IPM as a good practice

Transcription

1 IPM as a good practice Case Studies from different sectors Aziz Lagnaoui Washington, 27 October 2005

2 What is IPM? For our purposes, we will define Pest Management as a comprehensive approach to pest control that uses combined means to reduce the status of pests to tolerable levels while maintaining a quality environment.

3 What are the basic Pillars of IPM? Prevention: Cultural Practices Crop & Seed Selection Crop Rotation Habitat management Monitoring/Scouting Decision support systems (Thresholds) Intervention Physical control Biological control Chemical control

4 Why is IPM important to the Bank? IPM is practically feasible, economically viable and environmentally sound IPM is not just a simple alternative to high input systems. IPM is a core component of sustainable agriculture. The WB has a role to play in actively promoting IPM and removing the constraints impeding its large scale adoption

5 Why? WB is still a major financier of pesticides Investment projects SECTOR Total With pest management With pesticide procurement Rural/agric Energy * Transport * Health * = likely more as pesticide needs were not specified/identified in large contracts

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7 IPM in Agriculture & Rural Development Agricultural Research and Extension Projects Agricultural services Projects Agric Producer Organizations Promotion of exports Agric and Technology

8 Promoting revival of biological control in Central Asia Biological control system was managed and (largely) financed by the Central Government (Soviet Union); this stopped after 1991 Confusion about ownership and financing left most labs in limbo; but still intact Inputs, especially barley, equipment parts etc., derived from other parts of the Soviet Union; (little or no barley was grown in Central Asia). Local staff still available and proud of their work and ability.

9 Uzbekistan: cotton Project was to support better pest management including bio-control, but also modernizing the pesticides used, and improve spraying technology. This was to be co-financed by selected international agro-chemical company The relationship with the latter was criticized by NGOs, and was difficult as their objective was (from their viewpoint rightfully) to increased market share Compromise included study comparing biocontrol and chemical control of cotton pests

10 Indicative costs Trichogramma or insecticide use in Uzbekistan cotton (after NRI, 2001) Trichogramma release (3 releases) Insecticide (drop leg) Insecticide (OVH fan) Product cost /HA 1,100 $ 2.4 $4.8 Exch.= 320/$ ,536 Exch.= 660/$ - 1,536 3,312 Application costs 125 1,000 1,000 Total s/ha 1,235 1,768-2,656 2,536-4,312

11 Promoting revival of biological control in Central Asia Advice on reforming regulatory framework and government oversight. Technical advice (also by USAID) and encouragement of sustainable pest management Uzbekistan (Cotton Project) Improve quality of pesticides used and of application technology Promote sustainable control including biocontrol Turkmenistan Pre-project pilot in rehabilitation of system in laboratories in Dashgovuz oblast Advice on concepts of ownership and management Training in biocontrol and mass-production of Trichogramma in China

12 Turkmenistan: Laboratory for the Production of biological control agents Biolaboratories were previously state or farm owned. Now they are either farm/cooperatively owned, village/community owned or private. Biolaboratories create seasonal labor. Each production unit employs about 5 people from December to August. In Turkmenistan there are/were about 500 biolaboratories.

13 Promotion of Exports: The Tunisia Agricultural Support Services Project The project is providing support for the promotion of agricultural exports The project integrates well the IPM goals in the overall aims and activities The project uses appropriate performance indicators that Tunisian produce increasingly conform to norms and standards on both domestic and international markets, This is addressed clearly in the national plant protection program The project facilitated and actively promoted the revision/update of the pesticide regulations and pesticide residues to align them with European Union standards (target market) The project includes capacity building components in IPM, pesticide residue testing, pesticide handling and storage All of this makes for an environment conducive for greater IPM adoption among farmers.

14 Emergency Response to the Locust Outbreak in Africa Photo: Pierre Holtz (Reuters)

15 Novembre Juin 2003 Avril $5M Décembre Juillet Mai $ 50 M Preventive Août Control $ 1 MSeptembre Locust Control Février Juillet (Chemical) $ 10 M EmergencyOctobre Juin Janvier 2004 Mars $ 100 M Août Plan La chronologie de l invasion : juin 2003 août Source: FAO - DLIS

16 Octobre 2004 Mai 2005: Afrique du Nord-Ouest et de l Ouestl Maroc Tunisie Reproduction printanière 2005 Bandes larvaires Essaims Sahara occidental Algérie Libye Cap-Vert Mauritanie Mali Niger Tchad Évolution récente Sénégal Gambie G. Bissau Guinée Burkina Faso Invasion attendue en Afrique du N-O plus importante qu au printemps 2004.

17 IPM in the Environment Sector POPs (Stockholm Convention) Africa Stockpile Programme POPs & Termites in China ODS (Montreal Protocol) Alternatives to Methyl Bromide

18 Obsolete Stocks Africa Stockpile Programme

19 China: Alternatives to chlordane and mirex for termite control China has 9 chemical factories producing chlordane and mirex for use in termite control (> 90% in Construction) Project is was to support a demonstration of better termite management practices Project will phase out the use of chlordane and mirex in 2 provinces (Jianxu and Zheijiang). This will be achieved by replacing chlordane and mirex use with a Monitoring-Baiting system (Prevention & Intervention). Project is funded by GEF under the Stockholm Convention?? Scaling up will be part of China s obligations as a party to the Stockholm Convention.

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22 How can the monitoring-baiting system replace Chlordane and Mirex? Chlordane is primarily used for Preventing Termites Mirex is primarily used for remedial control (i.e. control of active infestation in the structure) of subterranean termites in China There are 2 station types for Baiting systems In-ground monitoring-baiting station Remedial control by detecting and baiting termite populations in soil Preventative control through an on-going program to intercept and bait termite populations near a structure Aboveground station Remedial control by applying baits directly onto active infestation of termites

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24 Phasing out Methyl Bromide (ODS Montreal Protocol) MB is very important to certain export sectors. Phasing out MB will need some feasible and cost effective alternatives. Many of the proposed available alternatives can be very toxic! (Fumigants) IPM requires a shift of focus (Pests organisms vs Control measures). For greater IPM adoption, it is essential to provide the necessary technical support

25 IPM in the Health Sector IVM uses the same concepts as IPM, of combining means (strategies) to reduce the status of disease vectors to tolerable levels while maintaining a quality environment.

26 Deforestation Agriculture Mosquito Ecology Malaria Epidemiology Environmental (Habitat) Management Education IVM is about Environmental and Habitat Management

27 Barriers to adoption of IPM/IVM Technical Efficacy Consistency/Simplicity Regulatory Registration Perceived risks Economic Costs of material/management practice Costs of changing production infrastructure Human Experience & comfort with Chemicals Willingness to change??

28 IPM is about Knowledge: Knowledge Access, not technology transfer Facilitating change: Learning by Doing Empowering with Knowledge Ownership and Commitment

29 Silent Spring 1962, Rachel Carson "...we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. (Silent Spring, 1962)