Anglický jazyk nie len pre pokročilých 2. (krúžok)

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1 Moderné vzdelávanie pre vedomostnú spoločnosť / Projekt je spolufinancovaný zo zdrojov EÚ Kód ITMS: číslo zmluvy: OPV/24/2011 Metodicko pedagogické centrum Národný projekt VZDELÁVANÍM PEDAGOGICKÝCH ZAMESTNANCOV K INKLÚZII MARGINALIZOVANÝCH RÓMSKYCH KOMUNÍT Mgr. Alena Celuchová Anglický jazyk nie len pre pokročilých 2. (krúžok) 2014

2 Vydavateľ: Metodicko-pedagogické centrum, Ševčenkova 11, Bratislava Autor UZ: Mgr. Alena Celuchová Kontakt na autora UZ: ZŠ s MŠ Zborov, Školská 478, Zborov Názov: Anglický jazyk nie len pre pokročilých- krúžok 2. Rok vytvorenia: 2014 Oponentský posudok Mgr. Ivica Clementová vypracoval: ISBN Tento učebný zdroj bol vytvorený z prostriedkov projektu Vzdelávaním pedagogických zamestnancov k inklúzii marginalizovaných rómskych komunít. Projekt je spolufinancovaný zo zdrojov Európskej únie. Text neprešiel štylistickou ani grafickou úpravou.

3 Obsah: 1. Členy - a / an / the Gramatika vysvetlenie použitia určitých členov a neurčitého člena 2. Tvorba otázky a záporu, Gramatika - základné a jednoduché pravidlo pri tvorbe otázky. 3. Ukazovacie zámená, Gramatika this / these a that /those 4. Fráza : There is a /an... There are... Gramatika vysvetlenie 5. Mať, vlastniť Gramatika kladný, záporný tvar, otázka a krátka odpoveď, precvičenie - PL 6. Plural gramatika - tvorba množného čísla, pravidelná a nepravidelná tvorba 7. Opis ľudí vysvetlenie gramatiky a preklad - PL 8. Privlasňovací pád gramatika a preklad - PL 9. Pohlavie zoznam male a female 10. How many a How much, Gramatika rozdiel v použití, doplnenie cvičenia - PL 11. Predložka smeru a predložky miesta, Gramatika to / at / in a doplnenie cvičenia - PL 12. Present simple tense, Gramatika skladba vety, klad, zápor, otázka, odpoveď, a použitie 13. Present continuous tense, Gramatika skladba vety, klad, zápor, otázka, odpoveď, a použitie a precvičovanie a tvorba viet podľa obrázkov - PL 14. Modal verbs, Gramatika tabuľka v past, present a future, cvičenie na dopĺňanie a preklad - PL 15. Zámená tabuľka podmetové a nesamostatné privlastňovacie a PL na premenenie podmetu za podmetové zámená 16. Relative pronouns - vzťažné zámená 17. Slovesá see / hear / feel / smell / notice a koncovka -ing 18. Some / any a problémy gramatika na vysvetlenie ich použitia a vymenované problémy 19. Prídavné mená a príslovky, negatívne predpony - Gramatika 20. Stupňovanie prídavných mien Gramatika pravidelné, opisné a nepravidelné stupňovanie 21. Past simple tense Gramatika to be klad, zápor, plnovýznamové slovesá, použitie a preklad - PL 22. Vyjadrenie budúcnosti pomocou going to Gramatika skladba vety, použitie a preklad - PL 23. Future simple tense Gramatika skladba vety, klad, zápor, použitie 24. Gramatika -ordinal numbers výnimky, zoznam, PL, písanie a čítanie dátumov 25. Present perfect simple Gramatika skladba vety, klad, zápor, otázka, odpoveď, použitie, typické slovíčka 26. Otázky 27. Výslovnostné znaky 28. Christmas zaujímavosti pohľadnica na vysthinutie a vypísanie

4 1.Členy Neurčitý člen Indefinite article a / an a dávame pred spoluhlásku, nie len v písomnej, ale aj vo výslovnostnej forme e.g. a pen an dávame pred samohlásku aj vtedy, ak je napísaná spoluhláska, ale nečítam ju e.g. an orange BE CAREFUL!!! an hour Použitie: 1.There is... Is there... A/An 2. Ak o niečom hovorím po prvý krát, použijem člen A/An obr.č.1 Člen určitý Definite article the - má dvojakú výslovnosť pred samohláskami sa číta[di] - pred spoluhláskou sa číta [də] (určujeme to podľa výslovnosti, nie podľa písanej formy) Použitie: 1. môžem ho používať v jednotnom čísle, použijem ho ak viem o čom hovorím - singular 2. aj v množnom čísle plural 3. Ak niečo spomínam už druhý krát 4. S tretím stupňom prídavných mien a s radovými číslovkami e.g. the best, the first 5. vlastne je to oslabené ukazovacie zámeno: this /these 6.sú aj zaužívané frázy, kde použijem len člen the, napr. ak sú tie veci jedinečné! e.g. the sun, the moon, the Earth, the police station (lebo ju máme len jednu) in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening

5 2.Tvorba otázky a záporu (základné a jednoduché pravidlo pri tvorbe otázky) 1.Zámenou slovosledu 2.Pridaním častice NOT 1. Pomocou: Do, Does, Did 2. Pomocou: Don t, Doesn t, Didn t To be všetky plnovýznamové Modálne slovesá: slovesá can, must, may Have / has got There is / are Pomocné slovesá: will/shall, have/has obr.č.2

6 3. Ukazovacie zámená jednotné číslo singular množné číslo plural blízko this these ďaleko that those e.g. toto pero this pen tieto ženy these women tamtá stolička that chair tamtie mačky those cats Ukazovacími zámenami ukazujem na veci kde sa nachádzajú. Ak použijem ukazovacie zámená, nepoužijem žiadny člen (a/an/the - nič z toho) ani privlastňovacie zámená!!! obr.č.3 obr.č.4

7 4. Fráza : There is a /an... There are... There is a... There s an... JEDNOTN. ČÍSLO There are... MNOŽNÉ ČÍSLO (nepoužijem žiaden člen) Tieto vety použijem vtedy, ak viem, kde sa čo nachádza. Na konci vety by som mal použiť príslovkové určenie miesta - teda kde to je. Vety prekladám odzadu čiže, zistím si miesto, kde to je, hľadám predložku miesta. e.g. There s a pen on the table. Na stole je pero. JEDNOTN. ČÍSLO There are four pencils in my room. V mojej izbe sú 4 ceruzky. MNOŽNÉ ČÍSLO Otázku tvorím zámenou slovosledu. e.g. Is there a pen on the table? Krátka odpoveď: Yes, there is. Je na stole pero? JEDNOTN. ČÍSLO No, there isn t. Are there four pencils in my room? Krátka odpoveď: Sú v mojej izbe 4 ceruzky? MNOŽNÉ ČÍSLO Yes, there are. No, there aren t.

8 5. Have got / Has got (Mať, vlastniť) SINGULAR full form PLURAL 1.I have got ja mám 1.we have got my máme 2.You have got ty máš 2.you have got vy máte 3.He has got on má 3.they have got oni/ony majú She has got It has got ona má ono/to má Have got [ häv got ] Has got [ häs got ] SINGULAR short form PLURAL 1.I ve got ja mám 1.we ve got my máme 2.You ve got ty máš 2.you ve got vy máte 3.He s got on má 3.they ve got oni/ony majú She s got It s got ona má ono/to má Haven t got / Hasn t got (nemať, nevlastniť) SINGULAR PLURAL 1.I haven t got (have not) 1. we haven t got (have not) 2.You haven t got (have not) 3.He hasn t got (has not) 2. you haven t got (have not) 3.they haven t got (have not) She hasn t got (has not) It hasn t got (has not) Haven t got [ hävnt got ] Hasn t got [ häsnt got ]

9 Otázka tvorím ju zámenou slovosledu SINGULAR 1.Have I got...? 2.Have you got...? Has he got...? PLURAL 1.Have we got...? 2.Have you got...? 3. Have they got...? Has she got...? Has it got...? Krátka odpoveď 1.Yes, I have. No, I haven t. 2.Yes, I have. No, I haven t. 3.Yes, he has. No, he hasn t. Yes, he has. No, he hasn t. Yes, he has. No, he hasn t. Yes, we have. No, we haven t. Yes, you have. No, you haven t. Yes, they have. No, they haven t. Krátku odpoveď utvorím tak, že odpoviem tým čím sa pýtam. Precvičenie: 1. I... an apple. (not) 2. We... a nice house. 3. Tom...a sister. (not) 4. Vicky...a mum. 5. Mickey and his mum... a new car. 6. Your friends... a lot of homework. (not) 7. You... a book. 8. Our table... four legs. (not) 9. Nicky and I... blackk bags. 10. Our grandma and grandpa... a cat. (not) 11. We...a cat. 12. Anna and Peter...a car. 13. Sue and Mary...a house. (not) 14. Pete...a book. 15. Tom...a brother. (not) 16. Alice...bananas. (not) 17. Mike...a sister. 18. Kevin and Hubert...children. 19. My friends...bags. (not) 20. Dogs...friends. (not)

10 6. Plural regular - tvorba množného čísla V anglickom jazyku množné číslo tvorím od podstatných mien pridaním koncovky: s alebo es -es pridám k podstatným menám, ktoré sa v jednotnom čísle končia na x/-sh/-ss/-s/-o/-ch - vo výslovnosti sa bude čítať [iz] e.g. a boy 3 boys ALE a box 2 boxes a toothbrush 5 toothbrushes a glass 6 glasses a potato 7 potatoes!( iná výslovnosť) a watch - 8 watches Plural irregular - nepravidelná tvorba množného čísla Pri nepravidelnej tvorbe množného čísla sa celé podstatné meno zmení, alebo aspoň jeho časť. Musím sa ich naučiť naspamäť. e.g. a man [män] - 2 men [men] a woman [wumen] 3 women [vimin] a child [čajld] 4 children [čildren] a person [persən] 5 people [pípl] ALE ak sa NOUN končí na y a pred ním je spoluhláska, tak to y sa zmení na i a pridám ešte - es e.g. lady five ladies play - plays Ak je pred podstatným menom prídavné meno, člen spred podstatného mena dám pred prídavné meno!!! e.g. a boy a good boy an orange a pen a good orange an orange pen

11 obr.č.5 Niektoré podstatné mená zakončené na o priberajú koncovku es, ale niektoré len s a niektoré aj aj. 1. Potatoes, tomatoes 2. Photos, pianos, radios, videos, zoos, bamboos, solos 3. Cargoes/cargos, volcanoes/volcanos 4. Henrys (hovorím o ľuďoch) 5. ak sa končí na f /-fe tak sa zmení na ves calf calves, elf elves, half halves, knife knives, life lives, loaf loaves, self selves,, shelf shelves, thief thieves, wife wives, wolf wolves, sheaf sheaves, leaf - leaves 6. rovnaké tvary v jednotnom aj množnom čísle sheep, fish, news, homework, housework, information

12 7.Describing people - opis ľudí Opisujem ľudí pomocou slovesa byť a prídavného mena e.g. Ona je vysoká. She is tall. Opisujem ľudí aj pomocou slovesa mať a podstatného mena, ktoré môže byť bližšie popísané prídavným menom e.g. On má dlhé vlasy. He has got long hair. Sloveso byť : tall, short, fat, slim, bald, strong, weak Sloveso mať : long hair, dark hair, blue eyes, a beard, glasses, curly/wavy hair very veľmi quite - celkom, dosť pred príd.menom e.g. He is very tall. On je veľmi vysoký. wear (ver) nosiť na sebe the same ten istý!!! ak mám viac prídavných mien v opise, najprv dám veľkosť a tak farbu e.g. long black hair Prelož: On má zelené oči. On nie je plešatý. obr.č.6 Ona má dlhé tmavé vlasy. Ja mám svetlé vlasy. On má bradu. Ona je nízka. Ona má dlhé vlasy. Ona nie je štíhla. On nie je tučný. Ona nemá okuliare. Ja nemám dlhý nos. Ona nemá krátke vlasy.

13 8.Possessive case - privlastňovací pád Pomocou privlastňovacieho pádu ľuďom privlastňujem nejakú vec, zviera... Majiteľa zistím otázkou: čí / čia / čie Tvorím ho pomocou apostrofu s Pridám s k majiteľovi a majiteľ musí ísť ako prvý! e.g. Simonine pero Simona s pen Musíme si dávať pozor pri tvorbe množného čísla! e.g. perá ľudí - people s pens ALE Ale ak sú majitelia v pravidelnom množnom čísle, tak majitelia priberajú len apostrof. Pozor na slovosled, ako prvý je stále majiteľ /majitelia. e.g. tašky sestier sisters bags Whose pen is it? It s Alena s pen. Prelož: mamina večera učiteľova kniha bratov pes obr.č.7 ockov mobil sestrin počítač zrkadlá dievčat Petrove knihy oči detí lopty chlapcov obr.č.8 autá žien

14 9. Pohlavie Male [meil] M - mužské pohlavie grandfather - starý otec father - otec son- syn brother - brat husband - manžel uncle - ujo,strýko nephew - synovec cousin - bratranec Female [fimeil] F - ženské pohlavie obr.č.9 grandmother - stará mama mother - mama daughter - dcéra sister - sestra wife - manželka aunt - teta niece - neter cousin - sesternica

15 10. How many? Koľko? zisťujeme niečoho počet e.g. How many pens are there in your picture? Koľko pier je na tvojom obrázku? How many books have you got? Koľko kníh máš? I ve got three books. Ja mám 3 knihy. How many socks can you see? Koľko ponožiek ty (môžeš) vidieť? I can see two. Ja môžem vidieť dve (ponožky). (Ja) vidím dve. How much is / are...? - Koľko stojí/stoja...? zisťujem cenu Ak sa pýtam na jednu vec, opýtam sa : e.g. How much is this book? It s 0.63p. (Čiže použijem jednotné číslo) Ak sa pýtam na vec, ktorá sa skladá z dvoch častí, opýtam sa: e.g. How much are these shoes/trousers? They re How much are these CDs? They re 5.20 each. (Čiže použijem množné číslo) Fill in: many / much, singular / plural to be or this / these How books have you got? How these glasses? How is pen? How much this car? How shoes can you see? How much are badges? obr.č.10

16 11. Predložka smeru a predložky miesta to [tu] do -predložka to je predložka smeru -spája sa so slovesami: go / move / come obr.č.11 e.g. I go to school. (Ja) Idem do školy. at [et,ät] v, vo -ak som v nejakej budove, za účelom na aký je postavená, to znamená, že som v škole ako žiak alebo učiteľ, do obchodu idem nakupovať, na diskotéku tancovať e.g I am at school. (Ja) Som v škole. in [in] v, vo - ak som v izbe, miestnosti, trojrozmerný priestor, ale aj s niektorými zaužívanými slovnými spojeniami e.g. I m in the living room. (Ja) Som v obývačke. Children are in the playground Deti sú na ihrisku. obr.č.12 Fill in: to / at / in 1. I must go the shops. 2. Let s go the cinema. 3. You can buy postcards the bookshop. 4. Where s Stephen? He s the post Office. 5. Can we go the café, mum? 6. We ve got two computers our school. 7. Three boxes are the wardrobe. 8. We move London. 9. Are you your room, Betty? 10. Is Alice?

17 12.Present simple tense - Prítomný čas jednoduchý Skladba vety: Subject + verb+ object Podmet + sloveso + predmet Kladný tvar Záporný tvar I You We read a book. don t read (do not) a book. They He She reads a book. doesn t read (does not) a book. It Pozor! V tretej osobe jednotného čísla sloveso priberá koncovku s/-es. Zápor tvorím pomocou pomocných slovies don t / doesn t. Pri doesn t sloveso už nemá koncovku s/-es, už je v doesn t.! -es používam, ak sa sloveso končí na ch, -sh, -ss, -x, -o. Ak je pred slovesom modálne sloveso, tak koncovku s/-es nedávame! e.g. She can dance. She can t dance. Tvorba otázky I You Do we talk? Does she talk? they Krátka odpoveď - odpovedám tým, čím sa pýtam Yes, I do. /du/ No, I don t. /dont/ Otázku tvorím pomocou pomocných slovies Do / Does, ktoré dám pred plnovýznamové sloveso. Does používam v tretej osobe jednotného čísla. Pozor! Koncovky s/-es už pri otázke nepoužívam, je to už v pomocnom slovese does. Pomocné slovesá neprekladáme! he it

18 Použitie 1.Dej sa pravidelne opakuje, je to jedno, v akých intervaloch. Môže to byť každý deň ale aj každý rok. e.g. I get up at si o clock every day. 2.Dej je pre všetkých ľudí platný, napr. ak je pekné počasie, platí to pre všetkých. e.g. Today is nice weather. Typické slovíčka: - every day - every month - every year - all the time 3.osoba jednotného čísla v present simple tense: - ak mám vetu s použitím osôb He/She/It, tak Verb priberá koncovku s/-es - vo väčšine prípadov to je -s e.g. She plays football. - -es[iz] pridám vtedy, ak sa sloveso v základnom tvare končí na sh/-ss/-ch/-x/-o e.g He watches TV. V 3.o.j.č. zápor tvorím pomocou pomocného slovesa doesn t pred plnovýznamové sloveso. e.g. She plays football. She doesn t play football.

19 13.Present continuous tense - Prítomný čas priebehový Skladba vety: Subject + verb + -ing + object Celé to be + sloveso s koncovnkou ing + predmet Kladný tvar Záporný tvar 1.I m (am) I m not (am not) 2.You re (are) You aren t (are not) 3.He s (is) walking. He isn t (is not) walking. She s (is) It s (is) She isn t (is not) It isn t (is not) Kladný tvar Záporný tvar 1. We re (are) We aren t (are not) 2. You re (are) walking. You aren t (are not) walking. 3. They re (are) They aren t (are not) Tvorba otázky zámenou slovosledu 1. Am I 1. Are we 2. Are you 2. Are you walking? 3. Is he walking? 3. Are they Is she Is it Krátka odpoveď - odpovedám tým, čím sa pýtam Kladná: Yes, I am. Yes, you are. Yes, he is.... Záporná: No, I m not. No, you aren t. No, he isn t....

20 Použitie: Typické slovíčka: - Dej sa odohráva teraz. -at the moment e.g. I am watching Tv at the moment. - now - v dialógu 1. Dopĺň kladný tvar present continuous tense: (celé to be a sloveso s koncovkou - ing) e.g. You TV. (watch) You are watching TV. 1. She my mum. (help) 2. He a cake. (make) 3. My brother to school. (go) 4. Her father a book. (read) 5. Your parents breakfast. (have) 2. Dopĺň záporný tvar present continuous tense: (celé to be a sloveso s koncovkou -ing) e.g. My dad for a book. (look) My dad isn t looking for a book. 1. His sister. (dance) 2. I up. (wash) 3. My little brother dressed. (get) 4. Erica a jacket. (wear) 5. My mum and I to Bardejov. (travel) 3. Dopĺň otázku v present continuous tense: (celé to be a sloveso s koncovkou ing) e.g. she my mum? (help) Is she helping my mum? 1. you to the radio? (listen) 2. Peter and Tom the bus? (take) 3. Alexandra a shower? (have) 4. my teacher the lesson? (start) 5. our friends their homework? (do) 4. Krátke odpovede v present continuous tense: (celé to be v kladnom alebo zápornom tvare) 1. Yes, she. 4. Yes, I. 2. No, he. 5. Yes, we. 3. No, they.

21 Napíš k jednotlivým obrázkom vety v present continuous tense: obr.č.13 obr.č.14 obr.č.16 obr.č.15 obr.č.17 obr.č.18 obr.č.19 obr.č.20 obr.č.22 obr.č.21

22 14. Modal verbs present past future can / cannot could /couldn t will be able to/won t be able to must / needn t have to / don t have to had to / didn t have to will have to/won t have to may / mustn t might/mightn t/might not I am allowed to/ I was allowed to/i wasn t allowed to will be allowed to/ I m not allowed to won t be allowed to Pozor! Must musieť Don t have to nemusieť Mustn t nesmieť ZÁKAZ Fill in: can 1. My mum. (not have breakfast) 2. Tom. (go to bed) 3. Your friends. (not watch TV) Fill in: must 4. Our teacher.(take the bus) obr.č Sedrik. (help me) 6. My dad. (not have a shower) Translate: 7. You mustn t smoke. 8. Zákaz fotografovania. 9. You mustn t swim. 10. You must show your passport. 11. You must wear a hard hat. 12. Musíš zastaviť. 13. Môžeme raňajkovať?

23 15.Zámená Subject pronoun Possessive adjectives 1. I - ja my môj, moja, moje 2. you - ty your tvoj, tvoja, tvoje 3. he on(muž) his -jeho 4. she ona(žena) her jej 5. it ono/to its-jeho, jej(vec,zviera) 6. we - my our náš, naša, naše 7. you -vy your-váš, vaša,vaše 8. they -oni/ony their-ich obr.č.24 Zameň podmet za podmetové zámená: 1. Mr. And Mrs. Brown - 2. Tom and I - 3. Children - 4. A desk and a chair - 5. A table - 6. My mum - 7. Your Brother - 8. Miss teacher - 9. His dad A dog My dad 12. The table 13. Mr and Mrs Brown 14. Miss teacher 15. A dog obr.č Five pens 17. Children 18. Tom 19. Susan 20. My mum and I

24 16.Relative pronouns - vzťažné zámená My použijeme that ak hovoríme o ľuďoch a veciach. My použijeme who ak hovoríme o ľuďoch. My použijeme which ak hovoríme o veciach. e.g. The boy who is wearing a black T-shirt is Oliver. Chlapec, ktorý má čierne tričko je Oliver. Things which are good for you. Veci, ktoré sú dobré pre teba. Places which are smoking. Miesta, ktoré sú zafajčené. Shoes which are too tight. Topánky, ktoré sú príliž tesné. Peolpe who sunbathe. Ľudia, ktorí sa opaľujú. 17. So slovesami: see/hear/feel/smell/notice použijeme sloveso s koncovkou ing! e.g. I heard the phone. The phone was ringing. I heard the phone ringing. I can see him going to answer the phone. Vidím ho zdvíhať/odpovedať na telefón. I can smell something burning. Citím, že niečo horí. I can hear him running back to the kitchen. Počujem ho bežať späť do kuchyne.

25 18.Some používame, keď hovoríme o neurčitom množstve - môžeme ho použiť pred nepočítateľnými podstatnými menami - e.g. some water some milk - aj pred počítateľnými podstatnými menami, ale len v množnom čísle - e.g. some tomatoes some onios - Some sa používa v kladných vetách. - preklad: nejaký/nejaká/nejaké Preložte: 1. We need some bananas You need a frying pan You need an egg. - Any tie isté pravidlá ako pri some obr.č.26 - preklad: ktorýkoľvek / hociktorý (každý), v otázkach má význam: nejaký / niektorý, v zápore má význam: nijaký / žiadny Any sa používa v záporných vetách a otázkach. Problems: I m hungry. Som hladný My back hurts. Bolí ma chrbát. I m cold. Je mi zima. My finger hurts. Bolí ma prst. I m bored. Som znudený. I ve got toothache. Bolí ma zub. I m thirsty. Som smädný. I ve got a cold. Mám chrípku. I m hot. Je mi teplo. I ve got a sore throat. Mám boloesť v hrdle. I m tired. Som unavený. I ve got a headache. Mám bolesť hlavy. I feel sick. Cítim sa zle. I don t feel well. Necítim sa dobre. My ear hurts. / My ears hurt. Bolí ma ucho./bolia ma uši. My knee hurts./my knees hurt. Bolí ma koleno./bolia ma kolená. obr.č.27

26 19.Prídavné mená a príslovky Prídavné mená stoja pred podstatnými menami bližšie ich popisujú, môže ich byť viac. Pýtam sa na ne otázkami- aký/aká/aké Príslovky tvoríme ich z prídavných mien (nie všetky). Popisujú sloveso a stoja za ním. Pýtam sa na ne otázkou ako. -tvoríme ich pomocou koncovky ly/-y Adjectives-aký/aká/aké Adverbs - ako slow pomalý slowly - pomaly horrible strašný horribly strašne quiet tichý quietly -ticho quick rýchly quickly rýchlo loud hlasný loudly hlasno sudden náhly suddenly náhle careful opatrný carefully opatrne hard tvrdý hard tvrdo! (hardly-sotva) happy šťastný happily šťastne good dobrý well dobre! fast rýchly fast rýchlo! safe- bezpečný safely bezpečne Podstatné mená a tvorba prídavných miená: Predpony negatínych slov: Noun Adjective Careful-careless Im - pred M/P Danger dangerous Happy-unhappy Ir - pred R Luck lucky Lucky-unlucky Il - pred L Poison poisonous Friendly-unfriendly Un- / In- / Dis- Hazard hazardous Visible-invisible Risk risky Usual-unusual Health healthy Likely-unlikely Ease easy Possible-impossible Caution cautious True-untrue Dirt dirty Inteligent-unintelligent Infection infectious Fair-unfair

27 20. Stupňovanie prídavných mien Pravidelné stupňovanie: Opisné stupňovanie: er 2. more + prídavné meno 3.- est 3. the most + prídavné meno 1. Deep hlboký 1. intelligent inteligentný 2. Deeper hlbší 2. more inteligent inteligentnejší 3. Deepest najhlbší 3. the most inteligent najinteligentnejší 1. Heavy ťažký 1. beautiful krásna 2. Heavier ťažší 2. more beautiful krajšia 3. Heaviest najťažší 3. the most beautiful najkrajšia 1. Hot horúci 1.expensive drahý(peniaze) 2. Hotter horúcejší 2. more expensive drahý (peniaze) 3. Hottest najhorúcejší 3. the most expensive najdrahší 1. Large veľký 2. Larger väčší Nepravidelné stupňovanie: 3. Largest najväčší 1. good / 2. better / 3. the best 1. High vysoký 1. bad ill / 2. worse / 3. the worst 2. Higher vyšší 1. far / 2. further / 3. the furthest 3. Highest najvyšší 1. little / 2. less / 3. the least 1. many much /2. more /3. the most 1. Cool chladný 2. Cooler chladnejší 3. Coolest najchladnejší obr.č.28

28 21. Past simple tense - Minulý čas jednoduchý Skladba vety: Subject + verb + object Podmet + sloveso v druhom stĺpci alebo s koncovkou ed + predmet minulý čas to be Singular Plural 1.I was - ja som bol 1. We were my sme boli 2.You were ty si bol 2.You were vy ste boli 3.He was on bol 3. They were oni /ony boli She was ona bola It was ono / to bolo Zápor: wasn t / was not a weren t / were not Vety s plnovýznamovým slovesom: Singular (pravidelné sloveso) Plural (nepravidelné sloveso) 1.I helped my mum. 1.We saw her. 2.You helped your mum. 2.You saw her. 3.He helped his mum. 3.They saw her. She hepled her mum. It helped its mum. Zápor: didn t / did not pred sloveso, ktoré už je v neurčitku. Použitie: Dej ukončený v minulosti. Prelož: Typické slová: - yesterday -ago -last year / month (všetko so slovom LAST) Tieto slová stoja na konci viet - lebo sú to príslovkové určenia času. 1. I... at school. (bol) 2. Tamara... me a book. (dala) 3. Tomáš... home. (išiel) 4. Alžbeta... any pen. (nemala) 5. We... the bus. (nešli nevzali) 6. Children.... (neprišli) you... a letter? (písal) 8. Yes, I they at the cinema? (boli) 10. No, they....

29 22. Vyjadrenie budúcnosti pomocou going to Skladba vety: Subject + going to+ verb Podmet (celé to be ) + going to + sloveso v holom neurčitku going to neprekladám - do slovenčiny ho prekladám budúcim časom Použitie: - zámer / plán vopred dohodnutý - dôkaz/znalosti (teraz to vidím) - nepoužívam so slovesom to go e.g. It is going to rain. It isn t going to rain. Is it going to rain? Yes, it is. obr.č.29 No, it isn t. Prelož: 1. Pozriem si televízor. 2. Moji rodičia pôjdu do kina. 3. Preopakujem si na test. 4. Tomáš nebude doma. 5. Zahráš si futbal? obr.č Alica si dnes večer prečíta knihu. 7. Patrikovi kamaráti si kúpia nové auto. 8. V nedeľu popoludní si pospím. 9. Vezmeme to k našim rodičom. 10. Nenapíšeme Sue. obr.č.31

30 23.Future simple tense - Budúci čas jednoduchý Skladba vety: Subject + will + verb + object Podmet + will + sloveso+ predmet POSITIVE NEGATIVE I I You You He He obr.č.32 She ll ( will) walk. She won t ( will not) walk. It It We You They We You They Tvorba otázky zámenou slovosledu Will I walk? You He Will she walk? It we Will you walk? they Krátke odpovede odpovedám tým, čím sa pýtam. Kladná: Yes, I will. Yes, you will. Yes, he will.... Záporná: No, I won t. No, you won t. No, he won t.... Použitie: - náhle rozhodnutie - predpoveď do budúcna

31 24.Ordinal numbers Radové číslovky v angličtine tvorím pomocou koncovky th a člena the e.g. the tenth 10th - desiaty výnimky: 1st the first prvý 2nd the second druhý 3rd the third - tretí five - päť 5th the fifth piaty nine deväť 9th the ninth deviaty twelve dvanásť 12th the twelfth- dvanásty twenty dvadsať 20th the twentieth- dvadsiaty 30th the thirtieth - tridsiaty 40th the fortieth štyrydsiaty 50th the fiftieth - päťdesiaty 60th- the sixtieth - šeťdesiaty 70th the seventieth - sedemdesiaty 80th the eightieth - osemdesiaty 90th the ninetieth - deväťdesiaty 100th - the hundredth - stý e.g. 31st the thirty-first - tridsiaty prvý obr.č.33 Písanie a čítanie dátumov We write: We say: We write: We say: We write: We say: 27 September the twenty-seventh of September 5 May the fifth of May 12 January the twelfth of January obr.č.34

32 25.Present perfect simple tense - Predprítomný čas jednoduchý Skladba vety: Subject +have/has + past participle... Podmet + pomocné sloveso have/has, ktoré neprekladám + sloveso v treťom stĺpci alebo s koncovkou ed Použitie : - dej sa začal v minulosti a nedávno, práve skončil - dej sa začal v minulosti, a ešte trvá - dej sa začal a skončil v minulosti, ale má na mňa vply do dnešného dňa - zaujíma ma výsledok deja POSITIVE and NEGATIVE I You We ve/have / haven t seen this movie. obr.č.35 They He She s/has/hasn t seen this movie. V 3.os.jed.č.použijem HAS/HASN T It Zápor -tvorím pomocou častice not a pridám ju k pomocnému slovesu have/has Have not haven t [hevnt] Has not hasn t [heznt] to v 3.osobe jednot.čísla he/she/it Tvorba otázky zámenou slovosledu Krátke odpovede odpovedám tým, čím sa pýtam. Have you seen this movie? Yes, I have. No, I haven t. Has she seen this movie? Yes, she has. No, she hasn t

33 Typické slovíčka: For- ako dlho I ve been to the USA for two months. Bol som v Amerike 2 mesiace. Since- odkedy(sins) She hasn t seen Brenda since Monday. Ona nevidela Brendu od pondelka. Already kladná veta(olredy) už-skôr než si čakal They ve already won some money. Oni už vyhrali nejaké peniaze. Just-(džast) práve-pred chvíľou Milena has just ridden a car. Milena práve šla autom. Yet (jet)otázka/zápor na konci vety-očakávam, že sa niečo stane I haven t done my homework yet. Ešte som si neurobila moju dú. Ever/never (len v zápornej vete), otázka(doteraz)/zápor Have you ever played rugby? Hral si niekedy ragby? Áno, hral. Yes, I have. But I ve never played baseball. Ale nikdy som nehral baseball. Gone je ešte stále tam Been to je už späť 1. Tomáš čítal dobrú knihu. Tomáš has read a good book. Neprekladám červené 2. Moji rodičia boli na dovolenke. My parents have been on holiday. 3. Jej brat si robil dú. Her Brother has done his homework. 4. Jeho kamarát hľadal kľúče. His friend has looked for keys. 5. Ja som pomáhal môjmu otcovi. I have helped my dad.

34 26. Otázky What do you look like? Ako vyzerá? Who do you look like? Na koho sa podobáš? How is she? Ako sa máš? What is she like? Aká je? ( vnútro) What does she like doing? Čo rada robí? What would she like to do? Čo by rada robila? 27. Výslovnostné znaky 1. ak v slove nie je R tak to budem čítať ako [r] 2. ak v slove je R tak ho čítam ako anglické oslabené [ə] ( jazyk je bez pohybu) Æ čítam ako naše široké [ä] e.g. swimming - čítam n a g spolu [ŋ] sh - čítam ako [š] Ch čítam ako [č] alebo[ k] : - to je dĺžeň [θ]- koniec jazyka na zadnú stranu horných zubov a vyslovím S [ð] - koniec jazyka na zadnú stranu horných zubov a vyslovím Z

35 28.Christmas X-mas obr.č.36 24th December Christmas Eve Children put the gifts around the tree. 25th December Christmas Day obr.č.37 In the morning they usually find a lot of gifts from Santa Claus. 26th December Boxing Day Children play with the toys and adults relax and watch them. obr.č.38 obr.č.39

36 obr.č. 41 obr.č.40

37 Adresy použitých obrázkov: č. 1 č.2 č.3 č.4 č.5 č.6 č.7 č.8 č.9 č.10 č.11 č.12 č.13 č.14 č.15 tanca.html č.16 č.17 č.18 č.19 č.20 č.21 č.22 č.23 č.24 č.25 č.26

38 č.27 č.28 č.29 č.30 č.31 č.32 č.33 č.34 č.35 č.36 č.37 č.38 č.39 č.40 č.41

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