmatite (pe), orthogneiss (og), migmatite (mi) and undifferentiated intrusive rocks (g). Limestone, marble, phyllite, micaceous schist, grit, quartzite, greenstone. granite (gr), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm), quartz porphyry (qp) and feldspar porphyry (fp). Olivine basalt necks, breccia and pillow flows, conglomerate. Hornblende- feldspar porphyritic andesite to basalt flows and related pyroclastics, breccias and epiclastic beds, lesser dacite, rhyodacite, basaltic andesite, quartz porphyry; sandstone, conglomerate. Permian to Jurassic Chert, pelite, mafic volcanics, minor limestone, gabbro and ultramafic rock. Basalt Shale, slate, siltstone, chert, minor coarse clastics, limestone, dolomite, rare tuffs. diorite (dr), granodiorite (gd), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm), syenite (sy) and orthogneiss (og). Boulder, cobble and pebble conglomerate, coarse to fine sandstone, siltstone, shale, coal. and andesite flows; related breccia and tuff; minor dacite and rhyolite, conglomerate and siltstone. Dolostone, dolomitic sandstone, limestone, shaly dolostone, carbonate breccia, minor calcareous siltstone, shale, quartzite, alkaline volcanics. Basaltic to rhyolitic schist, greenstone, pillowed metabasalt, heterolithic breccia; slate, phyllite; banded siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate; minor limestone, marble, chert and green chloritic phyllite. Andesitic volcanic breccia, lapilli tuff and ash tuff; mafic to intermediate volcanic flows; volcanic sandstone and conglomerate, siltstone and shale. Oligocene to Pliocene Poorly consolidated to unconsolidated conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone; minor diatomite, lignite, basalt. diorite (dr), granodiorite (gd), granite (gr), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm) and tonalite (to). Silurian to Devonian Sandstone, carbonaceous shale, calcareous shale, calcareous sandstone, minor conglomerate. Undivided ribbon chert, argillite, phyllite, quartz phyllite and pillowed to massive greenstone, with lesser amounts of limestone, gabbro, diabase, serpentinite, sandstone and pebble; conglomerate metamorphic equivalents; variably deformed granodiorite and orthogneiss; blueschist; locally includes minor amounts of Cayoosh Assemblage and Taylor Creek Group rocks. Conglomerate, fine to coarse grained sandstone; carbonaceous shale and coal. Sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone, mudstone, shale, coal, mostly covered by Pleistocene till. Quartz- rich clastics and argillite; commonly phyllitic or hornfelsed, conglomerate; limestone, cherty carbonate, calcsilicate, marble; green tuff, lapilli tuff and lesser flows. Andesite, basalt, flow- banded rhyolite, Paleogene Dolomite, limestone, silty limestone and dolostone, sandstone, quartzite, argillite, shale, siltstone, chert, greenstone, minor gypsum. diorite (dr), granodiorite (gd), diabase (db) Sandstone, conglomerate, shale, coal. Rhyolite, chalcedonic rhyolite. Argillite, calcareous argillite, cherty argillite, chert; intermediate epiclastic and/or lapilli to ash tuff and tuffite. Conglomerate, sandstone, shale, argillite, minor limestone; basaltic andesite to rhyolite flows, crystal and lapilli tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, volcanic conglomerate and breccia; schist, graphitic schist. Intercalated mafic to felsic lava flows and pyroclastic rocks; epiclastic sandstone and conglomerate; thickly- stratified volcanic debris flows. Siltstone, mudstone, shale, limestone, marble, mafic and felsic volcanics, quartzite and conglomerate; often metamorphosed to slate, phyllite, schist, marble, gneiss, amphibolite and greenstone. Andesite and dacite flows and breccias; minor basalt and rhyolite; chert and volcanic- clast conglomerates; sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. Basalt sills, dikes and flows, minor pyroclastics. Feldspathic and volcanic sandstone, siltstone, shale, mudstone, chert- pebble conglomerate, minor coal; augite- plagiolcase phyric alkaline basalt to basaltic andesite, plagioclase phyric andesite to dacite; aphyric basalt, green to maroon mafic lapilli tuff, volcanic breccia, rhyolite to dacite flows. Dacite and rhyolite flows, ash and lapilli tuff, andesite flows, lesser basalt flows. Andesite, basalt, minor dacite: flows, breccia and tuff, vesicular, amygdaloidal, locally hyaloclastic, minor picritc basalt and rhyolite; conglomerate, sandstone, shale, lignite. Intermediate to mafic flows and pyroclastics, minor felsics; conglomerate, sandstone and argillite, minor carbonate. Concretionary sandstone; siltstone; conglomerate; minor agglomerate; black shale. Trachyte, phonolite, trachyandesite, andesite, pyroxene andesite, tuff and breccia; volcanic sandstones and siltstones, shale and conglomerate. Agglomerate; flow breccias; sandstone; conglomerate; minor shale. Sandstone, conglomerate, argillite, coal; mafic to intermediate volcanics, minor black chert. Argillite, siltstone, Basal conglomerate, coarse sandstone to siltstone, locally carbonaceous; andesite to rhyolite flows, pyroclastics and derived epiclastics, minor basalt. Pillowed and massive basalt flows, monolithic basalt breccia and pillow breccia; pyroxene- feldspar phyric agglomerate, breccia, lapilli tuff, massive and pillowed flows, felsic tuffs and crystal tuffs, dacite, rhyolite; massive tuffite, laminated tuff, polymictic breccia; chert, jasper and magnetite- hematite- chert iron formation. diorite (dr), monzodiorite (dg), gabbro (gb), granodiorite (gd), granite (gr), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm), syenite (sy), feldspar porphyry (fp), orthogneiss (og) and undifferentiated intrusive rocks (g). diorite (dr), granodiorite (gd), quartz diorite (qd) and undifferentiated intrusive rocks (g). gabbro (gb) and granite (gr). diorite (dr), monzodiorite (dg), gabbro (gb), granodiorite (gd), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm), syenite (sy), tonalite (to), quartz porphyry (qp), feldspar porphyry (fp) and undifferentiated intrusive rocks (g). Siltstone, mudstone, slate, phyllite, chert, massive and well- bedded limestone, minor conglomerate; pillow basalt, tuffs, diabase sills. diorite (dr), monzodiorite (dg), gabbro (gb), granodiorite (gd), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm) and orthogneiss (og). Cambrian to Ordovician Limestone, argillaceous limestone, pale calcareous slate, phyllitic limestone, calcareous phyllite, pyritic and carbonaceous slate and shale; minor conglomerate, sandstone, greenstone and green tuff. Chert, limestone, dolostone and derived conglomerate and breccia; black shale, argillite, cherty argillite, quartzite, siltite and slate; some pillow basalt, schistose calcareous basaltic tuff and volcaniclstics. Jurassic Sandstone, conglomerate, shale, argillite, coal; basalt, andesite, dacite, trachyte, rhyolite, related tuffs and breccias. and feldspar porphyry (fp). Ordovician to Silurian PALEOZOIC Sandstone, siltstone; tuffs. Siltstone, shale, sandstone, pebble to boulder conglomerate; molluscan faunas common. Argillite, chert, greenstone, breccia, mafic intrusions, limestone and ultramafic rocks. Argillaceous limestone, nodular limestone, calcareous shale, dolomite; shale, siltstone, orthoquartzite. Quartzite, with lesser biotite hornblende gneiss, mica schist, black phyllite to metaargillite, semi- pelitic to pelitic schist, well foliated: mafic and intermediate metavolcanics, locally pyritic, strongly foliated, fine grained amphibolite +/- chlorite schist. Ordovician to Triassic breccia, tuff. diorite (dr), gabbro (gb), granodiorite (gd), granite (gr), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm) and orthogneiss (og). Devonian Greenstone, amphibolite, mafic pillow lavas, volcanic breccia, agglomerate, tuff, rare felsic flows and tuffs; phyllite, siliceous phyllite, metachert, ribbon chert, chlorite schist, sandstone; micritic to clastic limestone, argillite, marble, dolomite; minor serpentinite and mafic intrusions. volcanic conglomerate. Conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale, marl, minor coal; minor tuffs and tuffaceous siltstone; basalt. diorite (dr), monzodiorite (dg), gabbro (gb), granodiorite (gd), granite (gr), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm), syenite (sy), tonalite (to), quartz porphyry (qp), feldspar porphyry (fp), orthogneiss (og) and undifferentiated intrusive rocks (g). Mississippian to Jurassic Dominantly aphyric, mafic to felsic lava flows and pyroclastic rocks, locally epiclastic interbeds. Rhyolite, dacite, trachyte flows; related tuff and breccia; andesite and basalt; minor conglomerate, grit, greywacke and tuffaceous shale. diorite (dr), gabbro (gb), granodiorite (gd), granite (gr), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm), tonalite (to), quartz porphyry (qp), feldspar porphyry (fp), pegmatite (pe), orthogneiss (og), and undifferentiated intrusive rocks (g). Ordovician to Devonian ultramafites (um) and serpentinites (us). PALEOZOIC Quartzite, phyllite, biotite- muscovite schist, marble, limestone, dolomite; chert; greenstone, andesite and basalt tuffite, tuff, wacke, rhyolite; quartzalbite- mica gneiss, albite- actinolite schist, quartz- chlorite- epidotealbite gneiss, meta- chert, calc- silicate schist, hornfels. Limestone, dolomite, shale, calacareous shale, slate, sandstone, red beds, quartzite, minor conglomerate and chert. diorite (dr), tonalite (to) and orthogneiss (og). Pillow basalt, greenstone. Brown to white- weathering marble, calcareous metawacke and argillite, minor conglomerate and chert; metabasalt, minor tuff breccia. diorite (dr), gabbro (gb), granodiorite (gd), tonalite (to) and diabase (db). Cambrian Green magnetitephyllite, chlorite schist, mafic schist, quartz- sericite schist, metachert, quartzite, limestone, quartz- plagioclase grit, quartz- feldspar schist, phyllite, pelitic schist, amphibolite, siliceous and gneissic tectonite. Orthoquartzite, siltstone, shale, sandstone; limestone; minor dolostone, phyllite and conglomerate. Calcareous black phyllite, graphitic phyllite, dark grey limestone, argillaceous and phyllitic limestone; greenstone, chlorite phyllite; schistose epidote- actinolite- quartz and garnet- epidote skarn, quartzite, micaceous quartzite and calcareous quartzite, lesser amounts of chloritic schist and sericite- quarz shist; minor amphibolite, marble, conglomerate and serpentinite. Diamictites, conglomerate, dolomite olistrostrome (glacio- marine), sandstone, minor limestone. sandstone, conglomerate; minor limestone. diorite (dr), gabbro (gb), granodiorite (gd), granite (gr), quartz monzonite (qm), tonalite (to), diabase (db) and orthogneiss (og). diorite (dr) and gabbro (gb). diorite (dr), gabbro (gb) and orthogneiss (og). PROTEROZOIC TO PALEOZOIC Silurian to Permian Calcalkaline basalt to rhyolite pyroclastics and flows, derived volcaniclastic conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, siltstone, shale, minor limestone and marl. Rusty- weathering trachyte and rhyolite flows, pyroclastic flows, pyroclastic rocks, and related intrusions. Conglomerate, diamictite, wacke, argillite, shale, calcareous sandstone, chert- pebble conglomerate, minor limestone; andesitic breccia and tuff. Heterolithic to monolithic conglomerate and breccia, carbonate conglomerate; shale, siltstone, sandstone, wacke, minor coal. Subaerial andesite to rhyolite welded tuff, ash- flow tuff, tuff breccia, dacite to rhyolite sills, minor basalt dikes. Sandstone, arkose, siltstone, argillite, slate, conglomerate, andesitic flows, mafic and intermediate volcanic breccia, tuff, minor limestone. Shale; fine to medium grained sandstone; minor Basaltic pillowed flows, hyaloclastite breccia, tuff, massive basalt, rare limestone; subaerial amygdaloidal basalt flows, minor breccia. calcareous shale. Siliceous, well bedded, tuffaceous siltstone, siltstone, calcareous siltstone, tuff; calcareous to siliceous siltstone, limestone, concretionary shale. MESOZOIC Cretaceous to Tertiary Tuffaceous sandstone, tuffaceous siltstone, argillite, graphitic siltstone with minor interbedded carbonate, lapilli tuff, andesite flows and sills. Pebble to boulder conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale, minor coal. Quartzite, micaceous quartzite, siliceous phyllite, garnet- mica- quartz schist, greenstone, metavolcanic breccia and tuff, chloritic phyllite, chlorite schist; limestone, marble, calcsilicate gneiss; argillite, slate and conglomerate; paragneiss and orthogneiss. Limestone, crinoidal limestone, interbedded limestone and argillite; argillite, chert and siliceous argillite, quartzite; metagreywacke; basalt flows, mafic to intermediate lapilli tuff and agglomerate. quartz diorite (qd). Marble, diopsidic marble, calcsilicate gneiss, diorite (dr). amphibolite, quartzite. Devonian to Permian Argillite, cherty argillite, slate, phyllite, siltstone, volcanic and chert- grain sandstone; chert- pebble conglomerate; volcaniclastic rocks of mafic to felsic composition; minor carbonate. Limestone, cherty limestone, greywacke, minor conglomerate, maroon shale, siltstone; mafic to felsic volcanics, pillow basalt; black and green chert, argillite, schist, quartzite metaconglomerate. Micaceous quartzite, quartzite, phyllite, slate and schist; lesser siltite, limestone and limestone or quartzite- clast conglomerate; minor amphibolite, metatuff, marble and diabase. diorite (dr), granite (gr), syenite (sy), tonalite (to) and undifferentiated intrusive rocks (g). diorite (dr), gabbro (gb) and granodiorite (gd). Upper Proterozoic to Cambrian Massive, grey, bioclastic limestone; argillaceous, thin bedded, recrystallized limestone with chert nodules; slate, slaty siltstone and chert: sericite and chlorite phyllite and schist; metagabbro, basalt, rhyolite, tuff; minor serpentinite and listwanite. Phyllite, siltite, slate, diamictite, quartzite, feldspathic quartzite, minor iron formation; limestone, dolomite, sandy limestone and dolomite, minor argillite; quartz chlorite schist, chloritic phyllite, garnet- mica schist, calcereous sericite schist, amphibolite. Basalt breccia, tuff and pillows; dacitic and rhyolite tuff; shale, argillite, slate, calcareous argillite, limestone, tuffaceous argillite, sandstone, wacke. granodiorite (gd), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm) and orthogneiss (og). Shale, siltstone, limestone, argillite, phyllite, schist, quartzite; minor feldspathic sandstone and conglomerate. diorite (dr), gabbro (gb), granodiorite (gd), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm), syenite (sy), orthogneiss (og) and undifferentiated intrusive rocks (g). Undifferentiated pelite, sandstone, minor conglomerate, mafic and felsic volcanics; Permian and Pennsylvanian carbonate. Shale, limestone, quartzite, argillite and magnesite. Sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, chert and quartz- pebble conglomerate, felsic ash- tuff, minor coal. gabbro (gb, OTrgb), granodiorite (gd), granite (gr), quartz dionite (qd), syenite (Ssy) and orthogneiss (og, Oog). Mainly greenschist- grade mafic to intermediate volcanics, phyllite, minor volcanic and carbonate- clast supported conglomerate. Massive amygdaloidal and pillowed basalt to andesite flows, dacite to rhyolite massive or laminated lava, green and maroon tuff, feldspar crystal tuff, breccia; tuffaceous sandstone, argillite, pebble conglomerate and minor limestone and calcareous siltstone. Bedded chert, cherty argillite, diabase, gabbro, diorite and pillowed to massive metabasalt; lesser amounts of sandstone, siltstone, slate, phyllite, conglomerate and quartz- feldspar porphyry rhyolite; minor amounts of limestone. Pebbly grit, polymictic conglomerate containing abundant volcanic clasts, sandstone, siltstone, dark grey shale, lesser cherty dust tuff; maroon and green, porphyritic latite, trachyte and andesite, augite, olivine basalt flows and breccia, lapilli tuff. Maroon and green tuff, lapilli tuff, volcanic conglomerate, wacke; pyroxene- phyric agglomerate, breccia, pillowed and massive basalt flows, andesite, minor rhyolite and gabbro; siltstone, sandstone and lesser chert; limestone, bioclastic limestone, calcarenite; foliated metamorphosed equivalents. Triassic to Cretaceous Limestone, siltstone, dolomite; quartzite, pebble conglomerate; alkalic to calcalkalic basalt, andesite and dacite; mica schist, marble, amphibolite. Marble, dolomite, limestone; phyllite, argillite, schist, quartzite. PROTEROZOIC Mafic volcanics, argillite, siltstone. Mudstone- rich melange; pillow lava, tuff and chert; green, aphanitic volcanic breccia and massive flows, small diorite intrusions, grey limestone lenses. Andesite, dacite, trachyandesite lava flows, tuffs, crystal tuffs, breccias and epiclastics; fine pyroxene- basalt flows and tuffs, cogenetic sills and dikes. Jurassic to Cretaceous Massive and pillowed basalt, breccia, tuff, diabase, minor diorite, gabbro and serpentinite; chert, argillite, lithic sandstone, limestone, dacitic tuff and agglomerate, black argillite, quartz- chert sandstone, varicoloured chert, rhodonite, calcarenite, phyllite, chlorite schist. Heterolithic lapilli tuff, plagioclase- augite and plagioclase, quartz porphyritic flows and agglomerate/tuff breccia; arkose, greywacke, sandstone, siltstone, minor conglomerate and coal. Upper Proterozoic AGE UNKNOWN Ribbon chert, argillite and thin limestone bands. Slates, phyllites, brown sandstone, siltstone, shale, quartz pebble grits, conglomerate, minor limestone. Shale, sandstone; limestone, phosphatic and sideritic shales. diorite (dr), granodiorite (gd), and orthogneiss (og). PROTEROZOIC Pelitic schist, phyllite, quartzite, quartzofeldspathic psammite, grit, conglomerate and amphibolite; marble and sandy marble. Carboniferous to Permian Volcaniclastic sandstone, siltstone, shale and argillite; lesser amounts of pebble to cobble conglomerate, limy sandstone, limestone, tuff, greenstone, quartzite and fragmental metavolcanic rocks; micaceous quartzite, biotite- hornblende schist, garnet and staurolite schist, phyllite. ultramafites (um) and serpentinites (us). diorite (dr), gabbro (gb), granite (gr), quartz diorite (qd), quartz monzonite (qm), tonalite (to), orthogneiss (og) and undifferentiated intrusive rocks (g). Chlorite schist, greenstone, chert; minor ultramafic rock. Triassic to Jurassic Argillite, siltstone, limestone. Slate, phyllite, quartz- biotite schist, quartzfeldspar- garnet- biotite schist, metagreywacke, meta- arkose; metabasalt, metarhyolite, chlorite schist, ribbon chert, cherty argillite. Metamorphosed siliceous and calcareous argillites; greenschists of volcanic and sedimentary origin; minor serpentinized ultramafic rocks. Argillite, sandstone, siltstone, minor carbonate. Marine argillite and greywacke, and interbedded andesitic to basaltic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, metamorphosed to amphibolite grade. Mafic volcanics Shale; calcareous shale; massive limestone; fine grained sandstone; rare chert and local peperite. Heterolithic conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, shale, feldspathic wacke, minor coal; minor basalt and andesite flow, breccia and tuff, dacitic lava flows, lapilli tuff. Quartzite, micaceous quartzite, pebble conglomerate, limestone, dolomite, oolitic and pisolitic limestone, shale, sandstone, wacke, sandy limestone, phyllite, schist, gneiss, chlorite- muscovite schist, slate, argillite, micaceous crystalline limestone, marble, calcsilicate rock, amphibolite. Phyllite, greywacke, grit, argillite, schist and micaceous feldspathic quartzite; minor pebble conglomerate, amphibolite, limestone and marble. Metamorphic Rocks MESOZOIC Pelitic schist, phyllite, quartzite, quartzofeldspathic psammite, grit, conglomerate and amphibolite. greenschist to mid- amphibolite facies rocks (gs, ml, mm), calcsilicates (mc), paragneiss (pg), mylonite (my) and undifferentiated metamorphic rocks (m). Cherty argillite, chert, argillite, massive and pillowed basalt, volcanic breccia, gabbro, siltstone, wacke, dacite. conglomerate. Undifferentiated mafic to felsic flows and volcaniclastic rocks, including augite- phyric flows, tuffs and breccias; feldspathic sandstone and siltstone, argillite, shale, polymict conglomerate; minor limestone and calcareous siltstone. Argillite, greywacke, coarse lithic and feldspathic sandstone, conglomerate and minor tuffaceous layers; sparsely feldspar- phyric pillow basalt and foliated sills of gabbro and quartz diorite. Augite- phyric and aphyric basalt breccia, agglomerate, tuff, pillowed and massive flows; mafic to felsic tuff, ash tuff, lapilli tuff, breccia and conglomerate; tuffaceous argillite and siltite, greywacke, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and chert; phyllite, phyllitic schist; limestone, minor skarn. Siltstone, shale, greywacke, calcareous grit and Grit, conglomerate, quartzite; phyllite, argillite, slate, pelitic schist, metasandstone; dolomite, marble and minor calcsilicate rock. Dolomitic siltstone; sandy dolomite; orthoquartzite and limestone. PALEOZOIC Phyllite, quartzite, grit, conglomerate; greenstone. Sandstone, quartzite, siltstone, shale, conglomerate, minor coal. Triassic Sharpstone conglomerate, limestone, argillite and Massive and pillowed basalt, chert, fine to medium- grained gabbro and rare serpentinite; crystal and lapilli tuff, siliceous tuff, volcanic sandstone, minor agglomerate, siltstone, siliceous argillite, limestone, quartz sandstone, minor conglomerate. minor volcanics. Ribbon chert, cherty tuff, graphitic argillite, thinly bedded intercalated sandstone- siltstone- argillite, volcanic sandstone and conglomerate, massive crinoidal limestone, interbedded argillite and crinoidal limestone, pillowed basalt flows, olistostromal melange. May include significant volumes of Mount Hall Gabbro sills. Shale, siltstone, phyllite, semischist, sandstone, calcareous, sandstone, arkose, coquina, conglomerate; minor andesitic breccia and tuff, tuffaceous sandstone and silty limestone. Limestone, dolomite, carbonaceous- argillaceous limestone, calcareous and dolomitic siltstone, calcareous sandstone; shale, sandstone, orthoquartzite, minor gypsum. greenschist to lower- amphibolite facies rocks (gs, ml), paragneiss (pg) and undifferentiated metamorphic rocks (m). Limestone, dolomite, conglomerate, bedded chert, quartz sandstone, calcareous sandstone, siltstone, shale, locally phosphatic; dark grey chert. Middle Proterozoic PROTEROZOIC Dolomitic mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, dolostone, limestone, quartzite, feldspathic quartzite, minor greenstone, conglomerate. lower amphibolite facies rocks (ml), paragneiss (pg), mylonite (my) and undifferentiated metamorphic rocks (m). Siltstone, wacke, argillite, quartzite, dolomite, basalt to andesite flows. AGE UNKNOWN Argillite, sandstone, limestone, quartzite; minor sharpstone conglomerate, greenstone. Carbonate, argillite, slate, phyllite, minor volcanic breccia, tuff and conglomerate. Oceanic arc volcanics and sediments dominated by tuff, breccia and siliceous argillite with sparse andesitic flows. greenschist to mid- amphibolite facies rocks (gs, ml, mm), calcsilicates (mc), paragneiss (pg) and undifferentiated metamorphic rocks (m).

11 8 The deposit has NI compliant Proven and Probable Reserves of million tonnes grading 0.359% Cu and g/t Au, plus a Measured and Indicated Resource of million tonnes grading 0.374% Cu and 0.385g/t Au, at a cut-off grade of 0.3% copper equivalent (calculated using a copper price of US$3.00/ lb and a gold price of US$1,200/ oz). The deposit is hosted by the Lower Jurassic Red Stock, a composite dioritic, to quartz monzonitic, to monzonitic body, which has intruded Stuhini Group volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks (Gillstrom et al. 2012). The Galore Creek deposit, located 165 km southwest of the MSM property, is an alkalic porphyry copper-gold deposit owned by Teck Corp. and NovaGold Resources Inc. It is mainly hosted by Stuhini Group rocks close to their contact with coeval and somewhat younger alkalic intrusive rocks. The deposit has NI compliant Proven and Probable Reserves of 528 million tonnes grading 0.6% Cu, 0.32 g/t Au and 6.02 g/t Ag, plus a Measured and Indicated Resource totaling 287 million tonnes at a grade of 0.33% Cu and 0.27 g/t Au, using a C$10.08 NSR cut-off (Gill et al. 2011). The MSM property is underlain by Stuhini Group rocks, similar to those on the Red Chris and Galore Creek properties, with local cappings of Lower Jurassic to Mid Cretaceous Bowser Lake Group sedimentary and volcanic rocks in the eastern and southern parts of the property. The Hotailuh intrusive complex is located immediately to the northwest of the property and a small diorite body mapped near the south side of the property may be coeval with the batholith. The Hotailuh batholith is comprised of various intrusive phases; commonly quartz monzonite to quartz monzodiorite, but also quartz diorite and granodiorite, as well as gabbro and diorite, ranging in age from Late Triassic to Middle to Late Jurassic (van Straaten et al. 2012). Structural features in the region include a common north-easterly trending block faulting and, to the north of the property, northwest trending thrust faults related to the extensive King Salmon Thrust belt. A large normal fault trending approximately east-west has been mapped along part of the Stikine River near the south side of the property. 4.2 Regional Mineral Prospects As mentioned above, there are several significant porphyry Cu-Au deposits near the MSM property, with two of the closest being Red Chris and Gnat Pass. The Red Chris deposit is documented in a recent technical report by Gillstrom et al. (2012) in which they describe it as a porphyry copper-gold deposit distributed along the central axis of the pervasively altered and fractured Red Stock. A re-activated fault system along the axis of the stock controlled the emplacement of the stock and then, later, the altering and mineralizing hydrothermal fluids, which they speculated as being more typical of a shear-hosted copper-gold deposit. The Red-Chris copper-gold mineralization has good vertical and longitudinal continuity, controlled largely by later faulting superimposed on the central axis fault zone. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, with minor chalcocite are the principal sulphide minerals. Covellite

12 9 molybdenite, sphalerite and galena occur locally in trace amounts. Gold, second in economic importance to copper, occurs spatially and genetically associated with the copper mineralization. The east-northeast linear trend of the Red Stock suite suggests that it was intruded along a syn-arc structure. Gillstrom et al. (2012) suggest that the east-northeast trend is quite prominent in the region, and may represent a deep-seated structural grain in this part of Stikinia that exerted its influence on igneous intrusion and tectonics throughout the Mesozoic. Mapping by Logan, Drobe and Elsby (1991) in the More Creek area, to the south of Dease La ke indicated that fault trends are mainly northeasterly to northwesterly and that east and northeasttrending structures are important controls for Mesozoic mineralization in that area. Gillstrom et al. (2012) believe the Red Chris deposit displays characteristics of both alkalic and calc-alkalic porphyry copper deposits. Alkalic features include: the paucity of quartz in the pre-mineral monzodiorite and late-mineral porphyry phases, the relatively high K2O, Na2O lithogeochemistry of the Stuhini Group volcanics, its copper-gold metal signature (versus copper-molybdenum for most calc-alkalic systems), magnetite-bearing potassic alteration, the unusually high copper-gold grades, at least in part of the system (in contrast, calcalkalic deposits tend to be bulk mineable lower grade ore bodies). Calc-alkalic features include: the large tonnage of the deposit, the relatively simple and centralized alteration pattern, the intense quartz-sericite-pyrite or phyllic alteration, which is generally underdeveloped in alkalic systems (especially in British Columbia), the strong association of copper sulfides with quartz veins. The Red Chris deposit is currently in development phase with production scheduled later in At the Gnat Pass deposit, 48 km northwest of MSM, exploration work has been carried out intermittently from 1960 to the present and has delineated unclassified, non compliant, reserves of 30.4 million tonnes grading % copper (Minfile 104I 001, Gnat Pass). The Gnat Pass deposit area has been described by Page (2006) and is summarized below. The property is underlain by rocks of the Upper Triassic Stuhini Group consisting of andesite and basalt flows, tuffs and breccias with lesser sediments, cut by small stocks and sills of porphyritic andesite and basalt. These rocks are intruded by irregular masses of fine grained, feldspar

13 10 porphyry rock of highly variable texture. The property is adjacent to hornblende quartz monzonite and granodiorite of the Jurassic-Triassic Hotailuh batholith, located to the south. At Gnat Pass carbonate alteration is widespread, both disseminated throughout the rocks and as veinlets. Sericitization and silicification are patchy, while iron-oxide staining and hematite are widespread in both volcanic and feldspar porphyry rocks. Chlorite occurs as fracture fillings in the volcanics, as do dense black veinlets of tourmaline. Rocks of all types locally exhibit cataclastic breccia textures with variable evidence of deformation. In the mineralized zones the host rocks are strongly fractured by jointing and small faults. Drill core information and regional lineaments suggests that major north-striking faults pass through the area. Mineralization consists of chalcopyrite, pyrite and traces of bornite. The sulphides commonly occur as blebs, stringers and coatings on fracture surfaces in the altered andesitic greenstones and dark-green porphyritic andesites. Magnetite is common in the volcanic rocks and tends to concentrate with chalcopyrite. The Gnat Pass deposit is currently being explored by Amarc Resources Ltd., which undertook drilling in 2012 to test beneath the historical resource. Mineral intercepts included 55.7 m grading 0.44% copper at 360 m below surface. The deposit has potential for extension to the west and northwest as well as to depth (Amarc website, News Release 2013). 4.3 Property Geology The northeast part of the MSM property has been mapped by International Corona Corp. (Jones 1992). He attributed the mapped lithologies to the lower division of Toodoggone Volcanics of Lower Jurassic age, however, Massey et al. (2005) have placed these lithologies in the Upper Triassic Stuhini Group (fig. 5). Rocks in this package have been described by Jones (1992) as follows: A basal, medium grained, dull purple feldspar porphyry flow is overlain by a variable-sized, lapilli to agglomerate tuff. Where mapped, this tuff is predominately composed of purple clasts in a white matrix and is overlain by a distinctive aphanitic maroon red volcanic flow, with local white feldspar phenocrysts that provides a prominent marker horizon. This is overlain by pyroxene porphyry basalt, which is the most important unit since it hosts most of the copper showings found to date. The basalt ranges from fine grained to coarse grained and is locally magnetic. A dark banded felsic (rhyodacite?) flow unit completes the lower volcanic sequence. Jones (1992) noted that the trend of these rocks is northwesterly with dips varying from southwest to northeast and that a strong north-easterly trending block fault system cuts the area. The lower division of Jones (1992) is overlain at higher elevations by a relatively flat lying upper division of sediments and volcanics, disrupted only where regional structures cut the units. The lower division beds generally form deeply incised steep sided valleys, whereas the upper division conglomerate beds are cliff forming and the upper division tuffs form alpine plateaus. The upper