ROLE OF THERMAL INSULATION IN BUILDINGS THERMAL INSULATION FOR BUILDINGS. Typical Buildings in India A TECHNICAL PRESENTATION BY

Transcription

1 ROLE OF THERMAL INSULATION IN A TECHNICAL PRESENTATION BY LLOYD INSULATIONS (INDIA) LTD INDIA IS A TROPICAL COUNTRY v Ambient Temp varying from 25 Deg.C TO 45 Deg.C and in some places even 50 Deg.C v Winter Temp varying from 20 TO 10 0 C and in some places even Sub Zero Temperatures. v High Humidity v ary ing f rom 60 to 98 Percent OF HIGH AMBIENT & HIGH HUMIDITY RESULT IN Uncomfortable working Conditions v Lower Productivity Typical Buildings in India ROOF CONSTRUCTION v Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) in 100mm to 150mm v Pre-cast Roof Element having low Thermal resistance and Finished With Water Proofing Walls are Usually 125mm to 225mm Brickwall With Plaster v To Cater to the Building Load and Wind Load v With Windows /Glazing resulting in Heat Ingress 1

2 ROOF OF v Receive the maximum amount of Radiant heat v Allow large quantities of heat to enter the Building Envelope Resulting in: v Increase in temperature inside the Buildings v.inside Temperature is likely to go above than the Outside Ambient v Higher Air Conditioning Loads and increased running time of the Compressors v Higher Energy cost High Heat Incidence and Low Thermal Resistance of RCC/Brick W alls Calls for INSULATION OF ROOF AND WALL THERMAL INSULA TION FOR Building Energy Consumption Air conditioning - 57 % Lighting - 22% Ventilation Fans - 16% Miscellaneous - 5% ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT METHODS Building energy efficiency includes two parts: envelop (insulation for roof, external wall, window, door and ground floor) and maintenance (energy efficiency improvement for lighting, air conditioner, water heater, green power acquirement such as solar power and wind power etc.). The role of thermal insulation is to improve Building Envelope's Energy efficiency. ` IMPORTANCE OF IN 2

3 ` ` Thermal Insulation is an essential part of all Buildings and performs many functions. Energy Conservation Reduces the heating / cooling load Human Comfort improves the efficiency of the workmen Human Comfort in buildings depends, of course upon the proper design of Heating / Cooling equipment. Efficient operation of these equipment however depends on the effectiveness of the Thermal Insulation. ` ` The Design of Insulation requirements v for buildings is not straight forward as the calculation of economic thickness for pipeline / equipment Almost all Building material provide some resistance to heat flow and thermal insulation is a part of the system Hence the design solution for the thermal insulation of buildings must be based on comparison of the system ` ` Factors influencing the design of insulation of building Location and Weather conditions Orientation of the building Wind / breeze Height of Ceiling Factors influencing the design of insulation of building Proportion of Glassed Areas, Door / Window / Ventilator openings Shading Whether the building is only heated or heated or cooled 3

4 ` ` Thermal Conductance U is Because of the above factors, The Thermal Conductance given by U value forms the basis for design and becomes the only governing factor for defined as the reciprocal of the total thermal resistance U = 1/R selection of insulating mater ial ` Thermal resistance R is given by R = 1 /fo + 1 /fi + l/k ECBC NORMS Where fo Outside surface conductance fi Inside surface conductance l Thickness of material K thermal Conductivity of the material Energy Conservation Building Codes is Applicable to Buildings or Building Complexes that have a connected Load of 500KW or a Contract Demand of 600KVA or greater BUILDING INSULATION AND ENERGY CONSEVATION Climate Zone Compostie Hot and Dry Warm and Humid Moderate Cold ECBC NORMS 24-hour use buildings Hospitals, Hotels,Call Centers Code requiring R-value of Insulation alone Roof / Wall m 2 deg. C / W R / 2.1 R / 2.1 R / 2.1 R 2.1 / 1.8 R 3.5 / 2.2 Daytime use building Other Building Types Code requiring R-value of Insulation alone Roof / Wall m 2 deg. C / W R- 2.1 / 2.1 R- 2.1 / 2.1 R- 2.1 / 2.1 R 2.1 / 2.0 R 2.1 / 2.35 BUILDING INSULATION AND ENERGY CONSEVATION Climate Zone Compostie Hot and Dry Warm and Humid Moderate Cold ECBC NORMS 24-hour use buildings Hospitals, Hotels,Call Centers Code requiring U-value of Assembly Roof / Wall w/m 2 deg. C U /0.440 U-0.261/ U / U 0.409/ U 0.261/0.369 Daytime use building Other Building Types Code requiring U-value of Assembly Roof / Wall w/m 2 deg. C U /0.440 U / U / U /0.397 U /

5 BUILDING INSULATION AND ENERGY CONSERVATION Thermal Insulation Systems Combination of Materials,Ancillaries,Protective Finishes and Application Methods. v Compatible with relative Accessories/Provisions v Properties of Insulation Materials v BEST INSULATION MATERIAL MAY FAIL IF NOT PROPERLY APPLIED. Criteria For Selection Of Insulation Material Thermal Insulation Material and Finishes chosen should Withstand the Vagaries in the Ambient and Humid Conditions in Tropical Indian Environment and Specifications be made to suit the Location. v Thermal C onducti vity v Thermal Diffusivity v Compressi ve Strength v Water Absorption v Fire Properties Viz Incombustbility/Fire Resistance v Application BUILDING INSULATION OPTIONS Roof Insulation U nderdeck Insulation OverdeckInsulation Wall Insulation Internal External False Ceiling THERMAL INSULA TION FOR OPTIONS RCC BULDINGS 5

6 OVERDECK INSULATION APPLICATION OF INSULATION DIRECTLY OVER SLOPED RCC FOLLOWED BY WATER PROOFING & PROTECTIVE COVERING TREATMENT, FEATURING : v PRE FORMED INSULATION BOARDS v IN-SITU TECHNOLOGY IMPORTANT PROPERTIES TO RECKON WITH v ADEQUATE COMPRESSION RESISTANCE v LOW WATER ABSORPTION v RESISTANCE TO HIGH AMBIENT TEMP. v LOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY THERMAL INSULA TION FOR Insulation Materials Options OVERDECK INSULATION Spray Polyurethane Foam Extruded Polystyrene Polyurethane/PIR SLAB Expanded Polystyrene SPRAYING PUF / PIR FOAM SPRAY PU FOAM & MEMBRANE WATERPROOFING PROPERTIES OF SPRAYED IN-SITU PUF/PIR FOAM v CLOSE CELL CONTENT v KG/M3 DENSITY v NEGLIGIBLE WATER ABSORPTION v JOINTLESS FOAMING v LOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 6

7 SPRAY PU FOAM & MEMBRANE WATERPROOFING FIXING OF PRE-FORMED SLABS SPRAY PU FOAM & LIQUID APPLIED WATERPROOFING SLABS FIXED ON ROOF ADVANTAGES OF OVERDECK INSULATION v DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH INSIDE ON GOING ACTIVITIES. v JOINTLESS COVER TO THE ROOF SURFACE - THERMAL BARRIER AGAINST HEAT IN FLUX - PROTECTOR TO THE CONCRETE SURFACE FROM FLUCTUATING EXTERNAL TEMP. v VERY FAST APPLICATION DISADVANTAGE OVERDECK INSULATION NEEDS TO BE TREATED WITH PROPER WATER PROOFING TREATMENT ENSURING NO WATER INGRESS INTO THE INSULATION. IN CASE THE WATER PROOFING TREATMENT IS DAMAGED, THE WATER INGRESS INTO THE INSULATION MAY LEAD TO COMPROMISING ITS INSULATION PROPERTIES. 7

8 THERMAL INSULA TION FOR UNDERDECK INSULATION PROVIDING INSULATION AS A CONTACT TREATMENT TO THE INNER SURFACE OF ROOF Insulation Materials Options UNDERDECK INSULATION Rockwool Slabs/Rolls Glass wool Slabs/Rolls UNDER DECK INSULATION DISADVANTAGES OF UNDERDECK INSULATION v ROOF SLAB IS SUBJECT STRESS DUE TO CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES IN THE AMBIENT v INTERFERENCE WITH FALSE CEILING AND HVAC SYSTEM INSULATION OVER FALSE CEILING PLACING FIBROUS INSULATION PACKED IN POLYTHENE BAGS ON THE TOP OF SUSPENDED CEILING THERMAL INSULA TION FOR Insulation Materials Options False Ceiling Insulation Rockwool Slabs/Rolls Glasswool Slabs/Rolls 8

9 INSULATION OVE R FALSE CEILING BOARDS THERMAL INSULA TION FOR Insulation Materials Options RESIN BONDED MINERALWOOL SLABS/ROLLS Wall Insulation Rockwool Slabs/Rolls PIR/Polyurethane Foam Extruded Polystyrene SLAB ROLL RIGID INSULATION POLYISOCYANURATE SLABS OF DENSITY KG/M3 AS PER IS : 12436, THICKNESS 30MM. WALL INSULATION FIXING OF WOODEN BATTENS OR GI CHANNEL AND PLACING HIGH DENSITY NON- COMBUSTIBLE MINERALWOOL SLABS OF DENSITY 48/64/96 KG/M3 AS PER IS:8183, 50MM THICKNESS IN BETWEEN AND FINALLY COVERED BY RIGID BOARDS FASTENED TO THE FRAME WORK. 9

10 WALL INSULATION GI CHANNEL FRAME WORK WOODEN FRAME WORK WALL INSULATION WALL INSULATION WALL INSULATION WITH WOODEN FRAME WORK & ROCKLOYD SLABS 10

11 LLOYD INSULATIONS (INDIA) LTD., ETICS:MOST RELIABLE EXTERIOR INSULATI ON SYSTE M EXTERIOR AND COMPOSITE SYSTEMS (ETICS) CREATING TOMORROW'S SOLUTIONS ETICS -A multi-layered exterior insulation system used on both commercial & residential buildings, provide superior energy efficiency and much greater design flexibility than other cladding products. Thermal Insulation System Simplest and most Reliable way of Insulation Most Useful for Retention of Energy and Increase the Energy Efficiency Two Ways to Retrofit Insulation i. e. Exterior and Interior LLOYD INSULATIONS (INDIA) LTD., 1)Masonry 2)Adhesive 3)Polyurethane/PIR Foam 4)Basecoat 5)Fiber mesh 6)Top Coat LLOYD INSULATIONS (INDIA) LTD., NORMAL THICKNESS OF VARIOUS LAYERS : 1) Adhesive : It is Dispersible Polymer powder modified cementacious dry mix Total thickness varies from 4mm to 10mm depending on uniformity of Substrate. 2) Insulation : It is Polyurethane Foam ( PU ) or PIR 3) Base Coat : It is Dispersible Polymer powder modified cementacious dry mix Total Thickness will be 4-6mm LLOYD INSULATIONS (INDIA) LTD., 4)Fibre Glass mesh : 165 GSM which is to be impregnated inside base coat (reinforced) to get additional strength and to prevent cracks. 5) Texture Coat: It is Dispersible Polymer powder modified cementacious dry mix It can be in various colours by mixing pigments and also in various designs. Total Thickness vari es from 12mm to 14mm LLOYD INSULATIONS (INDIA) LTD., Bond strength base coat / Insulation After 28 days normal climate After testing on the rig Bond strength substrate / adhesive 28 days normal climate 28 days normal climate + 2 days water + 2 hours drying 28 days normal climate + 2 days water + 7 days normal climat e Bond strength adhesive / Insulation product 28 days normal climate 28 days normal climate + 2 days water + 2 hours drying 28 days normal climate + 2 days water + 7 days normal climat e >0.08N/mm 2 or failure in the insulation product instead >0.08N/mm 2 or failure in the insulation product instead >0.25 N/mm 2 >0.08 N/mm 2 >0.25 N/mm 2 >0.25 N/mm 2 >0.03 N/mm 2 >0.08 N/mm 2 11

12 LLOYD INSULATIONS (INDIA) LTD., ADVANTAGES OF OUTSIDE INS ULATION : Outstanding Thermal Insulation Reduction in cooling cost Optimum Use of the Wall s cooling Storage Capacity Save Space Inside the Rooms Great Design Flexibility for facades Increase in value of the Building LLOYD INSULATIONS (INDIA) LTD., HOW ETICS IS INSTALLED ETICS is attached to outside face of exterior walls with adhesive and mechanical anchors. ETICS is installed directly at construction site by hand by professional plastering contractors ETICS is an assembled system and not retail product. ETICS can also be made as prefabricated panels Typical applications of PUR ETICS in China PUR ETICS Typical applications of PUR ETICS in China - SPF ETICS System Structure Subst rat e SPF ETICS Slab Stock ETICS Curtain Wall ETICS Pouring On-s ite ETICS Prefabric ated ETICS Leve li ng mort ar f or Su bst rat e2 Spray a ppl ie d P U rig id f oam I nt erf acial ren der ETICSbas ed on spray applied Poly - urethane rigid foam ETICSbas ed on Poly - urethane s lab s tock board ETICS for curtain wall ins ulation application ETICSbas ed on pouring on-site Poly - urethane rigid foam ETICS of prefabric ated Poly - urethane ins ulation board Level in g mort ar Fib er gl ass mes h Prot ect i ve mort ar Top f i nis h Typical applications of PUR ETICS in China -SPF ETICS System Structure Sy s tem Struc ture Sketch Map Substrate Interfac ial Insulation Layer Layer Ž Interfacial Subst rat e SPF render Leveling & Protec tiv e Lay er Protective mortar (+ Fi ber gl ass m esh when necessary) Top Coat Top fi ni sh Ž ETICS With Spray Polyurethane Foam 12

13 Wall ready to receive Spray PU Foam SPRAY PU FOAM IN PROGRESS SPRAY PU FOAM IN PROGRESS SPRAY PU FOAM IN PROGRESS I Layer SPRAY PU FOAM Completed SPRAY PU FOAM And Levelling Mortar Applied 13

14 SPRAY PU FOAM And Levelling Mortar Applied Base Coat Mortar Applied Fibre Glass Mesh Reinforcement being Applied Base Coat II layer being applied Finish Coat Applied ETICS Completed Awaiting Finish Coat 14

15 Typical applications of PUR ETICS in China - Slab Stock ETICS System structure Subs trate Leveling mortar for Substrate PU R s lab stock b oard Typical applications of PUR ETICS in China - Slab Stock ETICS System Structure Subs trate Adhesive Layer Insulation Layer Ž System Structure Protec tive Layer Top Coat Sk etch M ap Protec tive m ortar Fiber glass mes h Top finis h Sub strate Ad h esiv e mo rtar P ro tectiv e mo rtar PUR slab + Fib er g lass sto ck bo ard mesh Top co ating ETICS PU SLABS Application of Interfacial Render Application of Adhesive Mortar Adhering the Slabs on to the WAll 15

16 Slabs adhered to the wall Application of Base Coat Application of Fibre Glass Mesh Fibreglass Mesh in Position Final Base Coat in place Cross sectional View of ETICS PU SLABS 16

17 FINISH COAT Typical applications of PUR ETICS in China - Curtain Wall ETICS System Structure Subs trate Spray applied PU rigid foam Interfacial render Protec tive m ortar Adhesion frame Top finis h Typical applications of PUR ETICS in China - Curtain Wall ETICS System Structure ROAD MAP FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN Subs trate Insulation Layer System Structure Interfac ial Layer Ž Sub strate SPF In terfacial ren d er Protec tive Layer Pro tectiv e mo rtar (+ Fib er g lass mesh wh en n ecessary ) Top Coat Top fin ish Ž As is being followed in our neighbouring country let us aim at improving the energy efficiency by 50 % with 2000 as the base year This is possible by bringing in Mandatory Rules and Standards for Thermal Insulation of Buildings Thank you for your attention B J KUPPUSWAMY For further details please mail to bjkswamy@yahoo.co.in 17